Barbara Radziwill: yonena, chithunzi, nthano

Mu mbiri ya Ulaya angalandire zosaposa khumi weniweni m'mbiri, dzina amagwirizana ndi nambalayi nthano ngati ndi mkazi wa Mfumu Sigismund II Augustus.

Barbara Radziwill, amene yonena limaoneka pansipa, wakhala mbali yaikulu m'Chiarabu ambiri, ndakatulo ndi masewero. Patapita zaka 20, mbiri ya chikondi kwa mfumu yake Polish mobwerezabwereza ouziridwa Opanga filimuyi kulenga chikondi za tsogolo la filimu "Chilituyaniya Juliet."

zaka zoyambirira

Barbara anabadwa mu December 1520 ndipo anali mwana wa mphamvu Chilituyaniya tycoon Yury Radziwill. banja lake anali wolemera akhoza kudziwa amakonda Bass malowolo ofanana ndi zimene ambiri mafumu European anasiya zotsatira za Dauphin.

Makolo anatenga chisamaliro cha maphunziro a mtsikanayo. Makamaka, amadziwika kuti anali zinenero 6, kuphatikizapo Latin ndi Greek. Komanso, Barbara anaphunzitsa kupenta, masamu, kukwera mahatchi, madera, kusewera zoimbira, zamulungu, ndi zina zotero. D. Choncho, pa nthawi imene ankaona mtsikana wa msinkhu wokwatiwa, Barbara Radziwill anali mmodzi wa akazi ambiri ophunzira za nthawi, wodziwa, likukwaniritsa zofunikira za Kubadwa Kwatsopano European.

banja loyamba

M'chaka cha 1537, pa msinkhu wa zaka 17, Barbara Radziwill anakwatiwa ndi Chiwerengero Stanislas Gashtold. mwamuna wake anali mwana wa boma Chancellor wa Ufumu wa Poland ndi Lithuania, ndi za iye, ngakhale kuti anali wamphamvu kuposa mfumu yawo.

Patangotha zaka 5, pamene ukwati chinatenga, mkazi wamng'ono ankakhulupirira kuti mwamuna wake anali wopanda chilungamo kwa iye, ngakhale iye anam'chitira ozizira kwambiri. Mulimonse mmene zinakhalira, ana iye sunabala, kotero mphekesera za osabereka ake ndi kuti iye ndi mfiti, chifukwa Ambuye sapereka ana ake. Komanso, pamene zaka zingapo anatha bambo mpongozi, kenako mwadzidzidzi ndi mosayembekezeka anafa ndi mwamuna wa wotchuka Gashtold anakhala bwalo miseche iye ndi poisoner.

Pa bwalo la Sigismund August

Malinga ndi malamulo a nthawi, mkazi wamasiye anali kupuma pa dziko ndipo nokha kulira mwamuna wake. Nthawi imeneyi, anthu ambiri anayamba kuchita chidwi ndi funso la Ndi ndani Barbara Radziwill moyo, kuzikwirira Stanislaus Gashtold. Mwamwayi, iye anasiya nyumba ndi mkazi anapita Vilna, kumene anakakhala ku chinyumba m'bale wake - Nicholas ginger wodula bwino lomwe.

Patapita zaka 5 cha umasiye Barbara Radziwill anayamba kupezeka madzulo ndi mipira ndipo bwino mwana wa Polish Mfumu Sigismund Augustus. Grand Duke kamodzi kugona tulo wokongola ndi Barbara anapanga mdzakazi wake wa ulemu wa mkazi wake Elizabeti Habsburg. Young wokongola yaitali adalimbana ndi posakhalitsa anakhala mbuye wake, makamaka pamene chiyani ndithu Chezetsedwa khalidwe lake ndi zizindikiro zonse chidwi. Kuti nthawi kukumana zambiri ndi Basey, Mfumu atazunguliridwa yekha osati m'bale wamasiye, koma msuwani wake - Nikolai Radziwill Black.

kumuyalutsa

Bisani chibwenzi kwa maso a khoti zinali zovuta, kotero Barbara anasiya Vilna mu chinyumba mwamuna wake, amene ali kuti izo ndi ufulu wa motsatizana. Onani ankakonda chanu utakhazikika pa Changu cha Sigismund, ndipo anayamba kupita kokacheza, maola ambiri mu chishalo, mosasamala kanthu za nyengo ndi nthawi ya chaka.

Pamene buku ndi Barbara ndi wolowa ku Mpandowachifumu anayamba kunena, ngakhale kumadera akutali kwambiri a ufumu, akazi ndi abale anakumana ndi wokonda ake ndipo anafunsa anakana kukakumana naye, monga iwo kuwononga mbiri yake ndi ulemu a m'banja lawo.

Sigismund anakakamizika kupereka pansi kupewa kunyengerera Barbara, koma anataya kudya ndi zest moyo. Komanso, asanafike anamva mphekesera zokhudza mabuku ake, amene anayesa kuti mukhulupirire izo. Koma Barbara, iye akhagopa mkwiyo wa mphamvu zonse ndipo ndi oopsa Mfumukazi udindo winanso Sforza - mayi Sigismund, amene ankadziwika monga poisoner ndi ziwembu.

Zilinso ngakhale zovuta pamene zinadziwika kuti mkazi wake akadali ndi moyo pamene Grand Duke a mayi ake anayamba amithenga kukafunafuna mkazi watsopano kwa wolowa nyumba, monga mu banja Elizabeth wa Habsburg, analibe ana.

Barbara ikunenedwa maganizo ake kwa Sigismund abale, ndipo anamuchenjeza kuti ngati anafuna nkhondo wake wokondedwa, kuyembekezera wadutsamo ake.

Imfa ya Grand Duchess

Ine ndiyenera kunena kuti ukwati wa Sigismund Elizabeth Habsburg anali dynastic, koma abale a mkwatibwi pa nthawi anabisa kwa iye amene mkwatibwi - epileptichka. Iwo akadali osati anakhazikitsa ngati iyi inali mwangozi kapena mosamala anakonza kuphedwa kuyesa, koma tsiku lina mkazi wamng'ono anagwa kuchokera kavalo ndi anamwalira miyezi ingapo. zambiri A zinanenedwa kuti imfa ya Elizabeth - chifukwa cha machenjerero a mayi ake m'chilamulo.

Tsopano, palibe kupewedwa Sigismund anakwatira kachiwiri kupitiriza Jagiellonian mafumu, popeza anali woimira otsiriza ku chiwalo chachimuna. Pa nthawi yomweyo, iye ankadziwa kuti mayi mpongozi wake monga sanakhutire ndi mkazi zimenezi, Barbara Radziwill, zomwe amasiyana kudekha ndi kufuna kumvera chifuniro cha yense yemwe anali, kupatula munthu adakonda.

ukwati

Kukankhira Sigizmunda Yagellona kuchita zinthu zikuluzikulu kanthu pa nkhani ya abale ake. Iwo ankati anapita kukasaka ndi anaonetsetsa kuti anaphunzira za izo. Pokopeka Grand Duke anafulumira pa tsiku kwa Bass, kenako anathyola m'chipinda Radziwills awiri ndi malupanga kukopedwa. Iwo anafuna kuti nthawi yomweyo mkazi, ndipo ananka kwa chipinda cha wansembe. Sigismund anali kumvera, koma akufuna kusunga ukwati chinsinsi.

Komabe yaitali banjali kubisa choona ukwati. mkuntho umenewu kunabuka pamene mwana ukwati anaphunzira udindo winanso Sforza. Iye anakopa mwamuna wake, mfumu kuyesetsa kuthetsa ukwati wa Sigismund. Pambuyo makolowo sanayembekezere mwana, iye anakana kugonjera chifuniro awo, ndipo anati iye anali kupita wokalamba, Barbara Radziwill.

The inalowa ufumu

Sizikudziwika mmene kukhala zina mwambowu, ngati 1 April 1548 I. Sigmund anafa masiku angapo mfumu yatsopano anabwera pa msonkhano wa Chilituyaniya Seimas ndipo analengeza ukwati wake, udzafunidwa kuzindikira Barbara Radziwill Chilituyaniya Grand Duchess. Maguluwo anavomera mosangalala, chifukwa zinkatanthauza kulimbitsa kuzikhulupirira mu Commonwealth, Sigismund ndi mkazi wake anachoka Poland kwa coronation lapansi. Pali, mfumu utangoyamba anafunika kukwaniritsa kuzindikira udindo wa Barbara kachiwiri. Komabe, yasonyeza kovuta. chakuti mamembala a Zakudya za Commonwealth ankaona ukwati wa Mfumu zosatheka manyazi kwa Poland. Makamaka, zochita zoterozo anatsutsa atatu tycoons lalikulu. Mmodzi wa iwo ngakhale kutchedwa Mfumukazi hule, kuchititsa chipongwe kwa mwamuna wake.

Ndiye kuti mamembala onse a Seimas anagwada ndi wosaona dzina lake Zygmunt (Sigmund) mu August kusiya ukwati. Ofooka ndi amantha Mfumu mosayembekezeka anasonyeza kulimba kwambiri komanso anakana kusiyana ndi wokondedwa wake.

Apongozi ndi mwana wake

Kusokoneza mgwirizano sindikanakhoza ngakhale udindo winanso Sforza, amene, monga mwa nthawi zonse, kuluka zokhota ndi mwana wake mkazi wake wachiwiri wake. Ngakhale kuti anthu anayesetsa ake onse, chinthu chokha chimene icho lakwaniritsa - potsiriza aipsa kugona ndi Sigismund Augustus.

Anthu amene anaona chithunzi cha Barbara Radziwill, mungavomereze kuti sizikuwoneka mkazi wolimba. Komabe, atamva za kulimbikira ndi olemekezeka Polish, iye monyadira anakana ufulu ufumu. M'kupita kwa nthawi, a Seimas ndi olemekezeka anakaniza zochepa, ndipo Barbara anavekedwa.

imfa

Mwatsoka, nkhani zachikondi Barbary Radzivill - si nthano ndi kutha osangalala.

Patapita miyezi 5 pokhapokha coronation, ndili ndi zaka 30, iye anamwalira ndi matenda osadziwika mu Wawel Castle. Popeza mkaziyo anali amphamvu ndi kulekanitsidwa ndi thanzi labwino, zonse anayesa kumvetsetsa chifukwa Barbara Radziwill anafa. anthu ambiri otchuka anali ndi maganizo kuti poizoni udindo winanso Sforza. Baibulo Izi ndithu, makamaka anapatsidwa kuti yotsirizira anachokera ku wolemekezeka banja Italy, wodziwika mogwirizana ndi chikondi cha anthu ake kuti ziphe ndi mankhwala.

Komanso, mfumukazi wamng'ono anafa imfa yowawa. Zizindikiro zoyambirira za matenda anaonekera mwamsanga miyezi 2 atakwatirana, koma ananena kuti alandire mankhwala ochizira osabereka. Ndiye matenda anapita patsogolo ndipo zinatha zaululu yaitali, womwe unatenga maola angapo, imene iye writhed pa ululu wamphamvu. Mu masiku otsiriza a moyo wa thupi lonse mfumukazi chidafundidwa ndi zamafinya zinangoti zironda zoopsa kumene kumachokera chobvunda. Komabe, mwamuna ndi sanadzisiyira kama Basenki wokondedwa, kuyembekezera machiritso ake. Iye anayitanitsa thandizo la zounikira zonse zachipatala ku Ulaya, koma palibe amene wakwanitsa osati kupulumutsa Barbara, ndipo ngakhale atsogolere mavuto woipa mtima.

m'manda

Asanafe, Barbara, anapempha mwamuna wake thupi lake m'manda ku Kraków Wawel Cathedral, komanso mafumu ena Polish ndi akazi awo. N'chifukwa chake wakhala chitetezo wotsiriza wa mpingo wa St. Stanislaus Vilna.

Mzimu Barbary Radzivill

Mfumu sanaiwale wake Basia kwambiri ndi anzanga ndi abale ake, amene ankakhala mu chinyumba mu Nesvizh. Nthano ya Barbara Radziwill imakamba kuti iye Anabwera ndi zamizimu Pan Twardowski, amene analonjeza kuti akaitane mzimu wa akazi ake anamwalira.

Wamatsenga analetsa mfumu kukhudza mizukwa, ngati iwo apeza izo. mzimu Barbara anaonekera kwa Sigismund Ndipotu Komabe, mwamuna osangalala, ngakhale mapemphero onse wanyanga anayesera kulowa mu masomphenya mu manja ake.

Malinga ndi nthano, chifukwa kuyan'anila za lamulo zamizimu moyo kosatha Barbara anali mkaidi la Nyumbayi mu Nesvizh. Pankhaniyi, Pan Twardowski anauza mfumuyo kuti ngati iye anafa mu malo omwewo, miyoyo yawo pogwirizanitsa muyaya. Iye adali okondwa kwambiri ndi kuti zonse zidzakhala choncho. Koma anamwalira iye mwadzidzidzi mu chinyumba china, ndi mzimu wa Barbara, omwe ankadziwika ndi dona Black ndi anthu akuopa lero. Sanapezeke kupumula ndi moyo Sigismund Augustus, amene Amayendayenda amasiye kumpanda wa Kraków, poganiza kugwirizanitsa ndi wokondedwa wake.

mfumu Choikidwiratu

N'zochititsa chidwi kuti mayi wa Sigismund wake anakwanitsa kukwatira kachitatu ndipo anasankha mlongo Mkwatibwi Elizabeth Habsburg - Katerina. Ukwati sunakhalitse ndi sanapereke mbadwa ngakhale mkazi wina anafuna ngakhale yesezera mimba. Chifukwa cha chinyengo Mfumu anayamba chilekano, kutumiza mkazi wake kunyumba.

M'zaka zaposachedwapa, moyo wa Sigismund August II atazunguliridwa yekha ndi mages ndi warlocks, ndipo anafa mu chipinda, amene anali chinsalu ndi nsalu wakuda, monga iye anapitiriza chisoni chifukwa wake wokondedwa, amene ankafuna kuti adzaonanenso atamwalira.

"Epitaph kwa Barbara Radziwill"

Monga tafotokozera kale, m'nthawi ya 20 mobwerezabwereza anayesa kuti filimu ndi kukondana nkhani ya Sigismund kukongola Basho. Mmodzi wa anthu otchuka kwambiri chinali chithunzi, amene Barbara Radziwill Anaonekera pamaso pa omvetsera mu mawonekedwe a munthu wa actresses okongola kwambiri Polish 80s (chithunzi kuchokera filimu, onani pamwamba.) - Anny Dymny. Mufilimuyi linatulutsidwa mu 1982 ndi Tinanyamuka filimu Baibulo la otchuka TV wakuti "Mfumukazi udindo winanso". kupenta unkatchedwa "Epitaph kwa Barbara Radziwill" ndi wopambana kwambiri.

okalamba ambiri ankakhulupirira kuti fano analengedwa pa nsalu yotchinga wautsi Anna - si zabwino Barbara Radziwill. Mufilimuyi, anawomberedwa mu Poland mu 1936, mu maganizo awo, anali bwino kwambiri monga udindo waukulu mu iwo anapita kukongola Jadwiga Smosarska ndi Sigismund Augustus II ankaimba Witold Zacharewicz. Otsiriza anafa Auschwitz, amene anali kuthandiza Ayuda pa ulamuliro wa Nazi.

Chithunzichi luso

Barbara Radziwill, zithunzi kuchokera filimu zimene inu kale zaka zoposa 5, Amasonkhezera malingaliro a ojambula zithunzi, olemba ndakatulo ndi. Iye anali wodzipereka kwa ntchito za Polish playwrights Venzhika F. ndi A. Felinskogo, sewero J. Grinyusa ndi Chilituyaniya prose Wolemba Wolemba wina Yuri Grushasa.

Komanso, Museum m'mayiko osiyanasiyana chokongoletsedwa ndi zojambula Voytseha Gersona ndi Yana Mateyko, etc., komanso busts a Barbara Radziwill osadziwika olemba, amene Tingaone m'nyumba ya Ursynów mu Warsaw ndi Olessky Castle.

Tsopano inu mukudziwa komwe ankakhala Barbara Radziwill, ndi momwe iye anakumana wokonda wake wachifumu, ndipo inu mukudziwa tsatanetsatane wa pachibwenzi, amene adakali chifukwa nkhawa mu makhalidwe tcheru.