Ufumu wa Byzantium: likulu. Dzina la likulu la Ufumu Byzantine

Dzina likulu la Ufumu wa Byzantium - phunziro la mtsutso wosatha angapo mibadwo ya mbiri yakale. Umodzi mwa mizinda wokongola kwambiri ndi lalikulu kwambiri padziko lonse ankavala maina angapo. Nthawi zina ankagwiritsa ntchito limodzi, nthawi zina - payokha. Dzina la kale la likulu la Ufumu wa Byzantium ziribe kanthu kochita ndi dzina la makono a mzinda. Kodi kusintha dzina la umodzi wa mizinda lalikulu European zaka zambiri? Yesetsani kumvetsa.

Anthu oyamba

Anthu oyamba kudziwika mbiri ya Byzantium anali Megara. Mu 658 BC. e. iwo anakhazikika pa mfundo narrowest wa Bosphorus n'kulitcha Chalcedon. Pafupifupi nthawi yomweyo mbali ina ya Khwalala ya Byzantium ananyamuka m'tawuni. Patapita zaka mazana angapo, mudzi onse anafika pamodzi ndi anapereka dzina la mzinda watsopano.

Masitepe kuti BWINO

Wapadera malo Hrs mumzinda umenewu kulamulira Ndime ya katundu m'Nyanja Black - kuti kugombe la Caucasus ndi Anatolia mu Tauris. Chifukwa uwu ndi mzinda msanga ndalama zochuluka ndipo anakhala mmodzi wa Masitolo lalikulu la World Old. m'tawuni zasintha eni angapo - izo ankalamulidwa ndi Aperisiya, ku Atene, Amakedoniya, ku Sparta. Mu '74 BC. e. mphamvu Vizantiume analanda Rome. Mzinda izo zimatanthauza isanayambike nthawi zina ndi moyo - pansi pa chitetezero cha legionaries Roma tawuni anayamba kukhala mofulumira.

Vizantium Rome

Kumayambiriro kwa zaka chikwi zatsopano Vizantium anakumana ndi ngozi. Mkangano wosatha pakati pa anthu apamwamba Aroma kwa ufulu otchedwa mfumu zinachititsa kuti kulakwitsa koopsya. The Byzantines anatenga mbali Pistseniya Nigeri, mfumu ndipo sanatero. Mu Rome, wobvala Korona wa kapezi chovala Septimus North - wankhondo wolimba, mtsogoleri wamkulu wa asilikali ndi cholowa apamwamba. Kukwiyira Lidandaula Byzantines, wolamulira latsopano la Ufumu wa Roma anatenga Byzantium mu kuchepa mphamvu yaitali. Pambuyo kukumana yaitali pakati pa Byzantines anazinga anagonja. zochita yaitali asilikali anabweretsa mzinda tsoka ndi chiwonongeko. Mwina mzinda ndi ine sindikanati adzabadwanso ku phulusa, ngati Mfumu Constantine.

dzina latsopano

Kutchuka latsopano Mfumu ya Ufumu Wopatulika wa Roma anayamba ntchito yake ndi chiwerengero cha nkhondo zinachititsa kuti chigonjetso cha asilikali achiroma. Kukhala mbuye wa madera chosefukira kwa ufumu wa Roma, Constantine linakumana ndi chakuti kum'mawa olamulidwa ndi kazembe wa Roma mu mode theka-yoyenda yokha. Kunali koyenera kuchepetsa mtunda pakati pa malo ndi malo akutali. Ndipo Constantine anaganiza anagona mu maiko a kum'mawa kwa mzinda wachiwiri kukula wa Rome. Iye anaima pa dilapidated Vizantiume ndipo akuyesetsa ake yokonzanso mudzi m'derali ku likulu wanzeru wa East Roma.

Chiwalitsiro anayamba m'chaka 324. Mfumu Constantine mkondo mwini zafotokozedwa malire kuzungulira mzindawo. Kenako pa mzere kuti mzinda linga la mzinda watsopano anaikidwa. ndalama yaikulu ndalama ndi okhudzidwa munthu wa mfumu anapanga chozizwitsa zotheka - zaka zisanu ndi chimodzi basi, mzindawo unakhala likulu woyenera mutu. Kutsegula chachikulu zinachitika pa May 11, 330. Pa tsiku lino, mzinda wa walandira kutsogolera zatsopano chitukuko. Atachira, iye mwachangu litadzala ndi atsamunda ochokera m'madera ena a mu ufumuwo, iwo anapeza mwambo ndi glitter, zimayenera likulu latsopano. Popeza tawuni ya nalo dzina lake latsopano - Constantinople, nakhala chimake woyenerera kuti anali kuimiriridwa ndi Ufumu wa Byzantium. Likulu la boma limatchedwa chachiwiri Rome - kum'mawa mlongo wa ukulu ndi ulemerero mu zosatheka wolephera m'bale wake kumadzulo.

Constantinople ndi Chikhristu

Pambuyo kugawanika lalikulu Roma, Constantinople inasandulika chilikati cha boma latsopano - a kummawa Roma. Posachedwapa dziko la dzina loyamba la likulu ake, ndi m'mabuku a mbiri yakale iye anapatsidwa dzina sootvetstvkyuschee - Ufumu wa Byzantium. Likulu la boma unachita yaikulu mu chitukuko cha Chikhristu Orthodox.

mpingo Byzantine Akhristu chikale. Oimira mafunde zina za Akhristu Byzantine anali ampatuko. Mfumu anali munthu komanso mbiri yakale ndipo moyo achipembedzo a dziko, koma izo sizinali mphamvu ya Mulungu, monga kaŵirikaŵiri ankhanza kum'mawa. Mwambo wachipembedzo kwambiri kuchepetsa miyambo yakale ndi miyambo. Mfumu Anapatsidwa ulamuliro wa Mulungu, komabe iye anasankhidwa mwa zivundi chabe. Panalibe motsatizana anayambitsa - ngakhale zimakhalira pachibale kapena zikulumikizana munthu sizitanthauza wachifumu Byzantine. Mu dziko lino, aliyense adzakhala mfumu ... ndipo pafupifupi mulungu. Ndipo mbuye, ndi mzinda anali odzaza ndi mphamvu ndi ulemerero kusukulu ndiponso achipembedzo.

Motero ambiguity ena mu tanthauzo la Constantinople mzinda umene lonse Ufumu wa Byzantium anali anaikira. likulu lalikulu la dziko wakhala malo a Haji Ambiri a Akhristu - matchalitchi zazikulu ndi mipingo chabe chodabwitsa.

Lazaro ndi Byzantium

Pakati pa Zakachikwi loyamba la dziko la maphunziro a kum'mawa Asilavo anayamba monga kwambiri, anayamba tcheru anthu anzawo olemera kwambiri. Rusichi zonse anapita kokayenda, kubweretsa kunyumba mphatso wachuma wa mayiko akutali. Ankapita ku Constantinople monga boggle malingaliro a makolo athu, amene chifalikire dzina latsopano Russian likulu la Ufumu wa Byzantium. makolo athu wotchedwa Mzinda wa Constantinople, motero kugogomeza chuma chake ndi mphamvu.

Kutha kwa ufumu

Chirichonse mu dziko lili ndi mapeto ake. Izo anagwa tsoka ili ndi Ufumu wa Byzantium. The likulu la dziko kamodzi wamphamvu analandidwa ndi kulanda katundu ndi asilikali a Ottoman. Pambuyo pa kukhazikitsidwa kwa ulamuliro Turkey tawuni otaika ndi dzina lake. The eni watsopano ankakonda kuzitcha izo Stanbul (Istanbul). Akatswiri amanena kuti dzinalo zopotoka mpweya buku lakale dzina Greek za ndondomekoyi - mzinda. Zinali pansi pa dzina ili ndi mzinda amadziwika pa nthawi ino.

Monga mukuonera, ndi funso la chimene likulu la Ufumu wa Byzantium, ndi momwe iwo ukutchedwa, palibe yankho limodzi. M'pofunika lozani chidwi nthawi zakale.