Mzinda umene Russia anakana asilikali Mongolian pa kulanda?

Mongol-Chitata kuwukira zingawonongeka kwambiri ndale, chuma ndi chikhalidwe chitukuko cha Russia. Nkhondo ya wongosamukasamuka Central Asia anachititsa funde la kulimbikira anthu athu. Komabe, anthu ena midzi yamalinga, amene ankakonda ndikupereka popanda kumenyana, wopambana uyu zina zowawa anapulumuka. Tiyeni tipeze chimene mizinda ya Russia anakana asilikali Mongol?

ANAKULIRA Mongol nkhondo ya Yairo

Great Mongolian warlord Genghis Khan anakhazikitsa ufumu waukulu umene gawo kuposa kukula kwa onse mpaka limati ndiye alipo. Ngakhale pa moyo wake khamu woyendayendawu atalanda malo a Nyanja Azov, pamene Nkhondo ya Kalka Mtsinje anagonjetsa Chirasha Polovtsian asilikali. Akukhulupirira kuti kunali reconnaissance ntchito, cholinga kuti pakhale otsatira Mongol-Chitata njira Eastern Europe.

cholinga cha anagonjetsa anthu a ku Ulaya anapatsidwa kwa ana a mwana wa Genghis Khan, Jochi, chimene chakhala allocated cholowa kumadzulo ulus wa ufumu. chisankho kuti akangofika chakumadzulo chinapangidwa pa vsemongolskom Kurultai mu 1235. Pa mutu wa gulu lalikulu Mongol asilikali anali mwana wa Jochi , Batu Khan (Batu).

Choyamba pansi mavuto asilikali ake anagwa Chibugariya Khanate. Kenako anasamukira khamu lake mu maukulu Russian. Pa nkhondo ya Batu anali anagwira m'mizinda ikuluikulu ya Russia, ngati ayankhidwa pansipa mwatsatanetsatane. Pang'ono zikundiyendera kwambiri ndi anthu a kumidzi, chifukwa mbewu zinapondedwapondedwa, ndipo ambiri a iwo mwina anafa kapena anathamangitsidwa m'dzikomo ku ukapolo.

Choncho tiyeni tiwone chimene mzinda wa Russia anakana asilikali Mongolian.

Kuzinga Ryazan

Woyamba wa mizinda ya ku Russia Mongol mphamvu mmene anaonanso Ryazan. Chitetezo cha mzindawo anatsogolera Prince Ryazanskiy Yuriy Igorevich, amene anathandiza ndi mphwake Oleg Ine Ryazan.

Pambuyo chiyambi cha kuzinga Ryazan anasonyeza zozizwitsa za ungwazi ndipo molimba unachitikira mumzinda. Iwo bwinobwino amaipidwa kuukira Mongol patapita masiku asanu. Koma ndiye Chitata anabweretsa kuzinga zida zawo zomwe aphunzira ntchito nkhondo zambiri China. Ndi nyumba luso anatha kuphwanya malinga a Ryazan ndi kutenga mzinda kwa masiku atatu. Izo zinachitika mu December 1237.

Prince Igor Y. anaphedwa Oleg Ingvarevich atengedwa ukaidi anthu Ryazan mwina anapha mwina anathawa ku nkhalango, ndi mzinda inawonongedwa ndipo sayembekezera m'malo sanabwezeredwe.

kutenga Vladimir

Pambuyo kutenga Ryazan pansi Mongol kuthamanga inayamba kugwa, ndipo mizinda ina. State mu Russia mu mawonekedwe a maukulu chifukwa kugawikana ake sangathe kupereka atangokanidwa koyenera mdani. Mongolia anagwidwa Kolomna ndi Moscow. Pomaliza Chitata asilikali anabwera kwa mzinda wa Vladimir, anasiya pamaso Prince wake Yuri Vsevolodovich. Nzika anayamba kukonza kwa kuzinga lolemera. mzinda Vladimir mu Russia wakale anali malo aakulu chuma ndi ndale, ndi asilikaliwa ankadziwa kufunika ake abwino.

Atsogoleri a mzinda wa chitetezo ku analibe bambo anatenga ana a Grand Prince a Vladimir ndi Mstislav Vsevolod Yurevichi ndi Voevoda Potr Oslyadyukovich. Komabe, Vladimir anayimitsa masiku anayi okha basi. Mu February 1238 iye anagwa. The zokometsera lotsiriza la mzinda anabisala m'mapanga wa Akukwera Cathedral, koma wabweretsa iwo okha reprieve yaing'ono kuchokera ku imfa. Patatha mwezi umodzi, kugonjetsedwa komaliza kwa Prince Vladimir la Russia Yuri Vsevolodovich anali ntchito ku Mtsinje City. Nkhondoyi anaphedwa.

Kozelsk - "Oipa City"

Pamene funso yokhudza zimene m'mizinda ya Russia anakana asilikali Mongolian, onetsetsani mukukumbukira Kozelsk. kukana wake amunamuna mpake analowa mabuku mbiri ya dziko lathu.

Pamaso pa chiyambi cha April 1238 ku Mongolia anafika m'tauni yaing'ono ya Kozelsk umene unali likulu la ukulu ufulu ili m'dziko Chernigov. Prince Vasili anali kumeneko mitundu khumi ndi awiri a Olegoviches. Koma ngakhale kukula kwake, ndi kukula kwa wolamulirayo, Kozelsk anali aatali ndi wosachiritsika kulimbikira asilikaliwa ya m'malinga onse Russian, pamaso pamodzi. Mosavuta Batu analanda mizinda ikuluikulu ya Russia, ndi tawuni yaing'ono imeneyi anatha kutenga kuika makoma ake osankhidwa asilikali oposa zikwi zinayi Mongolian yekha. Kuzinga masabata asanu ndi awiri.

Chifukwa cha mtengo okwera mtengo amene anayenera kulipira kutenga Batu Kozelsk, analamula tsopano kuzitcha izo "mzinda woyipa." Anthu onse anali kuphedwa. Koma chinafoka asilikali Mongol anakakamizika kubwerera steppe, potero akuchedwa imfa ya likulu la Russia - Kiev.

Imfa ya Kiev

Komabe lotsatira 1239 ku Mongolia anapitiriza ulendo wawo kumadzulo n'kubwerera steppes, iwo anagwira ndipo zidawawononga Chernigov, ndi m'dzinja 1240 anabwera Kiev - mayi wa mizinda ya ku Russia.

Ndi nthawi unali likulu la Russia yokhala okha, ngakhale unakhalabe kumzinda waukulu. Ankalamulira Kiev Prince Chigalashiya-Volynskiy Daniil. Kupsa mzinda, iye anaika tysyatskogo wake Dmitriev amene anatsogolera chitetezo cha asilikaliwa.

Mwa mpanda wa Kiev anapita pafupifupi Mongolian asilikali nawo ndawala kumadzulo. Malinga ndi zimene mabuku ena amanena mzinda anatha chotani kwa miyezi itatu, pa zina - anagwa mu masiku inayi yokha.

Pambuyo pa adani a Kiev Mongolia litalanda Russia wotchedwa Galicia, kumene iwo ali makamaka wamakani kukana anali Danilov, Kremenets ndi Hill. Pambuyo pa adani a m'midzi izi Kugonjetsedwa ndi asilikaliwa Russian dziko zikhoza kuganiziridwa monga kulembedwa.

Zotsatira za kutenga Russian mizinda ya ku Mongolia

Choncho tidadzatulukira imene anthu a mizinda Russia anakana asilikali Mongolian. Iwo anavutika nkhondo Mongol kwambiri. Population bwino kuti agulitse mu ukapolo, pa zikachitika - kwathunthu unadulidwa. Okha mzinda anatentha n'kuwonongeratu pansi. Komabe ambiri a iwo anatha kumanganso ina. Komabe, kudzipereka ndi kukwaniritsidwa kwa zofunikira za ku Mongolia ikusonyeza mbiri, sizitanthauza mzinda, kuti sizisintha.

Komabe, zaka mazana angapo, maukulu Russian anakula mphamvu, chodalira kuphatikizapo mzinda, ndipo anatha bwererani wosakondedwayo Mongol-Chitata goli. A nthawi Muscovite Russia.