Richard Dadd: wanzeru wojambula amene misala

Mosakayikira, Richard Dadd - mmodzi wa kanjedza otchuka mu zojambulajambula. yonena wake kukuchititsa zambiri mikangano ndi mtsutso pakati otsutsa ndi okonda zojambulajambula wa ambuye chabwino luso la Kale.

History openga wojambula

Aliyense amene amadziŵa bwino osachepera mbali yaing'ono ya ntchito za mbuye uwu, tidziwa nanga ulendo wa moyo Richard Dadd. The yonena za munthu uyu walowa mu chikhalidwe cha mantha ndi kusangalala pa nthawi yomweyo, koma Komabe, n'zochititsa chidwi. Tikumbukenso kuti dera la zojambulajambula, tikambirana zina, anakhalabe zilipo omvera lonse kwa nthawi yaitali. Koma kumapeto kwa zaka za zana otsiriza, mbiri ya wojambula lalikulu anadziwa dziko lonse kuti anathandiza kukopa tcheru pagulu vuto la kuzindikira kuthekera kulenga kwa anthu amene maganizo thanzi sali bwino monga momwe zinachitikira ndi Richard Dadd.

Lero, ndi kutsogolera apadera mabungwe kuchipatala ukatswiri zogwirizana ndi zokambirana otseguka kumene odwala ndi ufulu kujambula, sculpt, n'kupangira nkhuni. Kwenikweni anafunsa, mu njira imene connoisseurs luso kugulitsa katswiri wapadera kupenta, lolembedwa ndi dzanja la anthu wadwala matenda okhudza ubongo.

Zithunzi za munthu wadwala matenda okhudza ubongo

akaikwera, ndi njira, kuyembekezera chithunzi, amene anapanga Richard Dadd. "Misala Genius" - kotero analankhula za iye m'nthawi. Monga kulankhula za izo mpaka tsiku lino. Mbali yaikulu ya moyo wake anakhala mu mbuye chipatala cha amisala. Pa moyo wa luntha lake sanathe anayamikira, chopunthwitsa chachikulu ankaona matenda ake. Koma patapita zaka makumi angapo kulenga njira Richard Dadd ndinapeza mafani awo. Zojambulazo wa wojambula chachikulu ichi ndi chinthu kukhumba okhometsa ndi connoisseurs wa zithunzi, kotero tsopano aliyense ntchito yake ayenera moona lowoneka bwino ndalama.

About "bedlam" mawu ambiri adamva, palibe amene anaganiza kuti nkhaniyo chikugwirizana ndi dzina ili. Ndipotu Bedlam ukhacemeridwa Berem Hospital anthu a ubongo ndi maganizo olakwikawo. malo ili popenyana ndi lodziwika bwino Tower wa London. Kuyambira m'zaka za m'ma XVIII anabweretsedwa ku malo awa onse nzika maganizo, kusokonezeka ndi kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma lotsatira, mu 1815, panali kale zonse kunachitika mankhwala kuchipatala anthu amene muyenera wapadera maganizo microclimate ndi mtundu wa mankhwala.

Bedlam mu moyo wa Richard Dadd

Tsiku lina mu 1844, gulu la odwala misala limodzi ndi lodziwika bwino Richard Dadd. "The Fairy Feller a Master-Sitiroko" (akuthamanga pang'ono patsogolo) - mmodzi wa wotchuka ndi otchuka ntchito zake, mpake amanenera akatswiri a maphunziro chikhalidwe, kupenta ndi luso, anali anabwelenso pa lona kuno ku chipatala. Mu 1844 chithunzicho anatengedwa ku polisi, kumene ankapatsidwa ndi amachirikiza milandu.

Richard Dadd anali pano atamangidwa wake. yazamalamulo anamangidwa pafupi ndi likulu French pa nthawi imene wojambula analumpha pa wina m'basimo chikuku. Pa kufunsidwa ndi, zikuoneka anamuyankha kuti ndidzakuchezera Vienna ndi kupha mfumu ya Austria. Iye anavomereza kupha bambo ake. Iwo likukhalira kuti m'chaka kugwila mnyamata 27 wazaka kwenikweni anaphedwa mu nkhalango ya bambo ake. Kuvomereza mu khwerero la zigawenga za, Duddy anapereka kuona munthu woipa umenewo. Ichi chinali chifukwa chachikulu kulanda polisi kunyumba kwa misala.

Kumene, Richard Dadd mu Bedlam sanali kokha criminally misala. Komabe, tsoka wake ndi wapadera kuti powerenga izo, inu mukhoza bwinobwino ndikutsutsa chikhulupiriro chofala wa ndikosatheka kuli wanzeru ndi woipa amene amabweretsa zonse adagulung'undisa mu chimodzi.

Childhood ndi unyamata wa mmisiri

Anabadwa wojambula mu UK mu 1817, m'tauni ya Chatham. Ngakhale kuti anali tauni yaing'ono, iye anadzozedwa mokwanira odziwika nthawi m'gawo la lonse la Britain ano. Chatham anali gawo la Royal Navy zombo. Makolo Daddah anali wodzichepetsa ntchito mankhwala - iwo anali ndi mankhwala m'chigawo chapakati cha mzinda.

Education Richard anali mu sukulu ina. chikumbutso ake 20 Duddy taonera kale mu London, chifukwa ndi nthawi bambo anga wakutsegula situdiyo wake kumeneko. Afotokozerane pa nkhuni kusema ndi gilding zodzikongoletsera losema, mnyamata kufanana anapezeka maphunziro pa Art Academy ku nyumba yachifumu. Bungweli chimaonedwabe sukulu zapamwamba of Wabwino Tirhana ku Albion.

ulendo amapha

Patatha zaka zochepa chabe mwa Richard Dadd tinakambirana za mmene osauka luso Mlengi. Sir Thomas Phillips, anamuitana pamodzi pa kukaona ku Egypt ndi Middle East. Akukhulupirira kuti ulendo uno zatenganso mbali amapha mu moyo wa mnyamatayo.
ulendo zinali zovuta. Patapita nthawi yotopetsa msewu boma lake maganizo anali ogwetsa kuti Duddy anavomereza mu makalata bwenzi kusintha wake chogwirika. Vuto akugona, m'maganizo chikusefukira anaitana Richard mantha mtendere wawo wa mumtima.

Mwina, chithunzicho analandira kuganiza kukoma paulendo wake ku Iguputo, "mzinda wa akufa." Kuyambira pamenepo, iye anayamba kukhulupirira kuti mphamvu Osirisi anayamba iziwalamulira. Chifukwa chodzikonda kutsirikidwa Richard Dadd anayamba kukhala zowopsa ndi ziwanda. Iye atapezeka ndi chikhumbo zoopsa: Mwachitsanzo, pa njira kunyumba, kamodzi mu Italy, iye anavomereza kuti angakonde kupha Papa.

Sunstroke kapena akuchita misala?

Mukamva mau awa akuti palibe amene anatenga luso mnyamata, kupeza zizindikiro woyamba wa misala opusa nthabwala analephera chifukwa kutopa kwambiri. Komanso, pa kudza kwake mu London, ndi umboni wa akatswiri a kanthu Muzisamala anapezeka khalidwe wodwalayo. Madokotala anandipeza "sunstroke."

Achibale ndi anzake a chithunzicho, ndipo ankakhulupirira kuti mwanayo anakhala kudzipatula ndipo penapake eccentric mozama nkhawa. Richard Dadd (chithunzi wojambula sangathe kudziwiratu kusonyeza kusintha chifukwa boma lake kudwala m'maganizo) anali m'chipinda chake mazira mazana angapo, ndipo nthawi zonse ankavala magolovesi zopangidwa mbuzi khungu. Munthu woyamba kuthetsa nkhani matenda oyambirira a chowonadi, anakhala zamaganizo dzina lake Aleksandr Sazerlend. Iye pafupifupi alamulidwa mnyamata banja: a luso wamng'ono wojambula Richard Dadd sangathenso monga kukhala ndi udindo pa zochita zake, iye sangathe. Ayamikira yotentha ndi Richard anakhala kudzipatula kwa anthu nthawi zonse zachipatala kuyang'aniridwa.

Kupha bambo ndi moyo wonse kudzipatula

Ndipo panalibe ngozi kuti posachedwapa anaukitsidwadi mpaka kalekale. Robert Duddy anaphedwa ndi mwana wake. Pa cikondwelelo asilikali Chatham mnyamata wodwala mu boma okondwa ndi anaukira bambo ake. mpeni yapamadzi iye anagunda Robert Daddah mu chifuwa ndi ndiye kudula khosi lake. Tsiku lotsatira, thupi womwalirayo anapezeka, koma uthenga wa adani a munthu wamisala ndipo chabwino wojambula ali zimauluka kwa England okha patapita chaka.

Moyo wake wonse Richard Dadd anakhala mu chipatala. Bedlam Kodi mfundo yomaliza iye. Ngakhale kuti kumeneko kwathunthu asakhalenso mu dziko ndi anthu wamba, wojambula si anamwaza luntha lake. Matendawa sikumangotikhudza kugwira ntchito kwa ubongo udindo luso lake. Mpaka mapeto a ntchito yake wojambula anapitiriza kulenga katswiri akutiakuti.

Kubvomereza talente lunatic mlengi

Richard Dadd njira kulenga chidwi pafupifupi zaka zana pambuyo pa imfa ya wolemba wotchuka kwambiri. Chithunzi choyamba, adagula mapaundi 500 zikwi, "Mkangano: Oberon ndi Titania" mu 1984 anatsegula chidwi ntchito zina Mlengi. Patapita zaka zingapo pansi nyundo anagulitsidwa wina mwaluso - "Kukhala wojambula m'chipululu" mapaundi 100 zikwi. Umboni wa kutchuka kwa mlembi wa Bedlam n'chakuti ambiri ntchito chake zili tambirimbiri padziko lonse lapansi luso.

"Wag lowoneka wokwera" Richard Dadd kuliganizira wapadera. wojambula kulengedwa kupenta kwa zaka 9 kuchipatala cha anthu amisala. Izi kupenta lodziwika bwino - mmodzi wa katswiri ambiri amene anapanga Richard Dadd. "The Fairy Feller a Master-Sitiroko" maziko kwa chilengedwe cha zina zambiri ntchito wapatali osati luso wokongola. Mwachitsanzo:

• mu 1988 chifukwa kufotokoza Oliver Knussenom lidalembedwa zongopeka nyimbo amatchedwa "akupita patsogolo ndi makombola";
• mu buku la "The tinkacheza Free Amuna" Terri Pratchetta pali akutchula za chithunzi;
• Mmodzi wa kumenya wa gulu thanthwe Mfumukazi ali ndi mayina ofanana.

mawu ochepa A za "flick wa Fairy Lumberjack"

Kufotokoza mwa chidule za izi kuliganizira. Mu Pachithunzipa ndi zomera. Maluwa ndi zitsamba wowerenga n'zosavuta kudziwa dziko sanali sakupezeka a nkhani zopeka. Nkhaniyo, ndi anthu onse nthano akudikira nthawi pamene wokwera kugunda hazelnuts. chipatso pakati pa zikuchokera lonse, "Master kugwedezeka maphwando a wokwera." Richard Dadd ngati mwapadera anapatsa iye ndi mphamvu zamatsenga. Zikuoneka kuti mwamsanga pamene nkhwangwa ankachitsegula icho chinthu china chofunika kwa anthu otchulidwa chithunzi dzinari kufuna kuchitidwa.

"Wag lowoneka wokwera" Richard Dadd poyamba kulamula bwana wamkulu wa Hospital Royal. Genri Gayden mobwerezabwereza chidwi talente aluso wadwala matenda okhudza ubongo. Kuti lero chinsalu chachikulu unabwera kudutsa mu ntchito ya Tate Gallery. English ndakatulo Sigmund Sassoon anapereka ntchito pokumbukira mnzake (by njira, anali mdzukulu wa Richard Dadd) Julian Duddy.

Monga Daddah zaka wake ku chipatala: madokotala zolemba

Chinsinsi lalikulu ofufuza lero kuti mbuye anatha kulenga zinthu zoipazi. Ndipo Mukaganizira kuti Bedlam, poyerekeza ndi mabungwe ofanana zachipatala, ankaona mfundo za nthawi imeneyo, ambiri uweme, n'zovuta kuona mmene amisala whiled kutali masiku awo kwina. Komiti, amene anaika otchedwa criminally wamisala (ndi anthu anagwira Daddah), monga mboni, maselo anafanana zambiri zolusa oopsa.

Kapezekedwe ka zokhudza mmene chithunzicho wakhala zaka zoposa 40 mu Bedlam - mtengo wa Charles nyumba. Uyu ndi 1852 anatumikira monga dokotala wamkulu ku chipatala. Ndi zifika kwambiri mu ntchito kwa mabungwe zachipatala wasintha kwambiri. Makamaka, pakuwonekera kwake kugwirizana ndi chiyambi cha kuchita mbiri. Pakuti onsewa matenda anamwino anayamba kuchitira kwambiri kwambiri. About Richard Dadd ndi pang'ono odziwika, koma monga Charles nyumba, anali mmodzi wa odwala owopsa ndi mwamakani. Nthawiyi, dokotala ananena kuti wosangalatsa ndi chidwi interlocutor kuposa zimene munthu uyu, iye sanayambe akomanapo mu moyo wake. Sanamuona mu nthawi ya kukambirana nzeru zake waluntha, chimagwirira mu mokoma zinthu amalikonda anali zosatheka.

wojambula sanali mwana yekhayo Roberta Dadda. N'zochititsa chidwi kuti mng'ono wa Richard George komanso anakapezeka Bedlam nthawi zina pambuyo pa imfa ya bambo ake. Iwo anali ankaganiza kuti abale awiri anavutika ndi matenda, yotengedwa ndi cholowa. matenda m'maganizo ndi maganizo, Richard ndi George kwa nthawi yaitali sankafuna yokha, ukuyenda mu mawonekedwe zobisika, koma atadziŵa zinthu zina, njira matenda a m'maganizo wakhala anapezerapo.

Kusamukira ku Broadmoor ndi zaka zomalizira za moyo wake

Mu 1864, patatha zaka 20 mu Bedlam, Daddah amadutsa mu Broadmoor. kuchipatala Modern anamanga dzana, kuwona dotolo malo abwino kwambiri kukhala ndi wojambula luso. Iye anali kwambiri ubwino poyerekeza Bedlam. Kusamukira kuno kunathandiza zabwino maganizo athu a Richard Dadd, ngakhale kusintha kwakukulu kuti sichinachitikepo.

Zilandiridwenso Richard Dadd, amene wakhala ndi moyo kwa zaka pafupifupi 70 ndipo anamwalira mu 1886 TB ndi kukwapula lero. Azamisala ndi zamaganizo tayesera kupeza zojambula wake chilichonse, umboni wa chisokonezo maganizo. Mwa njira, "wochoka ku Aigupto", "Wopenga Jane", "masautso" lili kwambiri mbali zosiyanasiyana analola akatswiri pang'ono kumasulira zinsinsi za matenda okhudza ubongo mwapang'ono.

madokotala amakono mosakayikira kuti matenda wojambula sukanakhala chigamulo lero. Oyenerera kuwukonza chikhalidwe maganizo a wodwalayo kuti anam'patsa mwayi kuletsa pawekha. Mu yachibadwa, moyo unrestricted, mwina kubwezeretsa kuti apita mofulumira kwambiri. Pa nthawi yomweyo kuonetsetsa kuti mlingo zamphamvu mankhwala psychotropic ziribe mphamvu pa ntchito yake yolenga, palibe. Luntha la mbuye anakhalabe zikomo labwinobwino kwakukulukulu otetezeka ndiponso operewera mankhwala pa nthawi imeneyo.

mudziwe Medical za Richard Dadd ali ndi mfundo zikusonyeza kuti imfa yomaliza ya luntha ndi wojambula mu 1869. Pa nthawi yomweyo, iye anapitiriza kujambula pafupifupi mpaka imfa yake. ntchito posachedwapa Mlengi pachibwenzi 1883. Zaka zingapo asanamwalire makamaka zovuta anapatsidwa wojambula-mwapang'ono. Pamene onse aiwala ndipo anasiya, wandewu emaciated, akudwala chifuwa aakulu ndi magazi. Mu 1886 anamwalira Richard Dadd kupenta amene ngakhale lero amakopeka maso ndi kuwapanga amawasirira.

Richard Dadd mlandu monga umboni wa mphamvu ya njira ya "ndingaliro yogwira"

Art amamuonera chapadera kwambiri pa matenda a wadwala matenda okhudza ubongo. mphamvu ya njira ya "ndingaliro yogwira" zatsimikiziridwa pakati Mu zaka zapitazo, Karlom Yungom. Mapulogalamu zochokera umboni wake pa mphamvu ya luso mkati yotithandiza chilengedwe cha ntchito kumwa a lachibadwa. Pezani chilolezo zamatsenga nkhondo pa nkhani iliyonse munthu zitha kukhala njira chikomokere, kuwapatsa malangizo kufunika mawu, nyimbo ndi zithunzi.

Mwatsoka, mu XIX m'zaka za njira "ndingaliro yogwira" sinali kudziwika. Pa nthawi, izi chigawo cha misala ntchito mwakhama mabungwe ambiri zachipatala ku Ulaya, kuphatikizapo Italy, England, France, etc. Zotsatira zake zinasonyeza kuti njira Carl Jung, sitileka kudabwa ndi lero: odwala, kumvetsera nyimbo kapena kulemba inks, kukhadzikika mu kangapo mofulumira kuposa kutenga mankhwala.

Njira imeneyi zosangalatsa amathandiza kuthetsa mkwiyo ndi wosakhutira, kumasuka ndi khutu njira mkati wauzimu. Mwina izi ndi zimene imasowa Richard Dadd, ndi wojambula wanzeru, wamphamvu kulenga mlandu umene munthu sangathe gombeli.