Tsiku lirilonse tiyenera kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala opangidwa kuchokera PVC. Kodi mankhwala?

Izo ziyenera kuti moyo wamasiku ano adzakhala wovuta kwambiri popanda PVC. Kodi izo kwa chuma masiku ano? Tsatanetsatane wa PVC masiku ano mpaka makilogalamu 15 a kulemera okwana avareji galimoto European, nkhaniyi kumatanthauza kupanga katundu ogula (mipira, zovala, nsapato, mipando, chophimba pansi, makhadi, etc.)

Mankhwala oposa theka atumwi amagwiritsa PVC. Ndichiyani Tingaone kuti potchula ambiri osakwatiwa-ntchito zipangizo. Kumene mungapeze phukusi kwa miyala, matayala, Magolovesi opaleshoni, catheters, zipangizo kudya, matumba magazi. Nkhanizi amakhala ndi mtengo wotsika, ali bwinobwino m'malo jombo ndi galasi, mosavuta chosawilitsidwa, zikhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito mwa thupi la munthu.

Ngati tiyang'ana pa zinthu kunyumba kwathu, ambiri a iwo anapanga wa PVC. Kodi zingakhale? Polyvinyl mankhwala enaake zambiri maziko kutchinjiriza magetsi, mapaipi, mbiri zenera, zidole, zipangizo ma CD, mafoni, mabotolo pulasitiki, machubu kwa mankhwala otsukira mano ndi zina zambiri.

Kodi Mzimuyo ndi ambiri PVC? Kodi ndi mankhwala amazionera? Malinga ndi chilinganizo (-CH2-CHCl-) mu digiri N (mlingo wa polymerisation) PVC ndi polima kupanga m'dziko la m'munsi ndi amapangidwa kuchokera chlorine ndi mafuta (57 ndi 43 peresenti motero). Kupanga ndondomeko pa zosakwana hafu amadalira amapereka mankhwala mafuta, zomwe zimachititsa amasulidwe ili yopindulitsa zakuthupi ndi mtengo wake - otsika.

Polyvinyl maonekedwe ndi woyera powdery chinthu ndi katundu wabwino dielectric. Ndi odorless ndi zoipa, insoluble m'madzi, kugonjetsedwa ndi makutidwe ndi okosijeni, bwino aunika (chifukwa chlorine mu zikuchokera), kugonjetsedwa zidulo, mafuta mchere, alkalis, alcohols. Pamene usavutike madigiri 100 C. mankhwala linawola wa hydrogen mankhwala enaake kumasulidwa.

PVC kupanga akuyamba ndi m'zigawo wa sodium kolorayidi mchere njira (ndi zochita za kumaliseche magetsi). Mu yomweyi, mafuta yotengedwa ethylene (ndondomeko yotchedwa "akulimbana"). Kenako, chlorine ndi ethylene ophatikizana zokolola za ethylene dichloride. Poyankha amalenga dichloride, vinilu kolorayidi (monomer), limene atatembenuzidwa mu polymerization kuti thunthu ankafuna. Kuti izi akuwonjezeka zosiyanasiyana zigawo zikuluzikulu, kulola kupeza chotsirizidwa ndi zina katundu kwa gawo zowonjezera.

opanga PVC ntchito njira zitatu kwa polymerization wa monomers chipika, kuyimitsidwa ndi emulsion. Mu kuyimitsidwa lino ntchito kupeza zofewa, theka-okhwima ndi okhwima mapulasitiki, ndi emulsion - zopangidwa zofewa timapemphera plastisols. Malinga pakalibe kapena pamaso pa plasticizers mu zikuchokera adzamasulidwa, motero unplasticized ndi chuma plasticized. Woyamba ndi zochepa kugonjetsedwa ndi otsika kutentha (mpaka opanda madigiri 15 C), ndipo chachiwiri kupirira yozizira digiri -60. Masiku ano, vuto ambiri ofunika ndi zinthu zimenezi ndi kusonkhanitsa awo ndi yobwezeretsanso.