Sezar Frank: yonena, zithunzi ndi mfundo zosangalatsa

Waukulu, zachilendo, chosiyana umunthu mu French ndi dziko nyimbo - Sezar Frank. Romain Rolland kuika mu kamwa ya ngwazi wake, Jean-Christophe mawu a poyamikira munthu. Iye akukhulupirira kuti Frank anali kumwamba, woyera nyimbo, amene anamupatsa iye mwayi ndi mphamvu yokwaniritsa mwa moyo, mosasamala kanthu za mavuto osatha ndi kunyozedwa ndi ntchito zonse, zikumveka mtima ndi miyoyo amantha. Ndipo chotero, kumwetulira ndi wodzichepetsa kuwala bwino zidawala ntchito yake.

ubwana

Sezar Frank anabadwa mu German-Belgium banja mu 1822, pa 10 December. Bambo wa wolemba tsogolo a banja wakale wa amisiri Flemish mwa bwalo. Mwina n'chifukwa chake posakhalitsa ndinazindikira talente yapaderayi mwana wake. Koma chinayambira ku khalidwe lake aluso zachuma chinachititsa bambo wake ntchito yaing'ono mphatso Frank kwa zasungidwa bwino.

Ndili ndi zaka eyiti César akulowa inali mzinda wa Liege, imene limba ndi kalasi maphunziro khutu maphunziro ulemu zaka zinayi zokha. Mu 1835, tsogolo wakhala limba pa wotchuka pulofesa wa mogwirizana Dassuanya nyimbo.

Atate, chidwi ndi zofunika wosangalatsa wa mwana wake anasiya 1835 kuti iye zoimbaimba ochepa Aachen (mayi ake mumzinda), Liege ndi Brussels.

Paris. Bwino loyamba

Pakutha 1835, banja lawo linasamukira ku likulu French. Apa woimba wamng'ono patapita zaka ziwiri pandekha pa wotchuka Professor A. Reicha akulowa Conservatory (1837). Ndipo alibe unzika wa Republic French, Cesar anali analembetsa kukhala zosiyana, koma Ferenc Liszt pachifukwa chomwechi kwa zaka zingapo ndipo sakuvomereza.

Kuyambira ndi 1838 Sezar Frank chaka chilichonse pa mayesero maphunziro makalasi limba, limba, counterpoint ndipo analandira mphoto. Wa mpikisano woimba Rome Prize anakana kukhonda bambo anabwerera ku Belgium, kumene nthawi yaitali anapereka zoimbaimba ngati limba katswiri, kawirikawiri monga limba ndi.

Pa nthawi yomweyo, pali ntchito zoyamba zoimbira za Cesar. Mu 1943 - limba atatu ndipo zithunzi patapita nthawi tsogolo la oratorio "Ruth".

chaka okulira

Mtundu kunja kwa wolemba zinali kwambiri kwa Republic Chachisanu ndi chaka - 1848. Nthawi imeneyi, Cesar waives konsati ntchito kuthetsa kwambiri za kulemba ndi kukwatiwa. anakonda Felicite wake de A Musso - mwana wa zisudzo otchuka muholo ya sewero lanthabwala French.

An mwangozi chidwi n'chakuti tsiku la ukwati ndi chiyambi cha ulimi - 22 February. Angolowa kumene m'banja ngakhale "mwayi" - ndinaganiza zosamukira ukwati chionetsero mwa okwatiranawo zigawenga zambiri.

Kusamalira banja lake, Cesar kupereka pandekha osatha. manyuzipepala ambiri akhoza kuwerenga analengeza kuti a pempholo kupereka phunziro la mogwirizana ongolankhula ndi zothandiza, komanso limba, counterpoint ndi fugue. Izi yotopetsa, kukhetsa ntchito tsiku ankabwerera mpaka imfa yake m'lingaliro lenileni la mawu. Kupita kwa wophunzira lotsatira, Wolemba, anyalanyaza ndi omnibus, inali yopweteka imene kenako anamwalira.

Flemish makhalidwe

Ambiri mwina, iye anapereka chidaliro zilizonse kukoma mtima, chimene chinapangitsa chisoni wosatha wa mbadwo wake, ndi ana. mavuto onse a moyo, kugwa pa cholowa chake, sudakhoza a uzimu a Cesar. Kokayenda kuyenda kwa ophunzira ake Wolemba mwaganizapo zothandiza n'kulola thanzi, ankam'fooketsa holo mu ntchito ya chilengedwe chake ankaona kuti mwansangala. Wolemba anali ndi mwayi wokhala ndi kuilandira zonse, ngakhale zinthu zosasangalatsa.

Sezar Frank (mbiri yake - umboni) zinali zolondola, udindo, wopatsa bata ndi aakulu, ngakhale kuti aliyense wa m'masiku ake wonyong'onya: pa hafu pasiti folo wolemba anadzuka, ndiye awiri koloko "ntchito pa" (as anaitana nthawi zilandiridwenso ), seveni koloko anali kale pa phunziro loyamba. Frank anali kunyumba okha chakudya. Ndipo ngati, atakhala magawo inakonzedwa, ndiye ndibwerezanso nthaŵi mabuku awo. Chotero ntchito chosadzikonda si chifukwa cha chuma, koma chifukwa cha moyo wake, ntchito ndi kudzipereka kwa anzake kuposa akhale mmisiri abwenzi a Wolemba lotchedwa feat.

Ungwiro amadziwa palibe malire

Patapita zaka zingapo, Frank, samvera kwa atate wake anatumiza ku likulu French. Apa Atamaliza "Anamveka pa Hill" - ndakatulo symphonic zochokera ntchito za Victor Hugo, ndi undertakes ntchito yaikulu pa opera, amene adayitana "Mtumiki za lendi."

Mu 1853, Frank Sezar anatengera limba ku mpingo wa Saint-Jean-Saint-Fransua Dyu Marais. Umayamba nthawi ya kusintha. Wolemba masiku angapo timapitiriza ntchito luso, womwe ndi njira ya chiwalo improvisation ndi pedals.

Kumayambiriro kwa mwezi watha cha 1859, khama lake anadalitsidwa: Mpingo wa Santa Clotilde anam'patsa kusewera watsopano, kokha anamaliza thupi la ntchito ya wotchuka Aristide Cavaillé-Coll. Pakuti chida ichi Sezar Frank anakhala masiku onse a moyo wake.

French nzika

Mu 1871, Frank wotwaliwa kwa kutenga kalasi limba patsogolo, amene anasiya Fransua Benua. Chokha chinali French nzika, amene Cesar ndi kutengedwa. Pakati yozizira mu 1872, Frank anakhala mtsogoleri boma la kalasi - pulofesa wa limba kuposa anaika mwambo yaitali, kenako amatchedwa "mwambo waukulu." Ndipo ngati inali ya kwenikweni lolunjika pa opera, wolemba Frank kalasi anakhala kalasi. Kudakondweretsa ophunzitsidwa osati ophunzira analembetsa mu bungwe maphunziro, komanso Auditor, amene anatenga njira zina zatsopano kuphunzira, mfundo ya zilandiridwenso Beethoven ndi Bach.

Pakati pa ana ambiri Cesar organists odziwika padziko lonse, kuphatikizapo Guy Roparts, Ernest Chausson, Vincent d'Indy ndi ena.

Kuzindikila

zinafika mlengi wa mochedwa kwambiri. Only mu 1885 wolemba wotchuka limba, analandira mphoto kwa Legiyo Ulemu, ndipo patatha chaka chimodzi anaikidwa pulezidenti wa National Music Society.

dziko ndi kuzindikira anabwera atamwalira wolemba a. Ndipo lero, nyimbo Sezara Franka ndi chidwi moyo.

cholowa kwambiri

Kuyambira 1874 kuika woyamba wa mankhwala a mitundu yosiyana ndi Mitundu analenga Sezar Frank. Kusiyana fugue, oratory zambiri, nyimbo limba, limba, chipinda ndi ensembles ena.

zaka Student sankawabisira m'zinthu angapo Kusiyana kwa limba. Otsutsa ndikukhulupirira kuti nkhabe kuwonjezera zambiri monga nyimbo, koma kusonyeza zosiyanasiyana zodabwitsa njira ya akuimba limba.

Pa nthawi yomweyo pali sonata zazikulu ndi nthetemya koyamba kwa oketsra zonse. Malinga ndi zolemba za mbiri, izo anachita ku New Orleans palibe pasanafike 1841.

Woyamba ntchito yaikulu - atatu konsati atatu (limba, cello ndi zeze), zinalembedwa 1842 ndi 1843, motero. Mwalamulo amaonedwa "woyamba opus" Wolemba. Liszt, amene anali bwenzi la Frank, anaonekera anadabwa kwambiri ndi kukhulupirika kwa gawo lotsiriza la atatu ndi mwaukali, anayesetsa achinyamata Wolemba kulalikira monga wosakwatiwa, ntchito kwathunthu. Mwa njira, Ferents List ankathandiza Cesar thandizo, kuthandiza kufalitsa.

Major ntchito, woyamba wakhala kutamandidwa akatswiri anakhala oratorio "Ruth".

Kumayambiriro '50s kunja kwa cholembera wolemba umachokera "kwa mtumiki munda" (azithunzithunzi za zisudzo) ndi "Mtima Wodziwa" (oratorio).

Mu 1869, Cesar anapanga bwino ntchito zawo, malinga ndi otsutsa - oratorio m'madera eyiti kwa makolasi, oketsra ndi soloists za "CHIPHUNZITSO."

Sezar Frank "Panis Angelikus" olembedwa mu 1872. Izi nyimbo mpingo, kukakhala mawu a pemphero Fomy Akvinskogo. "Mkate angelo" (kwa oketsra, ndondomeko ndi kolasi) pathupi ngati mbali ya misa mpingo. Komabe, anthu wotchuka kuti inali mofulumira kwambiri kuti amaona chidutswa palokha. Melody, lolembedwa ndi Cesar anabweretsa pemphero, amene anakhalako zaka zoposa 600, kutchuka lonse.

"Six Kalavani"

Icho chinali choyamba ntchito yaikulu ya Mlengi. Kwa zaka ziwiri, kuyambira 1860 mpaka 1862-TH, kulenga awo Sezar Frank. Zing'wenyeng'wenye, Fugue ndi kusintha - wathunthu palokha ntchito. Kwa iwo, wolemba anasankha chitsanzo cha Baroque triptych, bwino kudutsa mu ballad chikondi.

Mipingo kuberekana

Popeza kuti mapeto a 1879 ndipo mu 1886 Wolemba ndi walemba. Choncho analengedwa quintet kwa limba. Mothandizidwa Berlioz ndi romanticism adaona kuwala kwa ndakatulo symphonic "Asa msaki." The "ziwanda" (kwa limba ndi oketsra), Chorale, Symphonic Kusiyana kwa limba ndi Orchestra. Patapita kanthawi, chiyambi ndi aria analemba limba ndi oketsra ndi Sezar Frank. Sonata kwa zeze ndi piano analengedwa mu 1886 ndi mu mpukutu kuperekedwa kwa lalikulu ukwati mphatso woyimba zeze E. Ysaÿe. Pambuyo rehearsal mowiriza Eugene ankaimba pa mwambowu ndipo konse adagawana ndi chilengedwe chachikulu ichi kutha kwa moyo.

Mosavomereza anazindikira kuphedwa onse a zoimbaimba Conservatory mu 1889, wachita anamaliza nthetemya mu D zazing'ono. Koma iye anapitirizabe ntchito mwamphamvu ankakhulupirira mu bwino ntchito yake Sezar Frank. Nthetemya mu D Minor wakhala osati yaikulu pambuyo ntchito wotchuka ntchito Berlioz a symphonic, komanso zabwino mu theka lachiwiri la m'ma XIX.

Lake chorale limba atatu zinalembedwa. Iwo akuzindikiridwa ndi njira inanso ya technics wopeka nyimbo.

Chachikulu cha mtundu wake

Kutanthauza ntchito Cesar sitingalephere kukambapo. Iye analenga sukulu yake, amene anathandiza kuti kusintha mu French mwambo nyimbo. zolemba zake bwino kuti mzimu dziko - si opera, ndi kuti nayenso ali woyenera analemba kulenga nyimbo symphonic kuti agwirizane kalasi mkulu European mu France.

Sezar Frank (zing'wenyeng'wenye, Fugue, zinalembedwa kuti oketsra, mupatseni kumvetsa) anakweza mtundu wanyimbo kuti mlingo wa Bach. Monga Mitundu limba. Awiri akuluakulu angapo luso lake chida ichi kuvala ndime ndi wotchuka Beethoven sonatas.

oimba apadera m'nthawi ndi ophunzira Frank ankaganiza kuti iye anali mphunzitsi waluso. Malinga ndi mlengi wa nyimbo anamvetsera E. Chausson, G. Roparts, Bizet, A. Dyupak, P. Duke E. Chabrier neri Al. Wamphamvu kulemekezedwa Cesar Debussy.

Akuyimabe mu njira yapadera ya chromatic imelo Wolemba, free ndiponso yosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito iwo nonakkordov, expressiveness wa modulations ake, zachilendo mitundu ya ozungulira. Kuphunzira chinenero amgwirizano wa Cesar kunapangitsa kuti tigonjetse chito za wolemba m'tsogolo.

chidwi

Zambiri Cesar analengedwa ndi anakhalabe mu mawonekedwe pamanja. Koma nkhani ndi chinachake zosangalatsa. Mwachitsanzo, "Kodi mukumva paphiri" ndi woyamba chitsanzo kamvekedwe ndakatulo ndi enieni kuchuluka mzere. Mwa njira, pa chiwembu womwewo wa Victor Hugo List Ferents ina komanso analemba bukhu.