Magetsi kumunda mwamphamvu

Aliyense mlandu magetsi ozungulira munda magetsi. Chifukwa cha sayansi kafukufuku yaitali Tatsimikiza kuti zimachitika pakati pa matupi mlandu chifukwa minda magetsi yowazungulira. Iwo mwapadera kanthu, amene inextricably zogwirizana ndi kuyang'anira onse magetsi.

Phunziro la munda magetsi ikuchitika mwa kuyambitsa mu izo chabwino mlandu thupi. Matupi awa amatchedwa "milandu kuyesedwa". Mwachitsanzo, nthawi ntchito mayeso mlandu mlandu Nkhata Bay mpira.

Posankha mlandu mayeso m'munda magetsi a thupi, amene ali ndi mlandu zabwino, zosavuta ndithu mlandu pith mpira imawalamulira udzakupangeni kwambiri, timayamba kubweretsa izo kwa thupi.

Pamene kusuntha mlandu mayeso m'munda magetsi a munthu wina mlandu mosavuta kudziwa kuti mphamvu kuchita izo, adzakhala osiyana m'malo osiyanasiyana.

Mwachitsanzo, pamene anaikidwa pa mndandanda wa mfundo yomweyi m'munda osiyana kakulidwe mayeso abwino milandu q1, q2, q3, ..., qn, mungaone kuti mphamvu wochititsa pa iwo, F1, F2, F3, ..., Fn osiyana, koma chiŵerengero cha mphamvu ndi kukula ena mlandu kulalikira nthawi zonse umaloza:

F1 / q1 = F2 / q2 = F3 / q3 = ... = Fn / qn.

Ngati mwanjira imeneyi kufufuza mfundo zosiyanasiyana zakutchire, timapeza mfundo yotsatirayi: kwa mfundo iliyonse munthu m'munda magetsi chiŵerengero cha mphamvu amagwiritsa ntchito pa mlandu mayeso ukulu wa mlandu uwu ndi zonse mosasamala mtengo wa mtengo mayeso.

Kuchokera pamenepa, ndizoonekeratu kuti phindu la chiŵerengero izi amadziwika munda magetsi mu iliyonse ya mfundo zake. Phindu limene kuwayeza chiŵerengero cha mphamvu amagwiritsa ntchito pa mlandu zabwino anayikidwa pa mfundo za kumunda, kukula ndi mlandu kwa magetsi kumunda mphamvu:

E = F / q1.

Ndi, monga momwe tikuonera bwino tanthauzo lake, wofanana mphamvu amene amachita pa unit wa mtengo zabwino anayikidwa pa mfundo inayake ya m'munda.

Unit mwamphamvu za kuthengo magetsi kulandira munda mwamphamvu kuchita mlandu kukula kwa wagawo wina ndi mphamvu electrostatic wa dyne wina. wagawo akutchedwa electrostatic mtheradi unit wa mavuto.

Kudziwa magetsi kumunda mphamvu ya iliyonse Q mfundo mlandu pa mfundo zongopeka m'munda wa paja kuti ndi wosiyana izo ndi mtunda r1, izi adzaikidwe mu wopondereza mfundo mayeso mlandu q1 ndi kuwerengera mphamvu Fa, amene amachita pa mankhwala (zingalowe).

Malinga ndi chilamulo Coulomb ndi :

Fa = (q1q) / r²₁.

Ngati timatenga chiŵerengero cha mphamvu bwanji mlandu kwa mtengo q1 ake, n'zotheka kuwerengera munda magetsi a mavuto pa mfundo A:

EA = Q / r²₁.

Mungapezeponso mphamvu wopondereza mfundo B; izo kukhala wolingana:

Eb = Q / r²₂.

Choncho, magetsi kumunda mphamvu ya mtengo mfundo mfundo makamaka za kuthengo (mu vacuo) kukhala mwachindunji njila kwa kukula mlandu ndi inversely njila kwa lalikulu la mtunda pakati pa mfundo iyi ndi mlandu.

Mphamvu kumunda akutumikira monga makhalidwe ake mphamvu. Pozindikira pa Msikiti wa kumunda E, n'zosavuta kuwerengera ndi mmene F, kuchita mlandu Q pa mfundo wapatsidwa;

F = qE.

The magetsi kumunda - vekitala kuchuluka. Malangizo mavuto mfundo zenizeni kumunda ali pamodzi ndi malangizo a mphamvu amagwiritsa ntchito pa mlandu zabwino anaikidwa mfundo.

Mu mapangidwe munda milandu zingapo: q1 ndi q2 - mphamvu E nthawi imene A wa munda adzakhala wofanana ndi ndalama zojambula za E1 ndi E2 mavuto analengedwa pa mfundo anapatsidwa payokha anapatsa q1 ndi q2.

Munda magetsi nthawi imene akhoza anasonyeza momveka ndi gawo analamula kuti limachokera ku mfundo imeneyi, chimodzimodzi mphamvu chifaniziro zedi ena vekitala.