"Asilikali Ushakov" (cruiser): mbiri ndi makhalidwe

Soviet Union linalanda chimodzi-chimodzi cha dziko. Mwina chifukwa malo ake Hrs, mwina - mphamvu zamakono, kukhala zotengera za yapamadzi m'dziko laperekedwa kwambiri za nthawi. Komabe, akugwirabe mu boma iliyonse yaikulu.

Mabwato ndi cruisers, sitima zankhondo, ndipo ndege onyamula, mapapo ndi lalikulu - mndandanda wa njira zamakono yaitali kwambiri. Mmodzi wa iwo anali ndi "mphungu" kapena "Project 1144". Lolemera nyukiliya chida cruiser "asilikali Ushakov" - ntchito flagship, zomwe ziribe zinachitikanso bulu uliwonse mu dziko. Ndicho za izo, magwiridwe ake, makhalidwe, asilikali ndi deta luso lapadera zidzafunika m'nkhani.

Zamoyo dzina la

Tikumbukenso kuti dzina "asilikali Ushakov" cruiser sanali litakhala. "Asilikali mikwingwirima" anaonekera pambuyo kugwa kwa Union - mu 1992. Kenako iye ndi wina 3 "Orlan" maina atsopano. Pankhaniyi, imodzi yokha - 4 - lili ndi dzina "Petr Veliky". Mfundo zitatu zoyambirira zinali "admirals". Iwo Ushakov, Lazarev ndi Nakhimov. Pa kusonkhanitsa m'matangadza bwalo la dzina lake "Kirov", "Frunze", "Kalinin" motero. cruiser chachinayi choyamba wotchedwa "Kuibyshev", ndiye, asanafike mapeto a zomangamanga, analandira dzina latsopano - "Yuri Andropov".

Chibwenzi okha "Petr Veliky" kutumikira. "Nakhimov" ali Mokweza lapansi. Woyamba Mwinanso chichitike Mokweza, koma "Nakhimov".

"Orlan" ntchito

Ganizo kulengedwa kwa chombo, zimene anadzakhala cruiser nyukiliya "asilikali Ushakov" sanadze mwakamodzi. ntchito koyamba zapakati pa zaka 50 tili Mu zaka zapitazo. Ndiyeno adaganiza zolenga mitundu iwiri ya sitima - wina anali kukhala cruiser (Project 63), wachiwiri - mpweya chitetezo m'chombo (Project 81). Kwa mitundu onse a powerplant momwe munakonzera kutsatira riyakitala nyukiliya.

Project 81 ndiye chatsekedwa, ndipo ntchito pa mitundu awiriwa yafupika njira imodzi. chombo amayenera kukhala waukulu kwambiri, koma ndi mphamvu ndi chitetezo mpweya, ndi cruiser yosavuta. Mwatsoka, ntchito 63 Sunakhalepo yaitali, ndipo posakhalitsa anali atatseka.

Kubweranso kwa "nyukiliya" ntchito chimadza kokha pa mapeto a 60s, pamene Leningrad chapakati Design Bureau kulenga "chotchipa" atomiki watchdog chotengera. chombo ayenera kusamutsidwa matani pafupifupi 8,000 (kuyerekezera, ndi flagship ntchito - chida cruiser "asilikali Ushakov" - analandira 24,000), kutha osati kutsatira zombo zina, kuwapatsa chithandizo moto, komanso younikira pansi, ngati n'koyenera, kuwononga zombo ayenera mdani. Mmodzi wa chachikulu "Chip" amayenera kukhala zopanda malire ikuthamanga osiyanasiyana. The ntchito koyamba chikuyembekezeka kumanga 40 ziwiya zimenezi, koma, ngati kunapezeka, makampani chabe sanali wokonzeka kumasula chotengera cha kusamutsidwa ichi, osanenapo mtengo wake angakwanitse.

"Land wanga" + "Orlan"

Ngakhale umboni izi, ntchito afika kuwala wobiriwira 1144. Zokha mphamvu za nyukiliya, mfuti launchers oponya, ndipo ngakhale opanda ndege. Dziwani kuti chitukuko cha izi ndege ku Soviet Union anayamba kale lingaliro inkachitika ku America. Komabe, ndege chombo sindinawerengepo. Koma pali mfundo ina ofunika kuti ndiye "Kirov" (Patapita "asilikali Ushakov"). Cruiser apita gulu la "kutsatira ngalawa" mu gulu la "Sitima odana ndi sitima zapamadzi".

chakuti mu kufanana "Orlan," anali kukhala chotengera mwangwiro percussive, ndi asilikali amene anali kachidindo dzina lake "bomba" (kapena "mankhwala mu 1165"). Ndipo mu May 1971, sitima onse anali kale zida za chitukuko ntchito ogwirizana. chombo tsogolo itagwa armament yabwino, pamaso akupangidwa pa mtundu.

kukulozani

chaka A pambuyo pophatikizana a asilikali ankhondo kuuzenga buku lomaliza. Kenako mu March 1973 pa Baltic kuwakhazikitsa. Ordzhonikidze cruiser anaika mutu. Mu buku lomaliza la asilikali ziwiya 5 zinakonzedwa, 4 amene anamanga. Koma tisaiwale kuti chachinayi chombo - "Petr Veliky" - ndangolandira kusiyana pang'ono kuchokera anzawo. Makamaka, iye ali ikuthamanga chachikulu, bwino odana ndi sitima zapamadzi sonar ndi zida ano mivi wovuta.

zaka 4 kenako mu Hava Chaka Chatsopano 1977, katundu nyukiliya cruiser "asilikali Ushakov" unayambitsidwa ndi m'gulu la Bulu la Soviet Union. Chaka chino unali wotchuka chifukwa "mphungu" Kamangidwe akadali mwambowu. Zinali ndiye mu Navy anayambitsa gulu latsopano, ndi "Kirov" ku gulu la ngalawa yosavuta odana ndi sitima zapamadzi amakhala katundu nyukiliya zoyendetsedwa ndi chida cruiser.

Kufotokozera ndi mamangidwe

Pa kapangidwe ndi ndiye anamanga chombo ankagwiritsa ntchito zipangizo gulu mu dziko. Chifukwa pokha anayamba luso makamaka zopangidwa kasakaniza wazitsulo zotayidwa-magnesium. Ambiri mwa zida wokwera pa kumbuyo ndi uta. Zina zishango oti muli nazo zida anatseka injini chipinda, kosungira a zipolopolo, ndipo pafupifupi onse posts zofunika za m'chombo "asilikali Ushakov".

Cruiser ali forecastle yaitali ndi pansi awiri kutalika lonse la chombo. Pamwamba gawo ali adzikometsa zisanu (komanso thupi lonse). Pa kumbuyo - underdeck hangar lakonzedwa kuti nthawi zonse Helicopters atatu. Palinso zochotsa limagwirira inamangidwa ndi amapereka malo yosungirako zipangizo zonse zofunikira pa ndege. Ndi "polenomiyo" zochotsa ndi Standpipe mlongoti dongosolo ndi nkhani zovuta mu chipinda osiyana.

Yomanga ngati ngalawa zofunika kwambiri zomera zotheka kupanga hemayo. Choyamba, asilikali komaliza kwa ngalawayo analandira kusamuka kwa tonnes oposa 24 000 wachiwiri, kutalika pazipita alumikizana anali kukhala oposa 250 kuchokera Panali lonse mndandanda wa amafuna kuti akhoza anakumana mbewu imodzi yokha mu Union - .. Leningrad.

zida

Tisanafotokoze kungoyankhula zokhudza zida, ndi Dziwani kuti nyukiliya zoyendetsedwa ndi chida cruiser "asilikali Ushakov" anayenera kuti amukhudze ngalawayo ndi magulu mdani ndege chonyamulira, kusaka pansi ndi kuwononga sitima zankhondo, ndipo, ndithudi, kupereka antiaircraft ndi (mtsogolo) chida chitetezo cha m'gawo lake. Pakuti onse a ntchito izi chombo analandira mndandanda wa mitundu yonse ya zida. Popeza ofotokoza mwatsatanetsatane mtundu uliwonse wa kufunika si nkhani ina, m'pofunika kuchepetsa ndi makhalidwe zambiri.

Impact zida waukulu dongosolo la "Granit" - antiship chida dongosolo ili pa uta. Pamafunikanso mivi 20 ndi osiyanasiyana pazipita 550 Km ndege, warhead - nyukiliya. 500 makilogalamu warhead.

zida Antiaircraft - roketi zovuta "Fort". Cruiser 12 ali zipangizo ng'oma 8 aliyense chida. Kuwonjezera mipherezero mpweya kugunda zombo za adani m'kalasi wowonongayo. The injini Launch chikuchitika atamasulidwa ake kwa mbewu yomwe imapereka kuphulika ndi moto chitetezo chombo. Flight osiyanasiyana - 70 Km (okha kachitidwe woyang'anira m'chombo).

ASW zipangizo zikuphatikizapo chida zovuta "mkuntho wa chisanu" - 10 roketi-torpedoes. Yowotcha osiyanasiyana - 50 Km, kuya kwa chiwonongeko -. 500 mamita awiri zisanu nyuzi oponya machubu ntchito Kuwonjezera dongosolo lino.

Komanso pa sitimayo ndi ambiri ang'ono mfuti mfuti ndi zazing'ono mfuti zisanu barreled makina.

atumikile dziko lake

Mwa Zochita ambiri ndi utumwi nkhondowo, amene anatuluka "Mphungu", ndi ofunika pofuna kutsindika imodzi imene anali "asilikali Ushakov". The cruiser anali mu madzi athu, pamene mu December 1983 zombo NATO, popeza anachita kumbali ya Isiraeli anayamba ntchito asilikali ndi Syria ndi Lebanon - ndi ogwirizana wa USSR. ngalawa kuti apiteko linali nyanja ya Mediterranean. Apa amayamba chidwi. Pamene madzi amenewo, kuti akupita anali pang'ono poyerekeza ndi tsiku, zombo NATO yomweyo anasiya likuomba ndipo anathawira ku dera chilumba. Muzipemphera kwambiri kuposa 500 Km kwa "Ushakov" America sanayese n'komwe.

Aziphedwa, Blogs

A mawu kuchokera nthano yakale pamwamba ikulongosola bwino nkhaniyi chombo pa chiyambi cha m'ma latsopano. Mu 1989, pamene cruiser anali pa ntchito, wosweka gearbox chachikulu. Ndiye mavuto kuyamba ndi waukulu magetsi, ndipo mu 1991, mkulu analandira malangizo akuti: anfunika kubala neno pa kukonza. Sitima ogona, koma zaka wotsatira, pali zofunika chochitika chimodzi chokha - ngalawa kusintha mu Russian Navy ndi anadzatchedwa mu katundu nyukiliya chida cruiser "asilikali Ushakov". Wamakono ndi kukonza pafupifupi adzapatsidwa yekha ndi chaka cha 2000.

Tsoka wotsatira amadziwa mogwirizana ndi akale nthano - izo zidalira pa kumene koma ndi. Kwa zaka 20 (kuchokera nthawi ya oyimitsira ndi), koma zinthu zinasintha malo angapo ake nthawi. The wamakono, ayambe kenako njira zatsopano, ndipo ngakhale kubwerera kwa yapamadzi, koma si komaliza. Kodi n'chiyani chidzachitikire lotsatira, ndipo ngati anamasulidwa m'nyanja "asilikali" akadali osadziwika.

Pomaliza

Limodzi la ngalawa ochepa mu Russian Navy cruiser "asilikali Ushakov" monyadira chomera mphamvu zochokera riyakitala nyukiliya. Ngakhale lero, zombo dziko ndi sitima firepower zikufanana ndi "Ushakov". Zikamera wa mtsogoleri m'chizimezime nthawi zambiri kopambana zinasinthidwa bwino mphamvu zina, ndipo adzakhala wachisoni kwambiri ngati sitima ya gulu ili chabe kuloledwa zidutswa.