Gulu mwadzina mkhalidwe: zitsanzo. mitundu ya predicates

M'nkhani ino tikambirana za mitundu ya predicates, wokhala pa dzina la pawiri ndi Mitsemphayi ake, apereke zitsanzo.

Monga amadziwika, chifukwa kalembedwe onse maganizo oterewa ndi mkhalidwe ndi phunziro - mamembala chachikulu. Mkhalidwe zambiri zogwirizana mu nkhope, jenda ndi chiwerengero ndi nkhaniyi. Iwo akufotokoza tanthauzo kalembedwe wa zimasonyeza, kuyesetsa kapena makonzedwe a maganizo.

The mitundu ikuluikulu ya predicates:

1) yosavuta mneni;

2) pawiri mneni;

3) a gulu mwadzina mkhalidwe (zitsanzo onani m'munsimu).

Ziwiri za mfundo za Kugawilidwa kwanthaka wa mitundu ya predicates

Iwo agawidwa mfundo ziwiri. Mitundu ya predicates anawagawira motere:

1) zikuchokera;

2) awo chikhalidwe morphological.

Mbali yoyamba anapambulwa mitundu monga yosavuta gulu. Yotsirizira zikuphatikizapo pawiri mneni ndi predicates mwadzina. Amatsatira mfundo yachiwiri, kusiyanitsa mwadzina ndi mawu. Predicative tingasonyezere ndi adjectives, manauni ndi adverbs. Izi fission intersect. Mwachitsanzo, angapo kapena wosakwatiwa kungakhale wapakamwa mkhalidwe, ndicho nthawi limapereka.

A wapakamwa mkhalidwe yosavuta

A wapakamwa mkhalidwe yosavuta, tanthauzo la zomwe, monga mudzaona, ali zina zabwino anafotokoza conjugated anawagwiritsa kuti ntchito lokhala wosasangalala mawonekedwe (zimasonyeza, makonzedwe ndi kuyesetsa). Komanso iye ankachitira mipata imeneyi, yomwe alibe mwamwambo mbiri nthawi, maganizo ndi subordination wa nkhaniyi. Izi truncated mtundu wa mneni amene (kokwanira, Bam ndi zina zotero. D.), Ndipo infinitive, ntchito mtengo zimasonyeza maganizo. Komanso, losavuta mkhalidwe mneni akhoza umaimiridwa ndi mawu idiomatic, komanso mawonekedwe conjugated wa mneni + modal tinthu (tiyeni inde, kuyamba, ngakhale, ngati Komabe, chimodzimodzi ngati chabe neri Al.)

Gulu mwadzina mkhalidwe

Monga zanenedwa, nthawi zonse ndi mtundu wa pawiri, kuphatikizapo milandu kumene kuli mmodzi yekha mawu mawonekedwe. Ngakhale kuti mawu amene akufotokoza imodzi yokha, mu maganizo amenewa ndi gulu mwadzina mkhalidwe. Zitsanzo amapatsidwa motere: ". Iye wamng'ono, iye wakhudzidwa ndi ntchito, amasamala".

predicates amenewa nthawi zonse zigawo ziwiri alipo. Choyamba - ichi ndi gulu chimene chimaonetsa magawo predicative nthawi ndi modality. The chachiwiri - ndi prisvyazochnaya gawo mmenemo anasonyeza weniweni waukulu zili mtundu mkhalidwe.

Gulu mu gulu mwadzina mkhalidwe

Chiphunzitso cha gulu mu Russian sayansi ya malembedwe anayamba mwatsatanetsatane. The peculiarity a njira ya makolo ndi kuti mawuwa ambiri ankamva. A gulu la munazipereka, wotchedwa mawu akuti "kukhala" phindu yokha - limasonyeza nthawi ndi modality. Kachiwiri, amatchedwa kasewenzetsedwe ka mau ndi kusinthidwa ndi wofooka kumlingo phindu limene kufotokoza osati potengera mkhalidwe, komanso kuti aganyali zili kwenikweni ndi mkhalidwe.

Yerekezerani Zitsanzo: zinali zachisoni - ankaoneka ngati (kukhala) chachisoni - anabwerera chisoni.

Mawu oyambirira a gulu la "kukhala" chabe, ndi ntchito mawu, formant, muli mitundu kalembedwe wa mantha ndiponso maganizo, ndilo khalidwe la mneni. Komabe, si mneni, chifukwa alibe kanthu choipa kapena mbali, ndi mtundu gulu lomwe lili lirilonse la awa.

Chochititsa chidwi ndi poluznamenatelnye mitsempha

Mu zitsanzo zina, mtundu wina wa binder anapereka - ndi poluznamenatelnye chidwi. Recent kubweretsa phindu yatsoka chikhumbo (kuti / kukhala), adzaupulumutsa (kukhala / kukhala), kunja kudziwika (phokoso / kulira), kulolerana TV Link (pochitika / pochitika kwa kuitanidwa, tikambirana) mu gulu mwadzina mkhalidwe.

Zitsanzo zotsatirazi: adali wochenjera - iye anali wanzeru - ankaoneka wochenjera - adadziwika wanzeru.

Mitsemphayi chidwi ndi kasewenzetsedwe ka mau ndi zina mtengo yeniyeni (makamaka zikusonyeza gulu kapena kukhala mu mkhalidwe makamaka). Iwo amatha kutenga pa nauni aliyense mu mp ndi makhalidwe Mkhalidwe wa mtengo kapena adjective mawonekedwe mp kapena IP

Maganizo ndi gulu mwadzina mkhalidwe ndi Mitsemphayi kwambiri akhoza tchulani zotsatirazi:

1. Iye anadza njala (njala).

2. Anyamata tomboy.

A gulu la "kukhala"

Mtolo "kukhala", kukhala umboni, si zimasonyeza maganizo a mtundu nthawi ino, kotero mawu ake mu mtima umenewu kwambiri pakalibe Mitsemphayi. ntchito zoterezi, oddly mokwanira, komanso ndi gulu mwadzina mkhalidwe. zitsanzo:

1. Nkhani anayambitsa pachabe.

2. madzulo ndi zodabwitsa.

3. msewu ndi wabwino.

Kuyenera siyanitsa ndi gulu la mawu akuti "kukhala" lomwe lili ndi matanthauzo awiri:

1. Kukhala kupezeka (tinali zisudzo Pa nthawi kuti panali zithunzi zambiri.).

2. Khalani (mlongo The anali chidole).

Mitolo "Chikondi" ndi ""

Mawu "Chikondi" ndi "", zapakati mawonekedwe wachitatu wa nthawi ino, munthu wa mneni "kukhala" m'chilankhulo ano, tikambirana mawu wothandiza - ndicho particles.

Chosowa Mitsemphayi otchedwa mawonekedwe ake ziro. tanthauzo limeneli anakonza A. M. Peshkovsky, anali kuyesa poyamba kuphunzira zochitika za malembedwe mu mbali paradigmatic. Mawu oyamba a mfundo izi zikutanthauza kuti malembedwe ya (ie predicative chifukwa cha dzina lokha mbali ziwiri maganizo) amaphunzira osati monga payekhapayekha, ndi mu mzere wina. Izi zikufotokozeredwa ndi zitsanzo zotsatirazi:

1. Street ndi (anali) kudzaza.

2. msewu Tingakhale.

3. Street kudzaza.

Pawiri wapakamwa mkhalidwe

Takambiranazi mitundu ya predicates, monga maina yosavuta mneni ndi pawiri. Tsopano tiyeni tikambirane mwatsatanetsatane pawiri wapakamwa mkhalidwe. Amakhala ndi zigawo ziwiri - ndi infinitive ndi inflected anawagwiritsa. mawonekedwe Last kalembedwe ndi lexical tanthauzo akufotokoza wosakhalitsa, modal ndi aspectual makhalidwe a kanthu, chimene akusonyeza infinitive ndi. Infinitive yokha akhoza angagwirizanitse kasewenzetsedwe ka mau yoperekedwa kwa magulu angapo zamalankhulidwe (monga ntchito, ndinayamba ntchito, kubwera kwa ntchito, anakakamizika ntchito).

The malamulo kudziŵa gulu wapakamwa mkhalidwe

Mkhalidwe, malinga ndi miyambo ya kalembedwe - si ubale ndi infinitive mawonekedwe a conjugated. Kuti athe kulankhula za izo, kuti izi ziwiri zofunika:

1. infinitive mu mkhalidwe uyu alibe kutanthauza kanthu, koma chinthu zina, mofanana ndi Conjugated anawagwiritsa, imeneyo ndi nkhani wotchedwa mutu.

Zitsanzo ndi zotsatira izi. Pa dzanja limodzi - anafuna ntchito, iye anayamba kugwira ntchito, mukhoza ntchito, sangathe kugwira ntchito. Pa zina - makolo anapanga ntchito, onse anafunsidwa kuimba kwa Mkazi, Mutu analamula kuti agwire ntchitoyo. Mbali yoyamba, mmene pawiri umaimiridwa ndi predicates mneni, infinitive otchedwa subjectivity, chifukwa anam'patsa zimene chenicheni, zofanana ndi za Conjugated anawagwiritsa. Ngati chachiwiri pali chinthu infinitive, lomwe kale sizipanga gawo la mkhalidwe, ndi kuyankhula kwa iye monga mamembala wachiwiri.

2. Kudziwa ku malire mkhalidwe, ayenera kuganizira chikhalidwe cha omwe ali asapita zamalankhulidwe pakati pa infinitive ndi conjugated anawagwiritsa. Infinitive ndi mtengo wa chandamale sikuphatikizidwa mu izo. ndi chofunika kwambiri lili kwa kasewenzetsedwe ka mau osiyana za kayendedwe: kudzagwira ntchito, eluta, anathamanga tikupeza kuti iwo anatumiza kuti tipeze. Infinitive cholinga (zimenezi, monga momwe tikuonera bwino zitsanzo, ngati chinthu, ndi subjectivity) - ndi membala zazing'ono. Mkhalidwe tiyenera kuziganizira yekha pawiri kasewenzetsedwe ka mau infinitive, ambiri amatengeka ndi phindu (modal ndi gawo).

Pawiri wapakamwa mkhalidwe, motero limatanthauza kuti zochita za mbali procedural, amene amakhala mu aspectuality (anagwirizana) kapena modal (ngati ntchito) dongosolo, kapena imodzi mwa onse a iwo (ankafuna kuti ayambe kugwira ntchito).

Takambirana pa mitundu ikuluikulu ya predicates kupereka mfundo dzina la gulu ndi Mitsemphayi osiyanasiyana amene alipo mu izo. Imeneyi ndi mwachidule za nkhaniyi, zambiri mungazipeze aliyense malembedwe buku galamala gawo.