Edmund Burke: makoti, mawu, mbiri, malingaliro zofunika, maganizo andale, ntchito yaikulu, chithunzi, nzeru

Edmund Burke (1729-1797 gg.) - A wotchuka British aphungu, ndale pagulu chithunzi, wolemba, wolemba nkhani wina, katswiri wa nzeru anayambitsa malangizo ndiwofatsa. zochitika zawo ndiponso ntchito imagwera pa zaka za m'ma 18, unakhala m'nthawi ya French kuukira boma, komanso membala wa kulimbana aphungu. maganizo ake ndi malingaliro ndi mphamvu zochita za ganizo ndale komanso ndi ntchito zake nthawi iliyonse anachititsa mtsutso posonyeza anthu.

Mfundo Zina za moyo

Edmund Burke, amene mbiri ndi nkhani ya takambiranazi, anabadwa mu Ireland mu 1729. Bambo ake anali Protestant, amake - Mkatolika. Maphunziro Utatu College ku Dublin, ndipo kenako kutenga jurisprudence, anapita ku London. Koma apa iye anachita chidwi wolemba ntchito. Edmund Burke anali mkonzi wa magazini "lapachaka Register," liwulo malangizo ake ndipo zili pafupifupi onse moyo wake. Kenako anayamba, ndipo ntchito zake zandale, kukhala mlembi wa nduna yaikulu (mu 1765), ndipo kenako phungu. Pa nthawi yomweyo (1756) analemba angapo ntchito-chinyezimiro, zomwe zinatsala iye ena kutchuka analola chibwenzi mabwalo zolembalemba. Edmund Burke, ntchito yaikulu Amakonda ndale nzeru zaumunthu, anatchuka chifukwa cha mlili malankhulidwe awo aphungu ndi timabuku nthawi iliyonse anakhala phunziro la tikuyamba kukambirana ndi kutsutsana.

maganizo andale

ntchito yake aphungu anayamba pamene anakhala mlembi wa nduna yaikulu ya dzikolo, amene anali wa Whig phwando. Posakhalitsa ankatsogolera kachigawo chotsimikiziridwa wake malingaliro andale. Edmund Burke, woyambitsa wa conservatism Komabe zinthu zina anali ndi maganizo owolowa manja. Kotero, iye anali wothandiza kusintha ndipo ankakhulupirira kuti mphamvu ya mfumu ziyenera kuchokera pa ulamuliro wa anthu. Iye anatsutsana ndi mafumu mtheradi, kukhulupirira kuti zonse zandale m'dziko ayenera chipani ndi mwayi wonena za kukhosi kwawo mwachindunji ndi momveka.

chikhazikitso

Koma pa nkhani zina Edmund Burke, mfundo zikuluzikulu zomwe ali ndiwofatsa, udindo osiyana. Choncho, mfundo othandiza kusintha, iye anakhulupirira kuti zosintha zimenezi ayenera pang'onopang'ono ndipo osamala kwambiri kuti tisasokoneze bwino alipo mphamvu ndipo alibe kuwononga zaka kupanga dongosolo. Iye anatsutsana mwadzidzidzi kwambiri kusintha mu chikhulupiriro kuti zimenezi kungachititse kuti chisokonezo ndi chisokonezo.

za anthu

Edmund Burke, amene ndale maganizo ndi sakwanitsa angatchedwe ndiwofatsa, anatsutsa zochitika za British Government mwa kulemekeza ku madera North America. Iye aacemera kuwapatsa ufulu zachuma ndi tisaletse katundu msonkho, ananena za kufunika kupasula ntchito sitampu. Iye anadzudzula ntchito ya East India Company ku India ndipo anapanga mayesero mokweza ya kazembe wa dziko W. Hastings (1785). Dongosololi mokweza kwambiri ndipo anaziulula nkhanza zambiri dongosolo kulamulira British m'dzikoli. Edmund Burke, conservatism zimaonekera makamaka pankhani ndi Hastings, ankanena kuti India kuchita malamulo Western ndi malamulo, ndi Goliyati, Komano, ankanena kuti ndi zosavomerezeka mu mayiko a kummawa.

Kukwera French

Inayamba mu 1789 ndipo ndinamugwedeza m'mayiko onse European, osati mavuto ndiponso ndale, komanso maganizo awo. Against yotsirizira zikuchepa kudzudzulidwa Edmund Burke, amene amanena kuti maganizo a chiphunzitso chosintha ndi nkhambakamwa chabe, umboni, mulibe weniweni nthaka mbiri choncho sadzamva mizu mwa anthu, chifukwa iwo alibe mizu kapena mbiri. Iye anasiyanitsa ufulu weniweni wa zachilengedwe. Otsiriza, mu maganizo ake, ndi zokamba chabe, pomwe mfundo pali okhawo amene amakonzedwa mwa njira ya chitukuko mbiri ya mibadwo yapita.

Pa anthu ndi boma

Edmund Burke, amene maganizo ndi ndiwofatsa malangizo adakana, anayesa ndi anadzudzula chikhalidwe mgwirizano chiphunzitso J.-J. Rousseau, chofunika kwambiri ndicho anthu eni mwaufulu renounces gawo la ufulu wawo ndipo transmits maudindo boma la kasamalidwe ndi chitetezo chitetezo. Mu maganizo a Burke, zandale, ndi zachuma mabungwe limanena pa moyo othandiza, mfundo yakuti kwa zaka opangidwa ndi kuyesedwa ndi nthawi. Choncho, izo zimapangitsa neza, iye anati, kuyesa kusintha dongosolo alipo, likhoza kukhala mosamala bwino popanda kusintha kulikonse ofunika. Apo ayi, kubwera chisokonezeko ndi chisokonezo, lomwe ndi zimene zinachitika mu chosintha France.

Kodi iye anayankhula za ufulu

Olemba amati lochitira chikhalidwe ndi maudindo osiyanasiyana kuti nthawi zonse Choncho, ankaona ntchito chosintha pa Kumangidwa kwa anthu basi zochokera chilengedwe kufanana enaake. Edmund Burke, aphorisms omwe mwachidule kufotokoza akamanena za nzeru zake, ankanena kuti n'zosatheka kukwaniritsa okwana kufanana ndi ufulu onse.

Iye ndi wa mawu otsatirawa pankhani imeneyi: "Kuti ufulu, m'pofunika kuchepetsa." Malingaliro a boma iye ankaona yomanga monga zongopeka ndiponso anatchula za zipolowe zinachitika monga France pambuyo kulanda boma la. Makamaka kuyamika zisudzo chiwembu kapepala utasintha Tory boma kutsogoleredwa ndi William Pitt Wamng'ono anasankha kupita ku nkhondo boma. Edmund Burke, zolemba zomwe zikusonyeza udindo wake ndiwofatsa, ananena kuti munthu sangakhoze konse kukhala pawokha kwathunthu kwa anthu, izo mwanjira Ufumuyo iye. Iye analankhula za izo mwa njira iyi: "Kudalirika ufulu, ngati chinthu zina, kulibe."

Maganizo za aesthetics ndi

Pa chiyambi cha ntchito yake zolembalemba (1757), analemba kuti pepala lotchedwa "The kafukufuku nthanthi za chiyambi cha maganizo athu a lapamwamba ndi wokongola." Mmenemo wasayansi adafotokoza latsopano kwa nthawi, lingaliro kuti malingaliro a zokongoletsa munthu abwino sikudalira zonena za luso ndi mtendere wamumtima komanso zauzimu. Ntchito imeneyi anam'bweretsera kutchuka ndi wotanganidwa kwambiri pa chiwerengero cha ntchito za aesthetics. ntchito wakhala m'chinenero cha ku Russia, lomwe limanena za mbiri yake.

view dziko

Edmund Burke, amene nzeru amadziwikanso kwakukulukulu anatsimikiza ndi maganizo a conservatism, anafotokoza mfundo zina zosangalatsa za mbiri ndi zinthu zokhudza. Mwachitsanzo, iye ankakhulupirira kuti kusintha ayenera zinachitikira nkhani yeniyeni apindulira pa mbadwo wakale. Iye wotchedwa motsogozedwa ndi zitsanzo osati ziphunzitso chabe. Malinga ndi iye, izi inali njira yabwino kusintha zinthu zokhudza. Pa nthawiyi, iye ali ndi mwambi wakuti: ". Sindikukumbukira chitsanzo - ndi sukulu okha a anthu, kuti munthu wina kusukulu sanayambe wapita ndipo sapita"

The view miyambo

Edmund Burke ankakhulupirira miyambo chachikulu cha mtengo wa kuyitana kusunga ndi ulemu monga iwo anayamba moyo ndi zochokera zosowa zenizeni ndi zofuna za anthu, ndipo samabwera kwa chabe. Palibe poipa, mu maganizo ake, kuposa kuti asamvere njira yachibadwa ya chitukuko, zomwe amayikidwa mu mbiri ndi moyo. Iyeyu anadzudzula zochitika French nthawi yake mu nkhani wotchuka "M'mbuyo pa utasintha mu France" (1790) Kuchokera malo amenewa. Dzitetezeni zisinthe, anaona kuti n'kuwononga zinachitikira chitsimikizo anasonkhanitsa ndi mbadwo wakale. Kuyesa kumanga anthu atsopano ankaona achabechabe chitukuko, chifukwa iwo ali yekha chisokonezo ndi chiwonongeko.

mtengo

Mu zolembedwa ndi malankhulidwe a Burke oyambirira komaliza chilolezo maganizo malingaliro ndiwofatsa. Choncho, amaona kuti kukhala tate wa conservatism zachikhalidwe. maganizo ake nthanthi zatenga malo apamwamba mu mbiri ya ganizo ndale ndi kumpanga weniweni nkhani zandale za ufulu wa madera North America motsutsa zachinyengo za mphamvu English ku India, chifukwa cha ufulu wa chipembedzo cha Katolika ku Ireland wakonza mmodzi wa oimira otchuka nthawi yake. maganizo ake, sitinganene kuti motsimikizira ndiwofatsa, chifukwa nthawi zambiri Pamilunguyo malingaliro owolowa manja.