Main nkhondo nkhondo 1812: zotsatira, tebulo

Main nkhondo nkhondo 1812 anatsimikiza chigonjetso cha asilikali Russian pa mdani. Kampeni ndi mphamvu Russian anatsimikiza ndi gawo loyamba la strategy-Chief Barclay de A Tolly, ndi gawo lachiwiri - pulani Kutuzova wa kutikopa mdani mu dziko kuti kufooketsa ankhondo ake. Kumayambiriro a asilikali Napoleon zinathandiza kuti muzigwirizana: mu June chaka pansi review asilikali ake mwadzidzidzi anayamba kugonjetsa dziko Russian. Komabe, choyamba nkhondo yaikulu anasonyeza lingathe yaikulu kwambiri asilikali a mayiko, amene, ngakhale poyamba anabwerera, koma anakwanitsa kwambiri kufooketsa mdani.

Nkhondo ya Smolensk

Mndandanda wa "nkhondo yaikulu ya nkhondo kukonda dziko lako la 1812" ayenera kuyamba ndi adani woyamba kwambiri kugunda pa mzinda wakale uyu ndi pamalo abwino ofunika. August 4 woyamba French Corps anabwera makoma ndipo anayesa kupita nawo kuukira, koma posakhalitsa anabwerera ndi zomvetsa ndithu. Inafika mphamvu yaikulu ya French ndipo anayamba shelling chitetezo chimene Komabe, si zoipa kwambiri anakhudzidwa.

Pakutha tsiku mzinda anabwera mphamvu zina. Mkulu anafunitsitsa kuutsiriza mdani mu nkhondo ndipo musalole iye asakhalenso mu Moscow msewu. Pa tsiku loyamba la nkhondo Russian akwaniritsa chigonjetso, koma tsiku lachiwiri la French anayamba bombardment ikuluikulu ya makoma, ndi moto mzindawo. Mdani anatenga mumzinda wa. Mu zinthu izi, Barclay de A Tolly analamula kuti abwerere, pofuna kupulumutsa asilikali. Choncho, nkhondo yaikulu ya nkhondo kukonda dziko lako la 1812 anayamba ndi chitetezo cha Smolensk. Society ndi akuluakulu a boma wosasangalala achire wa asilikali Russian. Pambuyo nkhondo imeneyi, Mfumu Alexander ndinaika mkulu Kutuzov, amene anali wotchuka kwambiri mu nkhondo.

Chiyambi cha nkhondo ya Borodino

Zinali nkhondo wotchuka mu nkhondo pakati Russia ndi Napoleon. Izo zinachitika pa August 26 m'mudzi, ili 125 Km from Moscow. Nkhondoyi inatenga maola 12 amawasonyeza mosiyanasiyana bwino, kotero kuti chimodzi cha yamagazi kwambiri mu mbiriyakale.

Mu kuphunzira mutu "Nkhondo yaikulu ya kukonda dziko lako Nkhondo ya 1812" kusukulu ayenera makamaka amange pa chochitika ichi, monga anatsimikiza njira tsogolo ya nkhondoyo. Nkhonyayo waukulu anagwa kumanzere French ndi pakati. Iwo anakwanitsa kulanda mudzi, koma sanathe kubooleza chitetezo ya potsiriza pano.

Nkhondo amatuluka

The chachiwiri amphamvu alimbane anabwera earthworks ndi Bagration a. Pamene woyamba French kuukira kwa zomvetsa lalikulu anakakamizika abwerere kwa kanthawi. Atalandira reinforcements anayamba shelling chachikulu. Nkhonyayo waukulu ankaganiza batire Rajewski. Russian anatenga angapo a m'mizinda, ndi pamene wina wa iwo basi sanali yekha chidwi polimbana Murat. Pakuti amatuluka anali kulimbana aukali, iwo nthawi zonse wadutsa kuchokera ku dzanja m'manja. Kukonda dziko lako Nkhondo ya 1812 chaka, nkhondo yaikulu yomwe ndi nkhani ya kafukufuku ameneyu anasonyeza mtima malire ndi ungwazi wa asilikali Russian. Pa kuukira chitatu pa kung'anima iye anamenya nkhondo pafupi. Ngakhale kuti asilikali French anali anatsindika zida zankhondo ndi mfuti mwayi anatsamira pa mbali ya Russian. Nkhani zomvetsa chisoni sikuloledwa kumanga bwino kuti. Mkati mwa nkhondo iye anavulazidwa ndi shrapnel ngale Bagration amene anatsogolera kauntala-kuukira. Adatengedwa iye kuchokera kumunda, uthenga wa unafalikira mofulumira mwa asilikali Russian, ndi kuti awo nkhongono, kenako anayamba abwerere. Kenako, ambiri anapereka kuti achoke Konovnitsyn amatuluka.

Nkhondo Barrow

Kwambiri kuti kamvedwe ka zimayambitsa chigonjetso cha asilikali Russian kuphunzira kukhala ndi nkhondo yaikulu ya nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse mu 1812. Mwachidule akulankhula za zochitika zazikulu, m'pofunika, ndiponso pa nkhondo ya Borodino. Atachoka nkhondo chamadzi aukali zinachitika chifukwa Utitsky chitunda. M'dera lino, Kutuzov anakonza abisalire Regiment, amene anali kuukira mdani kumbuyo pa amanyansidwa ake kulimbikitsa Bagration. Komabe, dongosolo sakanakhoza akuyendera. Komabe, matenda ambiri Russian nachobe ndi chitunda koma mkulu wa gulu lankhondo la Tuchkov anaphedwa.

Njira zina za nkhondo ndi zotsatira

nkhondo yaikulu ya nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse mu 1812, zotsatira za zomwe pamapeto pake anaonetsetsa bwino asilikali Russian, ayenera kuphunzira mwatsatanetsatane makamaka. Pankhondo ya Borodino kufunika ankaimba ndi Cossack anaukira Uvarov ndi mizere kumbuyo mdani Platov a. Ichi ndi mchitidwe skilful kwambiri, zomwe anachedwa kuukira French kwa maola pafupifupi awiri.

Makamaka nkhondo yadzaoneni zinachitika chifukwa batire Rajewski. Ngakhale moto kwambiri, ndi kuukira osatekeseka, likulu ali anapitiriza ililipo, ndipo Napoleon anakakamizika kuti mupewe kuukira zina. Mu historiography Western anakhazikitsa maganizo kuti French anapambana Nkhondo ya Borodino, ngakhale mfundo iyi vomerezedwa ndi otetezedwa. Mu sayansi yamakono zoweta ankaganiza kuti nkhondo itatha mu Jambulani, popeza palibe maphwando sizinawakhudze cholinga.

Nkhondo ya Maloyaroslavets ndi pa Berezina

Luso Russian asilikali anasonyeza nkhondo yaikulu ya nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse mu 1812. Table zofunika kumenyana kuperekedwa mu ndemanga iyi, kuti mumve. October 12 Maloyaroslavets anatenga nkhondo latsopano limene anasonyeza mtima wa asilikali Russian kuti nkhondo zoopsa.

Kangapo m'tauni yaing'ono accrue kwa mdani, koma mapeto, Napoleon anaganiza abwerere, monga pafupi analandidwa.

Mtengo wa mchitidwe uwu Kutuzov sitingalephere kukambapo: izo sanalole kuti adani chigawo chakumwera, kum'kakamiza kuti abwerere pamodzi unawononge- Smolensk msewu. Akuluakulu zipolowe otsiriza chinachitika kumapeto November, pamene Napoleon anakakamizidwa kumenya ndi mthunzi mopupuluma ku dziko mtsinjewo.

Pa mthunzi iyi French anataya katundu chachikulu, koma Mfumu anakwanitsa kukhalabe nkhondowo-wokonzeka mbali ya asilikali ake.

Kuwerengera

Pa magulu awiri, ndi zofunika kufufuza mutu wakuti "nkhondo Main ya nkhondo kukonda dziko lako la 1812". Mwachidule (Gome m'munsimu limatchula nkhondo kuti sanali m'gulu phunziroli), nkhaniyi ndi bwino kuti mupereke mu wothinikizidwa mawonekedwe patsikuli.

Choncho, asilikali a nkhondo a kukonda dziko lako la 1812 kusonyeza luso njira ya atsogoleri a asilikali Russian ndi mtima wa asilikali wamba amene utakwaniritsa kugonjetsa asilikali Napoleon anali wosagonjetseka.