Prince Mal Drevlyansky. Prince Igor Prince Malachi

Mbiri ya dziko lathu litadzala ndi zinsinsi ndi zinsinsi, zaposachedwapa asayansi ndi chifukwa nkhani yaikulu olembedwa ndi Nestor "nthano ya makedzana Zaka". Izo nthawizonse anapeza umboni ndi mawanga wakhungu, koma kwa zaka zambiri, mbiri yakale komanso ofukula akuphunzira zimenezo zokwanira. Ndipo nthawizina iwo anatsegula chosiyana chirichonse chimene ife anadziwa.

Posachedwapa mu asayansi pali Baibulo latsopano maonekedwe a Asilavo ndi udindo Drevlyansky mafuko mu mapangidwe boma. Inde, inde, munamva bwino - izo Drevlyansky mafuko. Anthu ambiri amene analipira msonkho kwa Prince Igor ndi zachinyengo namupha. A wosakhulupirira izo? Tiyeni tione mbiri ku njira ina pang'ono.

"Nthano ya makedzana Zaka": nkhani boma

Russia Modern pafupifupi sindikudziwa kanthu za amene kalonga Mal. Ngakhale kuti anali amamudziwa ndi wotchuka m'mbiri m'masiku akale za izo kovuta kupeza kutchulidwa. The kokhaku chilichonse chokhudza munthu uyu ndi "nthano ya makedzana Zaka", limene limafotokoza kukambirana pakati kalonga ndi mkulu Igor Maly. Chifukwa, Drevlyansky wolamulira anatsogolera anapanduka ndi anapha pafupifupi unarmed Russian kalonga. Ndiyeno wina ndi amukopere mkazi wake, Olga, umene anapereka ndi anthu ake omwe ndi moyo wake womwe.

A nkhani chisoni, sichoncho? Makamaka mbiri Russian kapena Nthawi imeneyi, kapena pambuyo kalonga Mal Drevlyansky silikutchulidwa. Iye, pamodzi ndi chikhalidwe chawo, malinga ndi olemba, ngakhale monga mbisoweka. Koma kwenikweni, izi sitingakhale kukhala ndi munthu lophunzira lirilonse adzaona kumasulira mabuku a mbiri yakale ena kutineneza.

Kumene, kuyang'ana mu izi ndi kupeza choonadi kovuta. The kwambiri chifukwa cha fumbi la zaka n'zovuta kuona zochitika zenizeni, koma inu mukhoza hypothesize. Komabe, timayesetsabe kusonkhanitsa nyenyeswa za mfundo kuchokera ku magwero osiyanasiyana, kuti ndikuuzeni inu amene analidi Prince Mal ndi anthu ake, amatchedwa "The nthano ya makedzana Zaka" zakutchire ndi primeval.

Drevlyans: mbiri ya anthu ndi malo

Ngati inu kutenga mapu a makono, dera la Drevlyane kale adzagwa monga pa dera Zhytomyr. Ndipo likulu la boma wakale Iskorosten mzinda, lomwe tsopano amalitcha pansi pa dzina la Korosten. Kumbukirani kuti mzinda si kutali kwambiri Kiev. mfundo imeneyi ndiye adakali kwambiri.

Pa chiyambi cha Drevlyane kudziŵika kwambiri. Malinga ndi Baibulo lina, mkulu Mal - mbadwa ya anthu Dulebs, ndi pa zina, anali drevlyans umagawanika fuko la Goths, n'kukakhala ku nkhalango awa, nafunafuna m'zonse ndi kusunga chizindikiro chawo. Mokomera Baibulo atsopano anasonyeza asayansi ambiri, chifukwa mafuko anali okonzekera lapansi lino, wakhala kudziwika kwa nthawi yaitali.

Kuwonjezera pa Goths amakhulupirira kuti mbadwa za makolo akale ndipo mphamvu Amala, n'zosadabwitsa kalonga Mal Drevlyane kuperekedwa mu mbiri Russian pafupifupi molapitsa, wofanana ndi Mfumukazi Olga molimba mtima anapempha dzanja lake. Ndi mfundo imeneyi wakhala asayansi osokonezeka sakuzindikira Mfumukazi Drevlyansky wolamulira ofanana, iye sakanati ndi kulankhula ndi ofesi ya kazembe wa izo ndi kuchititsa zokambirana zilizonse. Nthawizonse zakhala woyikidwa mbiri yakale ndinaganiza lobisa magwero a kalonga wolemekezeka magwero akale.

Akatswiri ambiri amene anaphunzira mbiri yakale, anazindikira ozunguza - Drevlyansky ukulu ndi Iskorosten unakhazikitsidwa kale kwambiri ku Kiev anazindikira monga woyambitsa wa boma Russian. Ngati inu mukukhulupirira Baibulo ili, ndiye Kiev anakhazikitsidwa monga malonda mzinda, ndipo zaka zambiri kenaka, pano likulu la ukulu zinam'khudza. Koma kazembe anakhalabe Drevlyansky Prince Askold, amene anachititsa malonda yogwira ndipo anakopa anthu ake Chikhristu.

Dziwani kuti drevlyans anali achikunja, ndipo ngati zaluso Prince iwo sanali. Chifukwa cha chiwembu anaphedwa Askold Prince Oleg, mwana, bambo wa Igor, ndi drevlyans anali umene msonkho n'kumachita inasanduka atumiki a Kiev. An view osaka mbiri, sichoncho? N'chimenechi, zinthu zonse wotsatira amaonedwa yosiyana kuposa iwo anauza Nestor.

Pedigree Prince Mal

Prince Mal Drevlyansky anali wa m'banja lapamwamba kwambiri. Tikutero chifukwa pang'ono anasunga mu mbiri ya Lavra Kiev-Pechersk. Mwatsoka, iwo sikumachititsa drevlyans mbiri. Zimenezi zinathandiza Nestor amaona anthu zakutchire kwambiri, koma olemba mbiri amakono, mfundo imeneyi mwamphamvu zosayembekezereka ndipo kumathandiza ayambe kufunafuna zifukwa zimene zimayambitsa mphwayi ndi mbiri yake. Amadziwika kuti palibe limodzi olembedwa gwero pa chinenero Drevlyansky, ngakhale mafuko m'malo mwachangu ankaperekera clearings, Volyn ndi anansi ena, amene anali ndi script ndipo anamuuza kuti tsopano zina zokhudza drevlyans.

Malinga ndi maumboni awa, kalonga Mal ndi m'banja la Kiya, amene anasankhidwa kulamulira Kyiv Council City. drevlyans onse ali mbadwa lalikulu Beloyarov Krivorga, amene anali wokhoza anagona forts angapo kuteteza m'mayiko ambirimbiri ukulu wa. Dzina "drevlyans" si toponymic, azambiriyakale ambiri amakhulupirira kuti anachokera mafuko oyandikana. Iwo adalikumzonda anzawo yoopsa makamaka kudabwa ndi cholinga kuthetsa mu nkhalango kwambiri wandiweyani. Choncho dzina la anthu amene anapulumuka masiku ano.

Dziwani kuti, monga zafotokozedwa ankasiyana drevlyans mphamvu chidwi ndi thanzi. akalonga awo anali ndithu mkulu ndi anthu mphamvu, iwo anayenda yekha chimbalangondo ndi kumenya iye ndi manja anga adachitira umboni. Mala yemwe anali agogo Prince Wankhondo mwachangu maziko a linga ndi nkhondo kugwirizana kwa anthu awo. Ndipo m'malo mwa Yartur agogo linakhala ndithandize mdzukulu wake monga bambo wake Mala anafa Asanabadwe akali Ulenje. Mayi ake ndi bambo Prince Drevlyansky pafupifupi kanthu amadziwika, ndi mafotokozedwe yekha za chiyambi cha olemba wa mayi wa Prince Mal. Ndi mwana Yartura, kotero kalonga kuyambira ali analeredwa ndi agogo ake mu miambo ya anthu ake.

Moyo ndi miyambo Drevlyane

Miyambo ndi Drevlyane anapulumuka mudziwe ngati mpukutu ndi m'malo otsutsana. Amadziwika kuti drevlyans kuwalandira mitala ndi akazi nthawi zambiri kubedwa mu mafuko oyandikana. Anali kukhala mu theka-dugouts, amene wodzilemekeza ndi nyumba Log ku zipika lonse. M'nyumba imodzi panali pafupi makumi asanu anthu, komanso anali ndi katundu onse a zakudya ndi moyo ziweto. Pachikhalidwe mafuko ukapolo, wamphamvu ndi akaidi wathanzi anatumizidwa kuti atsitse nkhalango ndi kumanga linga.

The chithunzi choopsa Ndipotu tinganene kuti zimene anafotokoza zimayenera kukhala zachindunji kwa mafuko ambiri m'mbuyo pankhondo. Komabe, sizipanga mfundo mwaphuma mudziwe lathu angasinthe maganizo anu za drevlyans. Mwachitsanzo, kapolo aliyense anakhala munthu ufulu ndi akanatha komwe moyo zaka zisanu. Ena anabwerera kwawo, pamene ena anasankha mkazi ndipo anakhala anthu a fuko. Koma ndi akazi angapo, iwo sakanakhoza, izo drevlyans asagwiritse mtundu mlendo. Mphukira ya mlendo sakanakhoza kukhala woposa Drevlyane mahatchi.

Bakuman kuba atsikana komanso kwenikweni sichitsata loopsa. Drevlyans akhoza Wapakamwa mkwatibwi okha ndi chilolezo chake. Kawirikawiri May, mkwatibwi zinachitika pamene dambo linasonkhana achinyamata, akulu ndi kukongola kwa zaka zina. Pamene pali kusankha moyo okondedwa, iye anadza ku nyumba ya mwamuna wake, adali kulalikira akulu. Kukwatiwa ndi mfundo imeneyi unachitikira mkaidi.

Mwinamwake zodabwitsa kwa anthu amakono, koma sanathe kupeza drevlyans chilekano. Popeza banja ankaona wamkulu ndi mnyamata kutumikira mu fuko. Akulu ukwati akulankhula nkhani ya zili mkazi wake ndi ana amene sanabadwe. Ngati munthu akuphwanya malamulo amenewa, iwo akhoza kuika pa utumiki wa banja lake mpaka imfa yake. Mu zina wachotsedwa ku fuko ndi mkazi anatola mwamuna latsopano. Munthu akhoza kukhala ndi akazi ambiri monga analola ndalama zake. Mu nkhani ya imfa akazi onse anagawanika mwa achibale a mwamuna, mwa kanthawi atakambirana.

kwambiri kulangidwa kupha, kuba, chigololo ndiponso machimo ena. Mwachitsanzo, chifukwa kupha mlandu womangidwa maso ndi maso ndi wovulalayo wake ndi m'manda wamoyo. Monga koopsa, ndi machimo ena.

Wopatulika kudziwa Drevlyane

Drevlyans anali achikunja, iwo ankakhulupirira mizimu ya chikhalidwe ndi zomera. Ndi sizikakutherani, iwo anali mitengo akale. Olemba mbiri ena akugwira ntchito mwakhama pa Baibulo limeneli, malinga ndi zimene druids ndi drevlyans mizu wamba. Choncho kwambiri kufanana mosadziwa kubwera m'maganizo asayansi. Ichi ndi chikhulupiriro ulemu waukulu mizimu ya nkhalango, kusowa kwa chinenero, miyambo ndi wankhanza kudziwa kochuruka kwa machiritso, ndi zatsopano zomwe sipanatenge mwa mafuko Asilavo.

Pafupifupi matenda onse ankapatsidwa infusions mankhwala, decoctions ndi zodzola. Ena maphikidwe zinalembedwa ndi mawu Drevlyane, anapulumuka. Pa iwo inu mukhoza kuweruza mmene zinthu zambiri zachilengedwe anali pa Drevlyane.

Prince Mal: zaka za moyo

Kupeza tsiku la kubadwa kwa Prince Drevlyansky, olemba mbiri kuchita khama. Akukhulupirira kuti Mal anabadwa m'chaka cha 890. Dzina mdzukulu anapereka Yartur, ndipo, malinga n'kunena kwa Baibulo lina, iye anali otchedwa zoti amabadwa ochepa, koma amphamvu kwambiri. Komanso, olemba kuti ndi kubadwa kwa mwanayo anali hump. Zimenezi akuwachititsa chakuti mayi Mala anagwa pa kavalo wake ali woyembekezera ndi mwana wosabadwayo kuvulala.

magwero ena amanena kuti mwanayo anali amabadwa ochepa, koma thanzi ndipo zaka zitatu zokha anagwa kuchokera kavalo wake. Kenako anayamba kukula ndi hump. Ngakhale izi, kalonga anali mbali okongola ndi mphamvu yopatsa chidwi. Monga makolo ake, iye mosavuta athane ndi chimbalangondo ndi kunali chabe wolamulira.

Pa bolodi Prince Mala pafupifupi kanthu amadziwika. "Nthano ya makedzana Zaka" ndi munthu amene ankakopa Prince Igor ndi ndalangidwa nawo, zipolowe mu chaka mazana asanu ndi anai mphambu makumi wachisanu. Chaka chotsatira, iye anaphedwa mkazi wamasiye wa Igor, Olga, lomwe ndi anayi ndibwezera basi imfa ya mwamuna wake. Ndipo ngati pang'ono zakuya madzi mu zochitika m'mbiri yakale zimene timaona?

Prince Mal: kugalukira zaka 945

Mu mabuku Kalonga kuonedwa monga kuukira ulamuliro yovomerezeka kazembe Kiev. Koma ngati izi zinali choncho? Tikudziwa kuti Prince Igor anakamanga msasa za msonkho umene nthawi zonse analipira mafuko. Drevlyans anapereka kalonga anafika ndi timu ya chakudya ndi mtendere wamumtima mlekeni apite. Koma Igor anali pang'ono analandira chuma, iye kukopeka chuma Drevlyane ndi kumvera kazembe wake Sveneld, nakopa kalonga kupita Drevlyane dziko.

Kodi n'ziti? Osachepera monga kuphwanya pangano, Mafuko a zipembedzo Pamilunguyo. Kuwonjezera Nestor sasiya pa Sveneld umunthu, ndipo iye M'pofunika kulankhula mwatsatanetsatane. chakuti kazembe ankaona wolowa wa Prince Oleg, kuwina kamodzi Drevlyane. Iye anali wokongola adyera, ankhanza ndi achinyengo. Koma iye anakwanitsa ingratiate yekha ndi Igor ndi ngakhale ali ndi ufulu kusonkhanitsa msonkho Drevlyane. Apa timayenera tanthauzo lonse la tsokalo - kupeza kazembe wake kuchenjerera anaganiza tidzakulowereni kuti zabwino kwambiri ndipo anagogoda Prince kuti adzathe ulendo. Kuwonjezera Igor kuumirizidwa kuti apite kunyumba kumuwombera mwambo osati kugawana ndi asilikali nyama. Kodi izi ngati si dyera kwambiri?

N'zosadabwitsa kalonga Mal si zabwino anakumana ndi Russian kalonga, koma alesera usovestevit izo. Pambuyo Pofuna zinalephereka kuletsa kuba Drevlyane (ndipo zimenezi n'zimene ankawonekera) Igor analandidwa ndi kuphedwa ngati chigawenga. Malinga ndi miyambo ya nthawi, drevlyans anali ndi ufulu kulanga, amene anadza ku dziko lawo la violator ya mgwirizano ndi wakuba kuti munthu wina aliyense. Malinga ndi malamulo a Asilavo, zimenezi zinali malamulo. N'chimenechi, Kalonga Igor Prince Mal kuyang'ana kanjedza yosiyana mbiri kuposa anapereka iwo Nestor.

Kuphedwa kwa Drevlyane: Zimachitikadi Kapena Ayi?

Malinga ndi "nthano ya makedzana Zaka" Prince Malaki, ndi ndiyotani pakuchotsa Igor, amukopere kwa wamasiye wake. Izi, ngati bwino, akanatha kubwerera kuti akhale pampando wachifumu wa Kiev ndi kunena mtendere mpaka kalekale pakati pa mitundu. Poyankha, Olga kawiri awonongedwe Drevlyansky akazembe, inali kuphedwa zoopsa, amene anapha amuna zikwi zisanu. Kenako Mfumukazi sankadziwa mmene kulangidwa Drevlyansky Prince Mal. Voivod Pretich ndi ankhondo ake anapereka Olga kusonkhanitsa ankhondo ndi kuwononga Iskorosten ndi kupanduka a. Kodi kumva chisoni wamasiye - mzinda kutenthedwa, Drevlyane ziletso latsopano msonkho ndi mutu Prince Mal kukazikoloŵeka kuti nsonga ya. A nthano wokongola. Koma ndiko kulondola zoona?

Ndipotu, mbiri yakale kwambiri muzikaikire izo zonse anafotokoza Nestor zinali zoona. Ndipo pali zifukwa zingapo:

• Iskorosten anaima pafupi Kiev (tinakambirana za pa chiyambi cha nkhani) ndi kuphedwa kwa kazembe wa dziko loyamba Prince Mal sankadziwa;
• Ofukula sanathe kupeza umboni wodalirika wa kupulula anthu Kiev ndipo sanampeza manda a anthu ambiri;
• malinga ndi malamulo a nthawi, ngakhale "magazi wosamwerana madzi" sanathe wolungama kupha amuna zikwi zisanu;
• Olemba mbiri apeza maumboni chakuti ndinkakhala ndi mwana wake Iskorosten Mfumukazi Olga zaka zisanu ndi ziwiri (ndi mu mfundo mzinda amati kuwonongedwa).

Zonsezi zimapangitsa tione mfundo zatsopano zimene zinachitikira Drevlyansky Prince.

Chotero kodi kwenikweni chachitika kwa Prince Small, patatha zaka 945?

Ndipo ichi ndi chinsinsi chachikulu mu nkhani imeneyi. Asayansi hypothesized zomwe zili zofanana ndi zochitika zenizeni. Malinga ndi chilamulo "vendetta" Mfumukazi Olga anali ndibwezera basi imfa ya mwamuna wake, koma iye ankafuna kuchita ayi. Choncho, pa msonkhano ndi Drevlyansky ofesi ya kazembe izo kupereka pangano limene kalonga wakhazikitsa Drevlianys lathyathyathya msonkho ndi "fictitious" adzawonongedwa Iskorosten pofuna kubwezera. Chifukwa, Olga anadza kwa mpanda wa mzinda, kumene kunali palibe otchuka, ndipo anatentha mbali yaing'ono chabe ya izo, popanda owononga Drevlianys.

Malinga ndi malipoti ena, kuyambira 947, Olga ankakhala izo ankati anauyatsa mzindawo ndi izo. Anthu akumeneko akadali kusonyeza alendo wokaona malo osambira ake ndi malo ena kumene, malinga ndi nthano, mwana wamkazi wa mfumu anakonda kuyenda.

Ndipo nanga bwanji mkulu Mal? tsoka silidziwika, olemba mbiri zitha amanena ndi kumanga buku la chimene chinachitika kwa iye. Koma mpaka lero mu Korosten anthu moyo, dzina la wochokera dzina la Duke chachiwiri - Niskinich. Amadziona mbadwa za banja lalikulu kalonga.

Kodi moyo imeneyi Drevlyansky Prince?

Chipilala Prince Mal anaika mu Korosten. Izi zidzasintha khumi mkuwa chithunzi, ataliatali pamwamba mtsinje O, kumene mogwirizana ndi nthano, Prince Igor anaphedwa, anayesa Drevlyane. Prince Mal otchulidwa kavalidwe akale ndi lupanga yaikulu katundu, maso ake imatsogoleredwa mu mtunda nadzazidwa ndi malingaliro za anthu ake.

Pomaliza

Sizikudziwika, kwenikweni anayang'ana Drevlyansky Prince mmene amasonyezera iye ziboliboli. Koma tsoka ndi zochita osangalatsa kwambiri kwa asayansi. Iwo akupereka nzeru mu zochitika bwino mbiri tiyerekeze. Amene amadziwa, mwinamwake ndi momwe zinali nthawi akutali chaka mazana asanu ndi anai mphambu makumi wachisanu.