Bursa - dzina la sukulu yophunzitsa zaumulungu mu masiku akale ndi kupitirira. amatanthauza

Chinthu choyamba chimene chimabwera mmaganizo Anu pa kutchulidwa kwa dzina loti "bursa" ntchito "Viy" N. V. Gogolya, chifukwa mbali yaikulu nkhani imeneyi ndi seminarian Khoma Brutus, kutumiza pa tchuthi kunyumba. Mu ntchito za wolemba ndi zokakamiza amatchulidwa kaŵirikaŵiri kwambiri (Andrei ndi Ostap Bulba analinso ophunzira). sukuluzi achipembedzo akhala ambiri mu Ukraine (Russian ufumu), ndipo mu Poland. About omaliza seminare ndi Kuprin analemba ndi Pomyalovski.

metamorphosis akuti

Ponena za chiyambi cha mawu akuti, anabwera kuchokera ku Latin, tisaiwale kuti mu pomasulira mawu akuti "bursa" - thumba kapena kachikwama. Ndiye, mu Ages Middle pansi lingaliro limeneli okwana bokosi ofesi ya iliyonse yophunzitsa bungwe, kunyumba, wogwirizana kapena fraternity. Pang'onopang'ono, akuti wasamutsira kufunika kwake kwa Polipilira sukulu achipembedzo kenako - yokha seminare ndi malo ogona naye. Palibe zodabwitsa mu chakuti masukulu ndi dzina lomwelo loyamba anaonekera mu France, chifukwa chinenero cha dziko lino ndi olaula Latin.

nyumba ndi zili zonse anapereka kwa ophunzira m'sukulu ena otchedwa bursa ndipo ophunzira okhala m'mwemo, anaitanidwa ndi ophunzira, koma French izo adawomba kwambiri ngati wokongola: bursarli kapena bursiati. Mu France mpaka mapeto a seminare XIX m'ma ankakonda kwambiri.

Wotchuka seminare ya Ufumu Russian

Ukraine ndi Poland mu bursa wa - sukulu makamaka achipembedzo, amene ali Kiev ndi kusintha kenako mu Theological Academy. Mu Kraków seminare Dlugosz chinakhalapo mpaka 1840. Pamwamba Kiev abale sukulu ndi kogona pamene inakhalapo pa Petro Mohyla, Metropolitan wa Kiev, Halych ndi onse Russia m'zaka XVII.

Moyo ku seminale Zinali zovuta, chifukwa amapereka zopereka makamaka Cossack formations amene anayamba kukula m'zaka XVII. Monga kwaulere chakudya, zovala ndi nyumba anali oposa zikusowa, ophunzira anayamba kupereka mapepala okhala ndi moyo. Izi zinachitidwa ndi ana okha. Mu malo awo chaka chilichonse ndipo mwakachetechete osankhidwa gulu la anthu amene anali kusonkhanitsa mphatso zachifundo ndi kugawa awo. Awa anali akuluakulu, alembi ndi ogwira. Ndi buku lapadera Album matrasti kupewedwa m'dera kupempha zachifundo.

Komanso, mphatso ophunzira anapanga mukupanga kuti kungotchula rimmed misonkhano, staging ndi kuphedwa Kudera kum'patsa ndalama zofunika.

chizindikiro m'munsi

zinthu bwino ana penapake bursae m'zaka za m'ma XVIII. Chifukwa Metropolitan Arseny bwalo mlaliki wa Elizabeth, ndipeze tsoka la ophunzira. Iye anawonjezeranso ndalama chikalata kwa iwo ndipo anamasulira College dongosolo matabwa mwala, potero kuwongolera zinthu okhala ophunzira. Komabe ntchito zotolera ndalama seminarian potsiriza yoletsedwa ku 1786. Mwachionekere, pakhala nkhanza, ndi kuphunzira pa seminare zowawa.

Mu ena maseminare anali ndi zaka zitatu nthawi kuphunzira ndi zambiri. Pamodzi ndi apamwamba, maphunziro ndi zamulungu anali kuphunzira mbiri, malo ndi masamu. Koma maseminare anagawidwa kwa ana a kwambiri kapena zochepa olemera, pamene bursa zimatanthauza nthawi osauka, maphunziro osati choposa zaka 2, ndipo amatipatsa nzeru anali kochepa. Iwo chogwidwa miyambo auve ndiponso wankhanza, ana ali operewera zakudya m'thupi ndi chokwanira tulo, mulibe kulankhula za kupeza maphunziro abwino. Zonse izi bwino kwambiri zimene akufotokoza "Essays pa seminare" N. G. Pomyalovskogo. Tikumbukenso kuti bukuli ali ndi kumveka bwino kwambiri lonse m'dziko lapansi. Mwina ndicho chifukwa maphunziro sakupereka amalidziŵa bwino amatchedwa akunyoza Baibulo bursa.

makhalidwe ena

Koma seminare - si onse a pamwamba. zina makhalidwe mawu anapatsidwa? Bursa - ndi mzinda chachinayi waukulu kwambiri Turkey, yomwe ili kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa Antalya. Komanso, pali chidule bursitis, womwenso kwa "ulamuliro wagawo poyatsira ndi mantha". Popanda midadada izi sangathe makina nthunzi ndipo boilers madzi otentha. Imakhala oyambitsa kukatentha theka-zodziwikiratu, kukhalabe kutentha anakhumba ndi kuthamanga kuwonjezera mafuta ndi zinthu zina. Kumene, aliyense chipika kuti amaperekedwa kwa iwo okha anafuna chisoso chiwembu.