Kumasulidwa kwa Ukraine kwa adani lopondereza (1943-1944 biennium)

The Great kukonda dziko lako nkhondo anapha anthu mamiliyoni ambiri. Anthu anaimirira dziko lawo ndiponso anamenyera ufulu wa mibadwo ya m'tsogolo. Aliyense dziko la Soviet Union amasunga mbiri yake ndiponso za nkhondo zofunika za tsiku, pamene Anazi anathamangitsidwa m'gawo lake.

Lero, kumasulidwa kwa Ukraine kwa adani lopondereza chikondwerero pa 28 October.

kudwala chiyambi

Kumasulidwa kwa Ukraine mu 1943-1944. Pamafunika izi ungwazi, kudzipereka ndi wakutemwa a asilikali ndi anthu onse. Choyamba, kumbukirani momwe onse anayamba, kenako nkubwerera kuti adzapambane ndi nkhondo yomaliza kwa kwawo.

Mu 1940, Hitler zinasaina dongosolo kuukira pa USSR. Iye anali ndi dzina mokweza "Barbarossa". The Germany kuti anagundidwa ndi mipherezero zitatu njira wolimba mgwirizano: Leningrad, Smolensk ndi Ukraine. Mu ndondomekoyi, mtsogoleri wa ankhondo lopondereza, m'dera la Ukraine inali kukhala munda waukulu ulimi. Ndi mayiko amenewa anali kudyetsedwa Ulamuliro wa Nazi.

Usiku, June 22, 1941 Chiyukireniya SSR anabwera pansi bombardment wa asilikali German mpweya. Sevastopol, Zhytomyr, Kyiv Ismayeli analandira kulasa choyamba. Otsatidwa ndi kuukira mpweya mu mzinda anathyola pansi asilikali a ku Germany.

Iwo anayamba yaitali wamagazi nkhondo. kumasulidwa Ukraine kuchokera Anazi zidzachitika zaka pokhapokha atatu. zaka izi siidzasoŵa mavuto, njala ndi osambitsidwa ndi misozi zowawa za anthu onse Ukraine.

oyamba kugonjetsedwa

Akupitiriza Wachiwiri World nkhondo. Kumasulidwa kwa Ukraine zinachitikadi osati la Soviet Army. Mu June 1942, anakhazikitsa likulu la Chiyukireniya kayendedwe olimbanawo, chimene chinapangitsa kwambiri za kulephera mdani. Kuchichepetsa njanji anawononga ndodo imachitika zosangalatsa zosiyanasiyana. Zimenezi magulu atsopano a thandizo kwambiri.

kumasulidwa Ukraine kwa adani Nazi chinali chigonjetso loyamba la chisanu cha 1942. Pamudzi mu Ukraine - m'mudzi Pivnevka Luhansk dera - kumasulidwa ku Germany asilikali Union, 12/18/1942

14.02.1943 zaka Anazi anathamangitsidwa Lugansk. Pa ntchito ndi kupha asilikali Soviet oposa 10,000.

Zinthu zinasintha a nkhondo - Nkhondo ya Kursk

Akukhulupirira kuti nkhondo yaikulu yomasulira Ukraine kwa adani German anayamba ndi zinasintha pa wotchuka Nkhondo ya Kursk, chimene chinafika kwa 05,07 pa 23.08 1943 Mu lonse, icho chinali chimodzi cha nkhondo lofunika kwambiri la Nkhondo Yachiwiri ya World. Nkhondoyi inatenga masiku 49 lolemera. Ndi pamene asilikali kwambiri wolumala mphamvu ndi mzimu wa asilikali German. Achifasizimu mwachangu amakuthandiza kuganizira mapulani kumenya nkhondo.

Pambuyo nkhondo oopsa a battalions mdani tinasamukira malo kumbuyo mu kutsogolo Soviet-German. Iwo samangokhala anali kutaya asilikali komanso anafunika kuteteza onse malo ofunika zachuma amene posachedwapa anagonjetsa mwa iwo ndi chimwambo.

Tanthauzo la Kumanzere Bank Ukraine kwa Anazi

Limodzi mwa madera amenewa pamalo abwino zofunika lolunjika pa lamanzere gombe Ukraine. Zopindulitsa ananyamula mafakitale ndi makampani khala imapezeka kwambiri mfundo za zopangira m'munsi mwa Donetsk beseni. asilikali anayenera kugonjetsa asilikali ndithu mdani, imene chiwerengero cha anthu 700 000. Akanagwiritsa ntchito kunali zida zamphamvu asilikali kuchuluka kwa mfuti 7.200 ndi mortars 900 warplanes 1,200 oti muli nazo zida stormtroopers. Pambuyo regrouping asilikali kuti boma Soviet anapatsidwa kuti amasule gawo Chiyukireniya.

Chiyambi cha kumasulidwa kwa Kumanzere-Bank Ukraine

Mkulu Lamulo anamvetsetsa kuti basi chifukwa Hitler sanapereke zikuluzikulu kwambiri. Mdani mayunitsi angapatsidwe nthawi kuti achire, kunali kofunika kusamukira kumwera, mpaka Anazi sanabwere kulakwa kwawo ndipo samabwera ndi alikukonzeka watsopano mphamvu atawonongedwa pa nkhondoyo pa za Kursk lofufuma kwambiri mbali imodzi. Aliyense ankadziwa kuti kumasulidwa kwa dera la USSR adzakhala protracted. Kumanzere-Bank Ukraine anauzidwa kuti amasule madera amphamvu: South-Western, steppe, Central ndi Voronezh. ntchito zina osati ufulu, komanso kudutsa wa Dnieper m'madera ambiri. Kunali koyenera kuti Anazi unagawanika asilikali ake kuwonjezera pa malo aakulu, choncho kukunda nyamarwa adzakhala chophweka kwambiri. amadzibisa atatu ophatikizana anthu oposa 1.5 miliyoni amene akukhala kupambana. magulu athu ankhondo mayunitsi 30 000 a zida zankhondo, 1700 ndege zankhondo ndi 1180 akasinja.

23.08.43 mzinda - mphamvu asilikali anamasula Kharkov.

08.30.43 chaka - nawo ufulu Taganrog.

Donbass kumasulidwa

Pa malowedwe athu kwa Donbass asilikali Russian inkakhala ziŵiri ndithu: South-West ndi South. Panali anthu pafupifupi mamiliyoni 1.1 anthu, 1,500 ndege, 1,500 akasinja. Detachments la asilikali Soviet anatembenuka cha kumadzulo.

08.09.1943 chaka - ndi South-Western Front, amene anali wotsogozedwa ndi Malinowski, anamasulidwa Donetsk.

09.10.1943 chaka - nawo ufulu Mariupol. Kumasulidwa kwa Ukraine mu 1943-1944. Zinali pachimake.

22.09.43 mzinda - asilikali Nazi anaponya Dnieper pa Dnipropetrovsk-Zaporizhia. deti limeneli ankaona tsiku kumasulidwa kwa Donbass.

Pa wamagazi nkhondo oopsa makamaka adadziwa zochita zake 34 alonda Division. Sikisitini za asilikali ake kupereka mutu Hero wa Soviet Union. Kusiyana ndi Gorlovskaya Nambala 126 la oyenda Division - Zimphona ali seventini ozimitsa ake. Pambali mutu wa Zimphona analandira zina asilikali 80 ndi atsogoleri a amadzibisa zosiyanasiyana kwa ungwazi pa kumasulidwa kwa Donbass. oyendetsa DB Glinka ndi oi Pokryshkin komanso Hero wa USSR, ndi nkhondo za Donbass analandira chachiwiri aulemu Mendulo "Gold Star".

Kwawo, ndi dziko la Germany anawononga popanda chifundo ndi chisoni zonse mu njira yake: nyumba moto ndi zomera, chiphe zitsime madzi, anamaliza kuchokera akaidi.

Nkhondo ya Dnieper. Chernihiv ndi Poltava nkhondo

Nkhondo ya Dnieper - zokhudzana ntchito pa Nkhondo Yachiwiri ya World unachitika pa magombe a Dnieper. Movement inayamba mu chaka cha 1943 ndipo zinatha 4 months yaitali.

Gawo loyamba - ndewu kudzera Chernihiv, Poltava 26.08-30.09.1943 chaka chimene nawo 2 Panzer Army, ndi Voronezh, Central ndi amadzibisa steppe.

27.08.43 mzinda - ndi athamangitsidwe wa Nazi ku Sevsk.

09/03/1943 - kutenga Konotop, kuyeretsa Seim mtsinje Nazi.

02.09.1943 - kumasulidwa kwa Sumy.

04.09.1943 chaka - kutenga mzinda Merefa.

09.15.1943 - mzinda Nezhinskaya anamasulidwa.

09/16/1943 - Germany anachotsedwa Novgorod-Seversky.

09.21.1943 - asilikali anapita Chernigov.

09.23.1943 - pambuyo itachita bwino anatengedwa Poltava.

Pa nkhondo yoyamba pa Dnieper Mtsinje, kupha asilikali oposa 100 zikwi Soviet, mazana amalembedwa Hero wa Soviet Union cha kulimba mtima kwawo ndi kudzipereka.

Nizhnedneprovsk opareshoni

Siteji yotsatira ya nkhondo chifukwa waukulu mtsinje wa Ukraine - pomenyana ndi malire m'munsi kuchokera 09.26.1943 mpaka 20.12.1943 chaka. Iwo anagwira ndi Southern, Southwestern ndi steppe amadzibisa.

14.10.1943 - kumasulidwa kwa Zaporozhye.

23/10/1943 - Wopambana nkhondo chifukwa Melitopol.

25/10/1943 - asilikali Soviet analowa mu Dnepropetrovsk ndi Dneprodzerzhinsk.

30/10/1943 - anamasulidwa Genichesk.

Okwana pa Nizhnedneprovsk ntchito anapha asilikali oposa 170 zikwi za Soviet Army. The bwino kumenyana ndi Dnieper analenga zinthu yomasulira Kiev.

Kyiv kumasulidwa

The Red Army akubwera mofulumira. 1 Chiyukireniya Front (poyamba anaitanidwa Voroneshski) lolunjika pa mphamvu zazikulu mantha njira Kiev. zovuta kuyeretsa mzinda ku Germany ku chikumbutso cha ulimi wa 1917. Pa nthawi imeneyo 1 Chiyukireniya Front nawo pafupi 665.000 asilikali, kuti mfuti 7000 ndi mortars, 675 akasinja ndi iyambitsa mfuti 700 nkhondowo ndege adaperekedwa kwa asilikali.

Chifukwa cha kupatutsa mdani November 1 Red Army anayamba amanyansidwa fictitious Bukrin bridgehead. Panopa nagonjetsa anayamba 11/3/43 ndi Lyutezhskogo ankamasulira inatenga masiku 10. Pamodzi ndi asilikali Soviet kumenyana ndi asilikali molimba mtima Czechoslovak. Kulimba mtima ndi ungwazi kunkhondo chifukwa Kiev osati zochitika za asilikali a Red Army, komanso mobisa m'dera ndi partisans amene anamenyana koopsa ntchito nzeru zofunikira asilikali ndi mfundo zothandiza pa malo a asilikali mdani. thandizo kwambiri kwa anthu a m'deralo. Anathandiza asilikali anasungunuka pansi Dnieper ankanena workarounds.

chaka 11.06.43 Kiev analandidwa. Mu Moscow iwo unapangidwa bungwe makombola polemekeza kumasulidwa kwa mzinda. Kulimbika mazana a asilikali anapatsidwa mendulo ndi malamulo.

07.11.1943 - wosamasula Fastova.

11/13/43 - anamasula Zhitomir.

The kwadzaoneni zatha, kuyandikira yozizira, chakudya lafika poipa kwambiri chifukwa cha Tambasula za mzere kutsogolo pa ntchito ya Kiev a magulu Red Army. Choncho, pa kukonzanso ndi kukulitsa wa asilikali 13,11 pa 12/22/43 kuti zinachitikadi otchedwa Kiev ntchito kumbuyo. ntchito yake yaikulu inali kusunga malo Kiev. Mwatsoka, mfundo zingapo amphamvu, kuphatikizapo Zhitomir, anali kachiwiri anagwidwa ndi Nazi. Komabe, Kiev wakhala anatha kusunga.

Mmene tingagonjetsere Ali-Bank Ukraine

The anamasulidwa mu-Bank Ukraine lidayikidwa chifukwa cha ntchito Dnieper-Carpathian 24/12/43 pa 17/04/44. Ine anachita izo mu masiteji. Gawo loyamba - Chimodzimodzi Berdichevskaya-opareshoni (24.12.43-14.01.44) ndi amanyansidwa (05-16.01.1944) magulu Kirovohrad 1 ndi 2 Chiyukireniya amadzibisa. Iwo anamasulidwa pa White Church, Berdichev, Novograd Volyn, Radomyshl.

31/12/1943 - kukonzanso kumasulidwa Zhitomir. tsiku lino lakhala chikumbutso kwa mzinda. Polemekeza anamasulidwa Zhitomir mu Moscow sawatcha 224 mfuti.

01.08.1944 chaka - tsiku la anamasulidwa Kirovograd.

Kuti 11.01.1944 anali asilikali athu ali bwino patsogolo pa mzere kutsogolo ndipo anapita Vinnitsa, Zhmerinka, ndi Zhashkiv Uman.

Kuswa asilikali atalamulidwa kuti asiye nagonjetsa udindo kumbuyo kugwira mpaka 16 January.

Korsun- ntchito Shevchenkivska

Opaleshoni imeneyi inali siteji yotsatira ya Dnieper-Carpathian zolawula. Iye anatenga 24,01 pa 17.02.1944 pa Nkhondo nawo mphamvu ya 1 ndi amadzibisa 2. Mibadwo ya kumasulidwa kwa midzi ku Nazi:

mzinda 26.01.1944 - Kapitonovka, Rossohovatna,

January 27 - Shpola, Madzi, Lipyanka, Mezhyhiria,

January 28 - Zvenyhorodka, zimayambira,

30 January - Kvitka,

06 February - Olszak,

February 9 - Chimulu cha Dothi,

Feb. 14 - Korsun-Shevchenko.

mkanganowo lolemera kwambiri. Germany anali analimbana koopsa, kotero zabwino alternated zigonjetso. Malinga ntchito ndalama wakhala omangika, kotero mtsogoleri wa asilikali a 1st Front Vatutin anali inaimitsidwa, ndi mu malo ake akusankhidwa ndi dongosolo la General Konev.

Pankhondo ya Korsun-Cherkassy Pocket 47,000 asilikali German anali atazunguliridwa. February 17 mdani adalikung'ambika mu "mphika". Ngakhale mbali yaing'ono ya ku Germany akadali anathyola, mphamvu yaikulu anali balala. Okwana pa ntchito imeneyi anapha asilikali 80 zikwi Soviet. Pakuti bwinobwino opaleshoni Konev anali kupereka mutu wa kulamulira dziko la Soviet Union.

Zolawula wa Red Army mu February-April 1944

kumasulidwa Ukraine kuchokera Nazi ankhondowo anapitiriza. Chiyambireni cha February kwa m'ma April, USSR asilikali anachita mndandanda kuukira bwino, zomwe zinachititsa pafupifupi kumanja Bank Ukraine yachotsedwa a ankhondowo German.

Rovno-Lutsk ntchito zinachitikadi ndi Front 1 ndi 27.01 pa 02/11/44 Potsatira zotsatira za nkhondo yaitali February 2 akhala Achotsa Germany Lutsk ndi Rivne, ndi 11.02 ndi yofunika njira mfundo Shepetivka.

30.01-29.02.44 - Nikopol-Krivoy Rog zolawula, anafika 3 ndi 4 Chiyukireniya amadzibisa. Ife anamenyera Krivoy Rog ndi Nikopol bridgehead. Mbali zimenezi zinali zofunika kwambiri kwa Nazi Germany, chifukwa apa zinachitikadi migodi ya chitsulo ndi manganese miyala. Nikopol linatuluka pa February 8, ndi Krivoy Rog - manambala 22.

04.03-17.04 05.03-17.04.44 chaka ndi 2 kunachitika ntchito yomweyi: Proskurov-Chernivci ndi Uman-Botoshanskaya. Iwo ankagwira asilikali wa 1 ndi 2 Chiyukireniya amadzibisa. Iwo anamasulidwa: 10,03 - Uman, 15,03 - Dubno 18,03 - Zhmerynka, 19,03 - Mogilev-Podolsky, 20,03 - Vinnitsa, 21,03 - Chmielnik, 23,03 - Chortkiv, 26,03 - Balti, 29,03 - Chernivtsi. asilikali mwamsanga anatenga mtsinje Prut ndipo anawoloka Romania. The bwino pambali 2 Chiyukireniya kutsogolo chayandikira m'tsinde Carpathians.

Imodzi nkhondo amachitika malangizo kum'mwera. Kuyambira 06 mpaka 18 March 3 Chiyukireniya asilikali Front anagwira Bereznegovatoe Snigirevskaya-opareshoni, chifukwa cha zomwe mdani idagonjetsedwa m'dera pakati pa Bug Kumwera ndi Ingulets, anamuchotsera Anazi zingapo midzi. 18/03/44 wa asilikali anapita Nikolaev, amene anamasulidwa pa March 28. Odessa - 10/04/44, chifukwa cha doko Odessa Black Sea opaleshoni yaikulu linatulutsidwa. Kumasuka Tsiku akuyandikira Ukraine.

Motsogozedwa kumadzulo

Kuyambira 13,07 pa 08/29/44, nkhondo yakula anali kuchitidwa nawo asilikali a 1 ndi 4 Chiyukireniya amadzibisa yomasulira Western Ukraine. City Galich anatulutsidwa pa July 24. Ndi thandizo la partisans Polish, asilikali a Soviet wotanganidwa July 27 Stanislav, Lviv ndi Przemysl. Gawo loyamba la tingalimbanirane.

Yachiwiri anayamba usiku pa July 28, ndi gulu amanyansidwa wa asilikali Soviet pa mtsinje Vistula. Kumenyana anali olimba kwa mudzi uli wonse ndi mudzi asilikali kumenyana amasowa, ndalama nawo ntchito mphamvu onse malo. Chifukwa, yaikulu Sandomierz bridgehead unakhazikitsidwa pa 29 August. Usana ndi usiku, asilikali athu anamenyera nkhondo posungira wa malire ndi patsogolo a bridgehead lapansi.

Chomaliza ku kumasulidwa kwa Ukraine

4 Chiyukireniya Front anali pachibwenzi ndi kumasula Carpathians ndi Transcarpathian Ukraine. Pamodzi ndi mayunitsi a 1st Chiyukireniya Front, iye anapita pa tiponye malangizo Carpathian. Kupita patsogolo kwambiri imathetsa kulimbikira wosamvera. asilikali Chihangare. Pa nkhondo woopsa wa chaka anamasulidwa 05/08/44 tawuni Stryi, Aug. 06 - Drohobych.

Mu mapiri ndi mitengo mtunda wa Carpathians zinali zovuta kulimbana, asilikali ankhondo anaphwa, analibe zida zokwanira. Mu zinthu izi, mlingo atalamula kwa August 15, asilikali a 4 Chiyukireniya kutsogolo kumbuyo. azungu anayamba amanyansidwa zikuluzikulu mu General Wogwila.

Pankhondo ya Dukla Pass kuti 08,09 pa 28/10/44, iye anali Achotsa Aroma omwe ankalamulira dzikolo onse Western Ukraine. Tsopano lonse Chiyukireniya SSR anali mfulu. Soviet asilikali anamwalira mu ntchito imeneyi ndi pafupifupi 300 zikwi. Asilikali pafupifupi 2 miliyoni zidutswa, akasinja 1000 ndipo pafupifupi 300 ndege.

28.10.1944 chaka - tsiku yomenyera Ukraine kuchokera Nazi.

Apanso dziko

October 28 chinachitika kumasulidwa kwa Ukraine mu 1944. Anthu mokondwera moni liberators. m'gawo Chiyukireniya adaonongedwa ndi 2/3, makampani ndi ulimi kufunika adzaukitsidwa kwa pafupifupi ziro mlingo. Re-achoke anachedwa, boma ku boma la Russia safuna kubwerera maofesi mafakitale amene mwangwiro anakakhala kum'mawa kwa dziko la Soviet Union. Donbass analandira m'munsi ndalama ya kukhazikitsanso zomera. Nkhondo inali kupitirirabe, kotero zitsulo ndi malasha anali pamalo abwino zofunika zothandiza kuti kutsogolo. Ambiri amuna amphamvu anali pa nkhondo, kotero ntchito azimayi ndi achinyamata. magulu awo poyamba, ndipo kenako mothandizidwa ndi asilikali pochokera nkhondo Ukraine kwenikweni anauka kwa phulusa.

Mu 2014, ife phwando la chikumbutso 70 yomenyera Ukraine ku Germany. Analemekeza anamenyela kuyala maluwa pa phazi la chipilala kwa akufa chete mphindi za kuzunzika mpaka imfa m'ndende zawo aphedwe. kumasulidwa Ukraine kuchokera Nazi ankhondowo sanali kuuona mopepuka. Masauzande asilikali anaphedwa pankhondo, mtendere womwewo wa Ukrainians akodwa adzawononga German. ungwazi awo, kulimba mtima wodzipereka chikondi kwa Lathu ndi tsiku losangalatsa za ufulu wa Ukraine siyenera.