20 kwa amino zidulo a kachitidwe, dzina tebulo

Si chinsinsi chakuti munthu amafunikira mapuloteni kuti akhalebe ndi ntchito yofunikira pamtunda wapamwamba - mtundu wa zomangira thupi; Mapuloteniwa ali ndi 20 amino acid, omwe maina awo sangathe kunena chinachake kwa wogwira ntchito kuntchito. Aliyense, makamaka ngati timalankhula za amayi, kamodzi kamve kanamva za collagen ndi keratin - awa ndi mapuloteni omwe amachititsa maonekedwe a misomali, khungu ndi tsitsi.

Amino acid - ndi chiyani?

Amino acids (kapena aminocarboxylic acid, AMC, peptides) ndi mankhwala, ndipo 16% amapangidwa ndi amines - mankhwala ochokera ku ammonium, omwe amawasiyanitsa ndi chakudya ndi lipids. Amachita nawo biosynthesis ya mapuloteni ndi thupi: m'thupi la pansi, motsogoleredwa ndi michere, mapuloteni onse omwe amabwera ndi chakudya amawonongedwa pamaso pa AMC. Zonsezi zilipo pafupifupi 200 pa peptide m'chilengedwe, koma 20 zokha za amino acid zimagwira nawo ntchito yomanga thupi la munthu, lomwe ligawanika kukhala losasinthika komanso losasinthika; Nthaŵi zina pali mtundu wachitatu - wosasinthika (wovomerezeka m'malo mwake).

Mitengo ya amino yosinthika

Zomwe zimapangidwanso ndizo ma amino acid omwe amadya ndi chakudya, ndipo amatulutsidwa mwachindunji m'thupi la munthu kuchokera ku zinthu zina.

• Alanine ndi monomer wa mitundu yambiri yamagulu ndi mapuloteni. Kutulutsa imodzi mwa njira zazikulu za glucogenesis, ndiko kuti, m'chiwindi chimasanduka mtundu wa shuga, komanso mosiyana. Kuchita nawo mbali kwambiri mu njira zamagetsi mu thupi.
• Arginine - AMK, wokhoza kupanga thupi la munthu wamkulu, koma sangathe kupanga kapangidwe ka thupi la mwana. Amalimbikitsa kupanga mahomoni owonjezereka ndi ena. Kokha konyamula mankhwala a nayitrogeni mu thupi. Amathandizira kuwonjezeka kwa minofu ndi kuchepetsa mafuta.
• Katsitsumzukwa ndi peptide yomwe imagwira ntchito mumtambo wa nayitrogeni. Pa zomwe anachita ndi enzyme, asparaginase imagwira ammonium ndipo imasanduka katsitsumzukwa asidi.
• Aspartic acid - amagwira nawo ntchito yolenga immunoglobulin, amasiya ammonia. Ndikofunikira kulephera kuntchito ya mantha ndi zamaganizo.
• Histidine - yogwiritsidwa ntchito popewera ndi kuchiza matenda a m'mimba; Ali ndi mphamvu yolimbana ndi Edzi. Zimateteza thupi ku zotsatira zovulaza.
• Glycine ndi mpweya wa amino acid wa neurotransmitter. Amagwiritsiridwa ntchito ngati wochepetsetsa pang'ono komanso wodetsa nkhaŵa. Amalimbitsa mankhwala a nootropic.
• Glutamine - mu buku lalikulu ndi gawo la hemoglobini. Kugwiritsa ntchito njira zopangira minofu.
• Glutamic acid - imakhala ndi mpweya wabwino, komanso imayambitsa njira zamagetsi zamkatikati.
• Proline - ndi imodzi mwa zigawo za pafupifupi mapuloteni onse. Amakhala olemera makamaka mu elastin ndi collagen, omwe amachititsa kuti khungu likhale lofewa.
• Serin - AMK, yomwe ili mu neurons ya ubongo, komanso imathandizira kugawa mphamvu zochuluka. Ndichochokera ku glycine.
• Tyrosine ndi mbali ya ziwalo za nyama ndi zomera. Angatengedwenso kuchokera ku phenylalanine pansi pa ntchito ya enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase; Zomwe zimachitika sizichitika.
• Cysteine ndi chimodzi mwa zigawo za keratin, zomwe zimayambitsa kutsika kwa tsitsi, misomali, ndi khungu. Ndi antioxidant. Zitha kupangidwa kuchokera ku serine.

Amino zidulo, zomwe sizingathe kupanga kapangidwe kameneka m'thupi, sizingatheke

Mitundu ya amino acid irreplaceable ndi yomwe silingathe kupangidwa m'thupi la munthu ndipo ikhoza kubwera ndi chakudya.

• Valine - AMK, yomwe ili pafupi pafupifupi mapuloteni onse. Kuwonjezera kuyanjana kwa minofu ndi kuchepetsa kutengeka kwa thupi mpaka kusintha kwa kutentha. Amathandiza serotonin m'madzi apamwamba.
• Isoleucine ndi mtundu wa anabolic wachibadwa, umene, panthawi ya okosijeni, umapangitsa mphamvu za minofu ndi ubongo.
• Leucine ndi amino acid yomwe imathandiza kuti thupi liziyenda bwino. Ndi mtundu wa "womanga" wa mapuloteni.
• Ma AMC atatuwa ndi mbali ya zovuta zomwe zimatchedwa BCAA, zomwe makamaka zimafunikira pakati pa othamanga. Zomwe gulu lino limagwiritsa ntchito zimakhala ngati zowonjezera mphamvu ya minofu, kuchepa kwa mafuta ndi kukhala ndi thanzi labwino ndi kulimbitsa thupi mwakhama.
• Lysine ndi peptide yomwe ikufulumizitsa kusintha kwa makoswe, kupanga mahomoni, mavitamini ndi ma antibodies. Chifukwa cha mphamvu ya ziwiyazo, ziri mu mapuloteni a minofu ndi collagen.
• Methionine - ikuphatikizidwa mu kaphatikizidwe ka choline, kusowa kwa zomwe zingachititse kuwonjezeka kwa mafuta m'chiwindi.
• Threonine - amapereka zotupa ndi mphamvu ya tendons. Zimakhudza kwambiri mtima wa minofu ndi dzino lachitsulo.
• Tryptophan - imathandiza maganizo, monga thupi limasinthidwa kukhala serotonin. Ndizosasinthika ndi kuvutika maganizo ndi mavuto ena a maganizo.
• Phenylalanine imathandizira maonekedwe a khungu, normalizing pigmentation. Zimathandizira ubwino wa maganizo, zimasintha maganizo ndipo zimabweretsa chidziwitso.

Njira zina zogawa mapeptidi

Scientifically, 20 zofunika amino zidulo amagawanika, pogwiritsa ntchito polarity ya mbali yawo yachindunji, ndiko kuti, zovuta. Motero, magulu anayi amasiyanitsa: osakhalapo, polar (koma osayesedwa), amaimbidwa mlandu ndi otsutsa.

Osati polar ndi: valine, alanine, leucine, isoleucine, methionine, glycine, tryptophan, phenylalanine, proline. Komanso, katsitsumzukwa ndi glutamic acid zimatchulidwa ngati polar omwe ali ndi vuto loipa. Ma cell polar ali ndi ndalama zabwino amatchedwa arginine, histidine, lysine. Kwa amino acid, omwe ali ndi polarity, koma alibe malipiro, amaphatikizapo cysteine, glutamine, serine, tyrosine, threonine, asparagine.

20 amino acid: ma formula (tebulo)

Malinga ndi izi, zikhoza kuzindikiranso kuti mavitamini 20 amino (ma formula omwe ali pamwambapa) ali ndi carbon, hydrogen, nayitrogeni ndi oksijeni.

Amino acid: kutenga nawo mbali mu selo

Aminocarboxylic acid zimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'thupi mwa mapuloteni. Mapuloteni biosynthesis ndi njira yopangira polypeptide ("poly" - zambiri) mndandanda wa zotsalira za amino acid. Izi zimachitika pa ribosome - bungwe la mkati mkati mwa selo limayang'aniridwa ndi biosynthesis.

Chidziwitso chimawerengedwa kuchokera kumagulu a DNA mogwirizana ndi mfundo yothandizira (A-T, TS-G), pakupanga mRNA (ma RNA, kapena RNA - mauthenga a RNA - malingaliro ofanana mofanana), maziko a nitrogen a thymine amalowetsedwa ndi uracil. Komanso, molingana ndi mfundo yomweyi, tRNA (transport RNA) imapangidwa, yomwe imasamutsa mamolekyu amino acid kumalo osakanikirana. T-RNA imadodometsedwa ndi katatu (codon) (chitsanzo: UAU), ndipo ngati mudziwa kuti mabotolo a nitrogen ndi otani, mungathe kudziwa kuti amino acid ndi yotani.

Magulu odyera omwe ali ndi AMC okhutira kwambiri

Mu mkaka ndi mazira ndi zinthu zofunika monga valine, leucine, isoleucine, arginine, tryptophan, methionine ndi phenylalanine. Nsomba, nyama yoyera imakhala ndi zam'mwamba kwambiri, leucine, isoleucine, histidine, methionine, lysine, phenylalanine, tryptophan. Mitengo, tirigu ndi tirigu ndi olemera, leucine, isoleucine, tryptophan, methionine, threonine, methionine. Mtedza ndi mbewu zosiyanasiyana zidzadzaza thupi ndi threonine, isoleucine, lysine, arginine ndi histidine.

M'munsimu muli zinthu zamamino acid m'zinthu zina.

Mankhwala ambiri a tryptophan ndi methionine amapezeka mu tchizi wovuta, lysine - mu nyama ya kalulu, valine, leucine, isoleucine, threonine ndi phenylalanine - mu soy. Pofuna kudya zakudya zochokera kumalo osungiramo amc, zimayenera kuonetsetsa kuti mbalamezi ndi nandolo, ndipo osauka kwambiri ponena za peptides amatha kutchedwa mbatata ndi mkaka wa ng'ombe.

Kuperewera kwa amino acid mu vegetarianism

Mfundo yakuti pali mitundu yambiri ya aminoyi yomwe imapezeka muzochokera ku zinyama ndi nthano chabe. Komanso, asayansi apeza kuti mapuloteni a chomera amapangidwa ndi thupi la munthu kuposa nyama. Komabe, posankha zamasamba monga moyo, ndikofunikira kufufuza zakudya. Vuto lalikulu ndilo mu magalamu zana a nyama ndipo mu nambala yomweyo nyemba zili ndi kuchuluka kwa AMC monga peresenti. Poyamba, m'pofunika kusunga mbiri ya amino acid mu chakudya chomwe chimawonongedwa, ndiye izi ziyenera kupita ku automatism.

Ndizichuluka bwanji zamadzi amino zomwe ndiyenera kudya tsiku lililonse

Masiku ano, chakudya chonse chimakhala ndi zakudya zofunikira kwa anthu, kotero musadandaule: mavitamini onse 20 a amino acids amachokera ku chakudya, ndipo ndalama zimenezi ndi zokwanira kwa munthu amene amatsogolera moyo wake watsopano ndi kusamalira pang'ono chakudya chake.

Zakudya za wothamanga ziyenera kukhuta ndi mapuloteni, chifukwa popanda iwo sizingatheke kumanga minofu yaikulu. Kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi kumachititsa kuti amino acid ayambe kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri, choncho opanga thupi amadzikakamiza kutenga mankhwala owonjezera. Ndi zomangamanga zowonjezera minofu, mapuloteni amatha kufika pafupifupi magalamu 100 a mapuloteni patsiku, koma zakudya zoterozo sizothandiza tsiku lililonse. Zowonjezera ku chakudya zimapereka malangizo ndi zomwe zili ndi AMC pamtingo, zomwe ziyenera kuwerengedwa musanakhale mankhwalawa.

Zotsatira za peptides pa umoyo wa munthu wamba

Chosowa cha mapuloteni sichipezeka pakati pa othamanga chabe. Mwachitsanzo, mapuloteni elastin, keratin, collagen amakhudza maonekedwe a tsitsi, khungu, misomali, komanso kusintha kwa ziwalo. Mavitamini ambiri amino amachititsa kuti thupi liziyenda bwino, kusunga mafuta pa mlingo woyenera, kupereka mphamvu zokwanira pa moyo wa tsiku ndi tsiku. Ndipotu, pakuchita ntchito yofunika kwambiri, ngakhale mu njira yopitilira moyo, mphamvu imayendetsedwa, makamaka pakuzindikira kupuma. Kuwonjezera apo, zochitika zamaganizo sizingatheke ndi kusowa kwa mapeptidi ena; Kusungidwa kwa dziko la maganizo kumaphatikizapo kuphatikizapo AMK.

Amino zidulo ndi masewera

Zakudya za ochita masewera olimbitsa thupi zimaphatikizapo zakudya zopatsa thanzi zomwe zimathandiza kukhala ndi minofu. Maofesi a amino acid amapangidwa makamaka kwa othamanga omwe amagwira ntchito ya minofu amachititsa moyo kukhala wosavuta.

Monga momwe zinalembedwera kale, amino acid ndizofunikira zomangira mapuloteni oyenerera kukula kwa minofu. Iwo amatha kupititsa patsogolo kagayidwe kake ka mafuta ndi kutentha mafuta, omwe ndi ofunika kwambiri kwa mpumulo wabwino wa minofu. Ndi kuphunzitsidwa mwakhama, m'pofunika kuonjezera kudya kwa AMC chifukwa amachulukitsa kuchuluka kwa minofu ndi kuchepetsa ululu pambuyo pa maphunziro.

20 amino acid mu mapuloteni akhoza kudyedwa ponseponse mu maofesi a aminocarbon ndi chakudya. Ngati mumasankha kudya zakudya zoyenera, muyenera kuganizira zonse grammovki, zomwe zimakhala zovuta kuzimitsa ndi ntchito yaikulu ya tsikulo.

Chimachitika ndi thupi la munthu ngati pali kusowa kapena kuchuluka kwa amino acid

Zizindikiro zikuluzikulu za kusowa kwa amino acid ndizo: kufooka kwabwino, kusowa kwa kudya, misomali yowola, kuwonjezeka kutopa. Ngakhale ndi AMC imodzi, zimakhala zowawa zambiri, zomwe zimapweteketsa bwino ubwino ndi zokolola.

Kuwonjezera-kukhutira ndi amino acid kungachititse kuphwanya mu ntchito ya mtima ndi zamanjenje, zomwe sizingakhale zoopsa. Zizindikiro zofanana ndi poizoni wa zakudya zingawonekere, zomwe sizikutanthauza chilichonse chosangalatsa.

Muzinthu zonse muyenera kudziwa chiyeso, kotero kugwirizana ndi moyo wathanzi sayenera kutsogolera zinthu zina zothandiza m'thupi. Monga momwe olemba akale adalembera, "wabwino ndi mdani wa zabwino."

M'nkhaniyi tinaganizira mayina ndi maina onse a amino acid 20, tebulo la zomwe zili pamwamba pa mankhwalawa amaperekedwa pamwambapa.