Kodi CIS? CIS mayiko - mndandanda. Map CIS

CIS - Union la Soviet Socialist Republic anali kale ndi International Association, amene ntchito akuyenera lamulo la mgwirizano pakati pa mayiko amene anapanga Soviet Union. Izi si mabungwe supranational. Pakati pa nzika ndi chamoyo mayanjano anapereka kwa maziko kwawo. CIS Kodi ndi cholinga chake mu mgwirizano wa mayiko? Kodi anali mapangidwe wa Commonwealth? Kodi udindo wa okhudzidwa zosiyanasiyana chitukuko chiyani? About lino nkhaniyi. The lotsatirali kupatsidwa mapu CIS.

mabungwe Education

Chilengedwe cha bungwe anatenga gawo mu SSR Chiyukireniya, ndi RSFSR ndi Byelorussian SSR. Mu 1991, 8 December, mu Bialowieza pangano lolingana yosainidwa ndi nkhalango. Chikalata, imene inali nkhani 14 FUNDO ananena kuti Soviet Union unatha pamene nkhani zenizeni geopolitical ndi malamulo adziko lonse lapansi. Koma pamaziko a dera m'mbiri komanso mgwirizano pakati pa anthu, potengera mapangano amgwirizano, amafunitsitsa kulenga boma demokalase la chilamulo, komanso cholinga kugwirizanitsa wawo pa maziko a kulemekezana ndi kuvomereza ulamuliro, ndipo tinkaphunzira maphwando anavomera kupanga International Association.

ratification wa pangano

Kale tsiku lakhumi la December Verkhovna Rada wa Ukraine ndi Belarus mwandipatsa mphamvu mwalamulo chikalatacho. December mgwirizano 12 anali linalowa nawo m'Pangano ndi Nyumba ya Malamulo Russian. Ambiri (188) mavoti "chifukwa", "kusala" - 7 "ndi" - 6. Tsiku lotsatira, 13, anakumana ndi mutu wa mayiko chapakati ku Asia kuti anali m'gulu la USSR. Iwo anali oimira Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan ndi Kazakhstan. mawuwo usilikali mu chifukwa cha msonkhano uno. Ndi mitu anasonyeza chilolezo kulowa CIS (chinawathandiza kumvetsa n'chakuti achidule - Commonwealth of Independent States).

Wofunika kwambiri kwa mapangidwe mayanjano chinali choti Kuyanjana pakathi pa nkhani ya Soviet Union, ndi kuzindikira kwa iwo onse monga oyambitsa. Kenako Nazarbayev (mutsogoleli wa Kazakhstan) anapanga mwatsatanetsatane bungwe msonkhano mu Alma-Ata, pamene mayiko a CIS , amene adzakhale ali m'munsiwa adzapitiriza mudziwe zambiri ndi umwana njira olowa.

Kukwaniritsa mu Alma-Ata

Mu likulu la Kazakhstan anafika oimira 11 mwa mayiko wakale wa dziko la USSR patsogolo. Iwo anali atsogoleri a Ukraine, Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, Tajikistan, Russia, Kyrgyzstan, Kazakhstan, Moldova, Armenia, Azerbaijan ndi Belarus. Panalibe oimira Georgia, Estonia, Lithuania ndi Latvia. Chifukwa, kulengeza za yosainidwa ndi msonkhano. Mmenemo mfundo ndiponso zolinga za Commonwealth latsopano anali kuperekedwa.

Komanso, bukuli lili ndichisangalalo kuti mayiko onse CIS adzagwiritsira ntchito mogwirizana awo zinthu ofanana mwa mabungwe Kutsata. inawo, nayenso, anapanga pa parity maziko. Ntchito mabungwe Kutsata ayenera kukhala mogwirizana ndi pangano pakati pa mabungwe CIS (mawu olembedwa pamwambapa). Pa nthawi yomweyo anakhalabe kulamulira olowa pa mipherezero asilikali ndi njira, zida za nyukiliya.

Kulankhula zimene CIS, ziyenera kuti ubale sizikutanthauza wamba malire - lililonse Republic, poyamba gawo la Soviet Union kusunga ulamuliro wawo, boma, dongosolo malamulo. Pa nthawi yomweyo kulengedwa kwa Commonwealth ndiye chimake cha kudzipereka mapangidwe ndi chitukuko cha woyendera nthambi wamba zachuma.

Map CIS

Territoriralno Commonwealth anali zosakwana USSR. Ena mayiko kale osati anaonetsa chokhumba kulowa CIS. Komabe, mgwirizano wonse anatenga ndithu danga geopolitical. Ambiri mwa nkhani anayesa matanthauzo opindulitsa mgwirizano pa maziko ofanana, pokhalabe okhulupirika ake.

Tikumbukenso kuti msonkhano December 21 mayiko wa USSR chinathandiza akamaliza kutembenuka kumayiko CIS. List anawonjezera Moldova ndi Azerbaijan, omwe anakhala otsiriza kulemba chikalata pa kukhazikitsidwa kwa Commonwealth. Mpaka nthawi imeneyi anali mamembala kucheza okha a gulu. Uwu unali yosaiwalika mtundu zomanga za malo onse positi-Soviet. Mu 1993, Georgia anali m'gulu mndandanda wa CIS. Pakati pa mizinda ikuluikulu kwambiri mu Commonwealth titchedwe Minsk, St. Petersburg, Kiev, Tashkent, Alma-Ata, Moscow.

nkhani gulu

Mu Minsk pa msonkhano wa December 30 m'mayiko CIS anasaina mapangano wogwirizira. Thupi wapamwamba wa Commonwealth unakhazikitsidwa motsatirana thereto. Bungwe tichipeza atsogoleri a nzika za bungwe.

Kulankhula zimene CIS, ziyenera anati mmene malamulo posankha zochita. Aliyense chilli Commonwealth ali voti imodzi. Chisankho okwana anapangidwa pamaziko a vutoli.

Pamsonkhano wa mu Minsk komanso walemba mgwilizano malamulo ulamuliro pa Asilikali onyamula zida ndi Asilikali Border. Malinga ndi iye, aliyense nkhani anali ndi ufulu kulenga asilikali ake. Mu 1993, anamaliza gawo gulu.

January 22 chaka chino mu Minsk, ndi hayala Analeredwa. chikalata ichi chakhala kwambiri kuti gulu. Mu 1996, March 15, pa msonkhano wa State Duma la Chitaganya cha Russia linavomereza Maonekedwe 157-II HD. Iwo atsimikiziridwa zotuluka pa zotsatira za referendum unachitikira mu 1991, 17 March, chifukwa kuteteza wa USSR. Mu ndime yachitatu amanena kuti atsimikizire kuti mgwilizano pa mapangidwe wa Commonwealth, si ovomerezedwa ndi Congress cha akuluakulu Anthu - limba apamwamba mphamvu ya boma mu USSR - analibe ndipo alibe mphamvu malamulo ndi kulemekeza kuti analeka kukhalako anapitiriza la Soviet Union.

udindo Russia mu Commonwealth

Pa za msonkhano Council Security Russian Pulezidenti Putin analankhula. Vladimir Vladimirovich ananena kuti Russia ndi CIS anafika nthaŵi yofunika kwambiri chitukuko. Pa nkhani imeneyi, monga taonera ndi mutsogoleli wadziko, m'pofunika kapena kukwaniritsa lolimbikitsa Mkhalidwe wa Commonwealth ndi mapangidwe pa maziko ake kwenikweni ntchito, omwe ali ndi chikoka ena dongosolo oyandikana mu dziko, kapena danga mwinamwake geopolitical kuyembekezera "blur", umene chidwi wa Commonwealth anthu ake adzakhululukidwa mosasintha anataya.

Zowawa kamodzi zolephera zingapo kwambiri pa maubwenzi andale pakati pa mayiko a, kalelo anapanga dziko la Soviet Union (Moldova, Georgia ndi Ukraine) mu March 2005, boma la Russia, pakati pa mavuto, akuluakulu a Chikigizi Putin analankhula ndithu mwamphamvu. Iye ananena kuti zokhumudwitsa zonse zinali chifukwa cha owonjezera ziyembekezo. Mwachidule, pulezidenti la Chitaganya cha Russia anazindikira kuti ma zolinga zofanana, koma kwenikweni dongosolo lonse zinali zosiyana kwathunthu.

Mafunso Commonwealth kukhazikika

Chifukwa cha kukula njira centrifugal zikuchitika mu CIS, mobwerezabwereza ankanena za kufunika kwa kusintha gulu. Komabe, kugwirizana pa ayenera malangizo gulu limeneli si. Pa July udachitikira mwamwayi mu 2006, chaka chimene kupita Commonwealth mitu ya nkhani, Nazarbayev akufuna zikhomo angapo amene kuganizira ntchito.

Pulezidenti woyamba wa Kazakhstan, ankaona kuti n'kofunika kugwirizana malamulo kusamuka. Kofunika, maganizo ake, ndi chitukuko cha aya wamba zoyendera ndi mgwirizano mu nkhondo yolimbana ndi umbanda mtanda malire, komanso mgwirizano mu chikhalidwe, sayansi ndi maphunziro muzochitika.

Monga momwe media, wosakhazikika za mphamvu ndi viability wa Commonwealth kugwirizana ndi angapo nkhondo malonda. Mu yovuta imeneyi, ku Russia anatsutsa Moldova, Georgia ndi Ukraine. CIS, malinga ndi chidwi ena, anali pa zobvuta kupulumuka. Izi anali ntchito ndi zochitika posachedwapa - mikangano ankadutsa Georgia ndi Russia. Malinga ndi akatswiri ena, ndi ziletso Russian ndi phunziro Commonwealth anali kale lonse. Komanso, monga taonera ndi anthu ambiri, malamulo a Federation ndi Russian kulemekeza mu limati pambuyo Soviet monga kumapeto lonse cha 2005 ndi wa CIS makamaka popangidwa ndi "Gazprom" (Russian mpweya okhawo). Mtengo wa mafuta zofunikira monga ena olemba, anali ngati chilango ndiponso njira kulimbikitsa Commonwealth of nkhani, malingana ndi mgwirizano ndale ndi Russia.

"Mafuta ndi gasi asapita"

Kulankhula zimene CIS, sikutheka osanenapo chinthu yakugwirizanitsa ya nkhani zonse. Iwo ndi mtengo wotsika wa mafuta omasulidwa kuchoka m'dera la Chitaganya cha Russia. Komabe, mu 2005, chaka July, analengeza kuti kuwonjezereka pang'onopang'ono mitengo mpweya chifukwa maiko Baltic. mtengo wakhala kuchuluka kwa mlingo Loona za $ 120-125 / zikwi ^M3. Mu September chaka chomwecho analengeza kuenjezera mitengo nkhuni Georgia kwa 2006, ku $ 110, ndipo ndi 2007 - kwa $ 235.

Mu November 2005, wakhala kuchuluka mtengo mpweya chifukwa Armenia. Mtengo wa makontena anali kukhala $ 110. Komabe, akuluakulu Chiameniya kuti adandaulapo kuti Republic sangathe kugula mafuta pa mtengo zimenezo. Russia ali anapereka chidwi wopanda ngongole, zimene zingathe kuchepetsa ndalama wamkulu. Komabe, Armenia wakhala akufuna lina la Chitaganya cha Russian - monga njira ina kusamutsa umwini mmodzi wa midadada linali la lake la Hrazdan matenthedwe magetsi, komanso lonse mpweya kayendedwe maukonde mu dziko. Komabe, ngakhale machenjezo ku mbali Chiameniya za chingachitike zoipa ukuwonjezeka mtengo zina, dziko okha anakwanitsa sachedwa kuchuluka mtengo.

Pakuti Moldova, kuwonjezeka mtengo analengeza mu 2005, chaka. Ndi 2007, mtengo wakhala anavomera yobweretsa latsopano. mtengo wamafuta anali $ 170. Ndi December, iwo anali atagwirizana kupereka nkhuni Azerbaijan pa mtengo msika. Mu 2006, mtengowu $ 110, ndipo pofika m'chaka cha 2007 anali anakonza yobereka $ 235.

Ndi December 2005, nkhondo inayambika pakati Russia ndi Ukraine. Popeza January 2006, analengeza kuwonjezeka mtengo $ 160. Pamene nkhani zina analephera, Russia anakweza mtengo $ 230. Munjira ina ndi aulemu nkhani mpweya anali mu Belarus. Ndi March cha 2005, ku Russia analengeza kuwonjezeka mu mtengo wa yobereka. Komabe, mwa April 4, Putin kuti azisunga mtengo pa mlingo chomwecho. Koma pambuyo pa chisankho cha Pulezident cha Belarus izo kachiwiri analengeza ukuwonjezeka mtengo. Mukamaliza zokambirana yaitali pa 2007-2011 mtengo choikidwacho pa $ 100.

Udindo wa mabungwe a Commonwealth mu mafuta ndi gasi asapita

Tikumbukenso kuti mwa zina, nthawi 2006, boma la Russia amayesa maphunziro pamaziko a mgwirizano wa CIS. Iwo anali ankaganiza kuti mamembala ake anali kukhala nzika za Commonwealth, mwanjira ina chikugwirizana ndi gasi, mafuta mapaipi, kuzindikira Komanso, ntchito kutsogolera Russia monga okhawo katundu utsi mphamvu ku Ulaya Soviet Union. Mu nkhani iyi, m'mayiko ena anali mwina kuchita ntchito ogulitsa mpweya yakeyake mapaipi Russian, kapena kukhala pasenjala gawo. Monga chikole cha mgwirizano uwu mphamvu Kumafuna kuwombola kapena kugulitsa mphamvu zoyendera ndi mphamvu chuma.

Choncho, mwachitsanzo, ndi Turkmenistan anafika mgwirizano pa zogulitsa kunja mpweya wake kudzera payipi "Gazprom". Mu Uzbekistan pali chitukuko cha Russian miyala ya makampani m'deralo. Mu Armenia mu akukwatira "Gazprom" ndi payipi mpweya ku Iran. Komanso, mayikowo anagwirizana ndi Moldova kuti mabungwe mpweya kampani "Moldovgaz", theka la amene ali a "Gazprom", kuti apereke magawo zina, kupanga malipiro monga maukonde mpweya kufalitsidwa.

maganizo yovuta

Kodi CIS lero? Kusanthula mbiri posachedwapa wa Commonwealth of nkhani, n'kosatheka kuti muone kuchuluka nkhondo misinkhu yosiyanasiyana. Mumadziwika kumenyana ngakhale asilikali - onse inter- ndi kwapakati boma. Mpaka lero, ikhala osathetsedwa vuto maonekedwe a tsankho, oletsedwa m'dziko. Komanso akadali ndi malo ndi mikangano zachuma pakati Russia pa dzanja limodzi ndi Ukraine ndi Belarus pa ena.

The vuto lalikulu kuthetsa ndi nkhani ya tariffs chofunika. Mobwerezabwereza Russia monga nkhani yaikulu kwambiri Commonwealth (mapu a Russia ndi CIS, kusonyeza izi anapereka m'munsimu) kuti akhoza apamwamba zachuma ndi zankhondo, akuimbidwa mlandu wa kuswa pangano lofunika, makamaka zokhudza khalidwe la ntchito nzeru m'gawo. Kuyambira mfundo geopolitical maganizo, ndi CIS lero alibe cholinga ofunda kubwerera njira zina m'mbuyomu, pa nthawi imene panopa alipo mayiko onse mwayekha kuti poyamba pa Russian Ufumu ndiyeno Soviet Union. Pakali pano, kwenikweni, utsogoleri boma cha Russian Federation mu ulaliki, ndi zimafalitsidwa zambiri anafuulira Kutsutsa boma mabungwe ena Commonwealth. Nthawi zambiri anthu a International Association mlandu kunyoza zapitazi, ndilo wamba mu zochita mchikakamizo cha anayamba m'mayiko a Azungu (makamaka US) ndi maganizo revanchist (makamaka, chizindikiro cha zochitika 2 nkhondo World m'kuunika, zosiyana ndi zomwe dziko ochiritsira ndi Soviet-Russian historiography).