Nikolay Gerasimovich Kuznetsov - asilikali a zombo. Russian ndege chonyamulira "asilikali Kuznetsov"

Great Russian asilikali analenga ulemerero wa zida Russian pa dziko, mpweya ndi nyanja. Peter Ine azikamugwirira chitukuko dziko monga mphamvu apanyanja, kuika sitima yoyamba ndi kukopa akatswiri yachilendo. ntchito zake wakuthandizani Russia kupambana kwambiri ya kupambana kwakukulu pa nyanja. Ushakov, Nakhimov - uyu ndiye woyamba panyanja atsogoleri, amene maina ayenera kunyadira dziko lathu. Mu USSR, amene analowa m'malo mwa kupambana kwawo mkulu wa asilikali Kuznetsov, moyo wake wakhala chikugwirizana ndi asilikali apanyanja inextricably.

yonena

Mu maganizo a Nicholas Gerasimovitch Kuznetsova, zinachitikira kasamalidwe sitima sanapatsidwe nthawi yomweyo, ziyenera akamagwira kutsatira njira yapamadzi. Ndicho chimene anayamba meteoric ntchito za mnyamata wa m'mudzi Medvedkov Astrakhan dera. Tsogolo asilikali Kuznetsov anagunda zombo zaka 15, kuwonjezera zaka ziwiri zakubadwa, anadzipereka kwa Civil nkhondo. Mu 1919, iye ankamenyana monga panyanja pa chombo kumpoto Dvina flotilla. Nditamaliza maphunziro ku Naval Academy ndipo kenako Academy ulemu, Kuznetsov anatumizidwa kukatumikira pa Black Sea zombo. cruiser The "Red Ukraine" anakhala yapamadzi sukulu kwa iye, umene unayamba ndi positi wapolisi ya sitimayo. Popeza 1933, anakhala kazembe wa cruiser ndi, pakutha pa zaka zisanu utumiki chombo chikondwerero monga chitsanzo cha usilikali, kudziletsa, ntchito mfuti. The Navy anayamba kulankhula za kulenga Kuznetsova dongosolo, amene wakhala njira yokonza makhoti ankhondo pa fleets onse a USSR. Woyendetsa wamng'ono udindo woyamba mu 1935 anali kupereka dongosolo la Red Star. Mu nthawi ya utumiki pa cruiser Kuznetsov osauka machenjerero watsopano wochita panyanja nkhondowo, amadziwa kufunika kwa mpweya reconnaissance. Mu mkangano wake ongolankhula limanena kuti anzake onse a mitundu asilikali ayenera zotsatira zabwino mu ntchito ya usilikali. Udindo wofunika kwambiri ndege iye anapatsidwa. M'tsogolo, chiphunzitso chimenechi sikuti anatsimikizira, komanso chifukwa Kuznetsov, chakupulumutsa miyoyo yambiri, zopeleka kwambiri kuti chigonjetso cha Soviet Union pa amadzibisa a nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse.

Spain

Mu 1936, ntchito ongodzipereka oyendetsa polimbana Fascism anali yobereka yake ndi katundu wa chithandizo ku Soviet Union. Kuznetsov monga attaché panyanja ku Spain, mu kuchita, ndi kukhulupirira kuti kulondola kwa chiphunzitso chake. mdani ndege zoyendera zombo kumizidwa mu njira ndi madoko, zochita zawo kwambiri kusokoneza kumaliseche, izi zimakhudza dzuwa la nkhondo. Kuznetsov amalenga nthambi yatsopano - panyanja ndege, ozikidwa pa doko ndi kubweza matenda olimbana mdani. Ntchitoyi anali kupereka kwa Order "Red Chabwino" ndi "Lenin". Pochokera Spain mu 1937, Kuznetsov akaikidwa kukhala wachiwiri ndipo kenako Chief ya Pacific zombo. Ulamuliro waukulu umene Iye anatengedwa kuchokera Kumenyana ku Spain, ndi wokonzeka nthawi zonse aliyense ngalawayo ndi zombo wonse.

nkhondo isanayambe

Mu zaka 30 wa USSR akuyamba kulenga latsopano, amphamvu kwambiri zombo, yemwe anawonongedwa pa Chirasha Japanese nkhondo 1904. Tsogolo asilikali Kuznetsov mu 1937 ali m'gulu lamulo la Chief wa bungwe lankhondo la asilikali apanyanja, amene analengedwa ndi Commissariat. Pa 34, anakhala Commissar Anthu wamng'ono wa apanyanja. Amagonjera ake anali wamng'ono, si anakumana kwambiri, koma kufunafuna pawiri ulemerero wa asilikari zida Russian. Kuznetsov subordinated mwachindunji Stalin, izo zimakhala zovuta ntchito. Mkulu amadzawumanga ilibe latsopano la sitima zazikulu - Nkhondo, cruisers. Kuznetsov M'malo mwake, anaumirira amasulidwe zombo za magulu osiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo ndege zonyamulira. Iye anati mtsogoleri wa kufunika kulenga ndege m'mphepete mwa nyanja, adzatha kuchita kufufuza mofulumira ndi kuonetsetsa kayendedwe abwino zombo. Kufunika anatumizidwa Kuznetsov kuphunzitsa ogwira mphamvu yogwira zonse zinayenda zinthu nkhondowo, mtima uliwonse chombo cha matenda modzidzimutsa. Mu nthawi ya ku masukulu 1938 mpaka mu 1948 ambiri anatsegulidwa kulenga oyenerera alonda panyanja ndi amalinyero. Kuznetsov panokha anapita lililonse chotengera kuwayang'anira kugwilizana kwa ngalawayo ndi malangizo chilango, ganizilani zimene zombo mu womberani. Ndi chiyambi cha nkhondo, ngakhale kuti maganizo ndi Stalin, commissar ndi achinyamata anapanga kuchita zambiri maganizo awo ndi pakhale nkhondo woyenera Soviet zombo.

Great kukonda dziko lako Nkhondo

TASS lipoti, kukana kuthekera vuto German pa Soviet Union, anayamba Kuznetsova kuti achitepo kanthu. zombo okonzeka ndi mafuta, anakonza kufufuza zonse za mbali chuma ndi zipolopolo, kuti analimbikitsidwa olondera ndi nzeru. Popeza May 1941 ogwira wa ngoletsedwa gombe tchuthi, nthawi yomweyo itakula omenyana politpodgotovka. Chiyambi cha Nazi mokwiya zombo anakumana nawo nkhondo wokonzeka zonse, n'kupeŵa zomvetsa. Analenga pamaso pa dongosolo nkhondo zochita zoteteza zinachitika pa malamulo Kuznetsova amafuna popanda alowererepo mwachindunji Commander. Kutseka mabomba, ndi zinachitika sitima zankhondo, mdani ndege anawononga pa njira ku malo zombo. June 24 chikuletsa kuopseza anaonekera pa sitima ya Baltic Navy pa malamulo adaunyema Kuznetsova mu Kronstadt, kusiya Tallinn. Naval zida zankhondo anathandiza kwambiri mu chitetezo cha Leningrad ndi kumasulidwa kwake kwa anatseka misewu ya. Amalinyero nawo ntchito dziko, kuthandiza kuletsa sitima lopondereza. Zoponya mabomba a zombo Baltic mu August 1941 anachititsa kunyanyala angapo akuluakulu Berlin, iwo sanali amavutitsa kwambiri ku likulu German, koma kuukitsa makhalidwe a asilikali athu. Popeza 1944, mkulu wa Commander Kuznetsov ng - asilikali a zombo dzina limeneli ndi kupereka kwa nthawi yoyamba ndipo anakwana polimbana ndi.

chifukwa

Yogwira kumenyana Soviet zombo zinachititsa kuti zomvetsa lalikulu ndi mdani. Zombo asilikali ng Kuznetsov panokha anayamba ntchito zonse kupitirirabe ovomerezedwa ndi ndiye Mtsogoleri Wamkulu, zinthu kuphatikiza zonse ndi manja ena. Zombo, sitima zankhondo pa nkhondo anawononga 1,200 mayunitsi (zoyendera chitetezo) cha mdani. Bulu Aviation mu nkhondo pansi ndi kuthyola zoposa 5,000 German ndege. Pa nthawi yomweyo, magulu a kumpoto zombo wopereka chitetezo ndi mayendedwe a katundu ku anagwirizana mayiko. Masauzande a anthu kuchotsedwa njira ya moyo wa anazinga Leningrad, matani oposa 10 Katundu kwa mzinda njala. Pa minefields anawononga zombo za adani zoposa 200. Zombo asilikali Kuznetsov anali kupereka dongosolo la "Ushakov" 1 digiri "Red Chabwino" ndi "Lenin". zombo oposa 70 anapatsidwa udindo wa alonda, 513 oyendetsa anakhala Zimphona la Soviet Union. Kazembe wa apanyanja asilikali a Soviet Union Kuznetsov nawo misonkhano ya mayiko, misonkhano ndi zokambirana ndi adani.

nkhondo itatha,

Cholinga chachikulu cha yamtendere bulu anali kuchira. ntchito shipbuilding (kuphatikizapo ndege onyamula) ndi chitukuko cha mphamvu panyanja anali kuperekedwa kwa Stalin panokha Commissar. Ng Kuznetsov, asilikali, anapanga wotchuka nkhondo anaumirira mapulani awo ndipo amafuna zomwe kawirikawiri osemphana ndi malingaliro a mtsogoleri. Chifukwa cha kusiyana ndi kudzilungamitsa mu 1948, Kuznetsov anali demoted ku Mulingo wa kumbuyo asilikali ndi pafupifupi pansi padoko. Anakhala miyezi sikisi popanda utumiki, anadwala matenda a mtima, koma kuyamba ntchito monga kazembe mkulu wa asilikali apanyanja a Far East. Kumeneko iye ali nawo udindo wotsatira wotsatila asilikali kachiwiri. Mu 1951, pa dongosolo lenileni la Stalin, anabwerera Moscow ndi kwathunthu asintha khalidwe lawo. Mutu wotsatira wa asilikali Kuznetsov analandira mu 1953, iye anali wakhama pantchito ndipo kufunafuna shipbuilding ntchito younikanso.

katatu asilikali

Tsoka zina za Nikolaya Gerasimovicha zogwirizana ndi zombo kutembenuka ndi mgwirizano wake pafupi ndi mabungwe zogwirizana ndi Academy of Sciences wa USSR kunapangitsa kuti akonze nyukiliya zoyendetsedwa ndi sitima zankhondo. Iye Ufumuyo zofunika kwambiri akuphunzitsa ngalawa mivi. Iwo anaikidwa mu sitima zankhondo ndipo anasefukira mayendedwe a. Lingaliro la chilengedwe cha onyamula ndege ndipo sanapezeke kuzindikira ake mpaka 1972, pamene malinga ndi kufunika kwa mawu a "nkhondo ozizira" ndi United States. Khama Kuznetsova anathandiza poyendetsera pulogalamu ya wamakono wa zombo, koma itakula asapita ake ndi osankhika kulamulira. Pansi Khrushchev, wa asilikali Kuznetsov kachiwiri demoted. matenda kunapangitsa kuti achotsedwe malo mkulu wa asilikali apanyanja, ndi zoona kuchotsedwa choncho, amene pamoyo wake onse. Koma zipatso za ntchito zake yayenda bwino - chotengera ndege asilikali Kuznetsov inamangidwa. Wopuma pantchito Kuznetsov analemba zambiri za yapamadzi, Mabaibulo a mabuku ena ndi ayesedwa kupambana kwawo ndi zigonjetso. Iye anafa pa December 6, 1974, naikidwa Novodevichy manda ku Moscow. Kachitatu mkulu wa asilikali a zombo Kuznetsov atamwalira, mutu unali kubwezedwa mu 1988 wapanikizidwa anzake ndi banja Nikolaya Gerasimovicha.

Chonyamulira ndege asilikali Kuznetsov

Mu 1982, m'matangadza ya Black Sea doko la zombo zapanyanja chachisanu cruiser katundu chinaikidwa pa mbewu. sitimayo wake udaikidwa panyumba, ankafika ndi kulitenga kuchokera ku Lamulungu ndi MiG ndege. Kuchokera pamene atagona pa sitima mpaka mapeto a mitundu yonse ya mayesero, iye anali nawo maina zinayi: "Riga", "Leonid Brezhnev", "Tbilisi". Ndipo kokha mu 1990 chombo chidafika kudziwika ndi dzina "Soviet Union zombo asilikali Kuznetsov". chombo unayambitsidwa mu 1985, anapitiriza chatha buoyant nyumba, akuphunzitsa ndi zida zankhondo. Mu 1989, oyendetsa anaima pa mbali yake, ndipo oyendetsa anayamba kudziyesa runways makhalidwe. Lamulungu 25, Lamulungu 27, Mig 29 ali athana ndi ntchito, ndipo umasamutsidwa ku phindu sitima padoko chifukwa chokwanira.

zida

The ndege chonyamulira asilikali Kuznetsov, chinaperekedwa kwa zojambulidwa angapo. Rada ake, navigation, zida zamagetsi ayenera nthawi zonse akweza. Sitima ya kukula ili ndi kalasi zovuta kutembenuka ndi mtengo ndithu kusunga tcheru, koma zili kwa tsiku lino mu utumiki, udindo tidzakwatulidwa wapangidwa kumpoto zombo. kusamutsidwa ake (pazipita) ndi 61 m, kutalika -. 306 m, m'lifupi - 71. m. Msinkhu - mamita 65, pazipita kusodza -. 10 mamita Pamene ntchito zomangira propulsor pyatilopastnye anayi operekedwa mu dizilo-magudumu kayendedwe (6), ndi chopangira mphamvu nthunzi (4) ndi magudumu chopangira mphamvu (9). Armament tichipeza mivi "Granit", "Dirk", "zigawenga", odana ndi ndege mfuti AK-630, RBU ASW mabomba. Mfundo zikuluzikulu ndege gulu zikuphatikizapo makumi asanu ndege Helicopters.

chitukuko

Pakali pano, ndege chonyamulira asilikali Kuznetsov, ndi sitima yaikulu ya mtundu uwu. analogues ake si opangidwa zingamuthandize Navy mapulani umenewu ndi chinsinsi. Koma utsogoleri wa makono Russian Navy amazindikira chakuti kwaiye N. G. Kuznetsovym zaka 50 zapitazo, chitukuko cha ntchito akadali othandizanso. N'zotheka kuti onyamula ndege watsopano, amene mwamsanga pa sitima zamakono adzaikidwa kukomana ndi zofunikira ano. Izi imakhudzanso zida ndi injini sitimayo. Latsopano panyanja ziwiya molamulidwa ndi admirals wamng'ono adzagonjetsa kukula kwa nyanja, ndi kusonyeza dziko mphamvu ya zida Russian, koma kuyiwala za anthu amene analemba tsamba loyamba la buku lino, si koyenera.