Arabic manambala. Origin, phindu

Arabic mawerengero - ndi zizindikiro khumi masamu ndi amene analemba zosiyanasiyana. Iwo amayang'ana motere: 0 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9. Chiwerengerochi anaonekera mu Europe mu X-XIII zaka. Masiku ano, m'mayiko ambiri ntchito manambala Arabic kulemba chiwerengero cha ntchito mu decimal dongosolo chiwerengero. Magwero a mawerengero Arabic akadali sakudziwika bwinobwino. Asayansi ena amakhulupirira kuti mawerengero Arabic anabwera kwa ife ku India mu V m'ma BC, koma anakhala zikomo ambiri otchuka Arab katswiri al-Khwarizmi, amene chimagwiritsidwa atchukitsa iwo. otchuka kwambiri padziko lonse ili wasayansi anali mlembi lonena "Kitab al-Jabr wa-al-Muqabala". Kuti dzina la buku limeneli, ndipo panali mawu akuti "ajebura", umene wakhala si monga akuti, koma sayansi, popanda zomwe n'zosatheka kuganizira za moyo wathu.

The mawerengero Arabic zinali zofunika anthu a mayiko achisilamu ndipo akatswiri woyengeka. Za mazana asanu, manambala awa ali makamaka ntchito ndi Aluya. Ndi thandizo lawo, asayansi akale atha kukwaniritsa pikhabuluka ajebura, masamu ndi zina sayansi yeniyeni, pamene Europe likumira zambiri umbuli ndi obscurantism.

Magwero a mawerengero Arabic ku Ulaya chifukwa chakuti pa dera la makono Spain coexisted limati awiri - ndi Barcelona County Mkhristu ndi Muslim Caliphate wa Cordoba. Sylvester II wa mtsogoleri wakale wa Mpingo wa Chikhristu ku 999 kwa 1003, anali munthu modabwitsa ophunzira ndi wasayansi kwambiri. Iye anakhoza kupeza kwa azungu kukwaniritsa Aarabu zakuthambo ndi masamu. Ngakhale ndinali mmonke wophweka, iye ankalowa mabuku Arab sayansi ndi Mfundo. Sylvester II wacheukira kuwachepetsera ntchito manambala Arabic ndipo anayamba intensively kulimbikitsa iwo mu Europe. Uyu zapadera yomweyo anacheukira anthu ubwino ndithu kuti mawerengero Arabic poyerekeza ndi Roman, ankagwiritsa ntchito mu masiku amenewo mu Europe.

Osati anthu a ku Ulaya pafupifupi ochulukaŵa mtengo sayansi zinthu ngati zimenezi. Panapita zaka zitatu manambala anthu anayamba kugwiritsa ntchito ndipo anapambana kutchuka konsekonse. Koma pambuyo kanjedza Arab zachitika awo Ulaya, ndi oyambirira Kubadwa Kwatsopano. Ndi kumayambiriro mawerengero Arabic chinayamba masamu ndi sayansi, zakuthambo ndi madera. sayansi European ali yaikulu kutsogolera zatsopano chitukuko zina.

N'chifukwa chiyani mawerengero Arabic ndi chizindikiro? Pali kungoganizira kuti iwo amapangidwa ndi zigawo molunjika mzere, ndipo chiwerengero cha ngodya ndi chimodzimodzi chithunzi yokha. Mwachitsanzo, ziro alibe ngodya, ndi kulemba kanjedza mawonekedwe 1 - wina ngodya 2 - tichipeza kumathandiza kupeza ngodya ziwiri, etc. Pa nthawi, angelo ndi manambala anapeza ankawachotsera panopa mwachizolowezi mawonekedwe ... Izi, kumene, chidwi kungoganizira, koma si ndi choonadi chenicheni.

Pa funso la mmene anthu anabwera ndi mawerengero Arabic, yankho si kophweka. Asayansi timakonda mukukhulupirira izo, nthawi zambiri, iwo akulemba kuti Aluya ku India, komwe chizindikiro likufanana kwambiri kanjedza ano. Ilo liri mu Indian chida zaka V-IX, asayansi apeza mbiri maonekedwe ake chokhala kanjedza ano.

Kodi kanjedza Indian osandulika mwa Arabic? Arab pambuyo kugwa kwa Ufumu wa Roma mu BC V atumwi. e. intensively malonda ndi India ndi pamodzi ndi zonunkhira, zonunkhira ndi miyala yamtengo wapatali anabweretsa kanjedza latsopano limene linadzatchedwa Arab pakatha woyengedwa ndi atchukitsa ndi Aluya. Choncho, funso zimene anthu anabwera ndi mawerengero Arabic, udakalipo.