APG: zikuchokera. Natural ndi kugwirizana gasi

Mafuta ndi mpweya - zipangizo zofunika kwambiri yaiwisi mu dziko. A malo apadera mu mafuta ndi gasi makampani ali mpweya okhudzidwa. Kale gwero imeneyi si ntchito. Koma tsopano mtima kuti yothandiza zachilengedwe zasintha.

Kodi gasi kugwirizana

Izi mpweya hydrocarbon amene anamasulidwa zitsime za mafuta mosungiramo ndi pamene kupatukana kwake. Ndi osakaniza vaporized hydrocarbon ndipo sanali hydrocarbon zigawo za chiyambi achilengedwe.

kuchuluka kwake mu mafuta zingasiyane imodzi kiyubiki mamita zikwi zingapo mu tani chomwecho.

Mwa kupeza mfundo kugwirizana mpweya imatengedwa chochokera kwa mafuta kupanga. Choncho dzina. Chifukwa cha kusowa zofunikira koyenera kuti kusonkhana gasi, mayendedwe ndi processing wa wambirimbiri gwero zachilengedwezi atayika. Chifukwa cha zimenezi, ambiri mpweya kugwirizana chabe mudakhumudwapo.

gasi zikuchokera

Zosonyeza mpweya wapangidwa ndi methane ndi ankawonjezereka chimasanduka - .. Ethane, byuteni, propane, etc. The mpweya zikuchokera mu osiyana oilfields zingasiyane pang'ono. M'madera ena mu mpweya kugwirizana anyamula zigawo sanali hydrocarbon - asafe, sulfure, oxygen.

Kudutsa mpweya umene nzimbewo akugwera pambuyo kutsegula malo mafuta, yodziwika ochepa katundu hydrocarbon mpweya. More "olemela" zikuchokera mpweya ndi mu mafuta. Choncho, mu masiteji koyamba chitukuko minda mafuta, monga ulamuliro, kwambiri mpweya kugwirizana amapangidwa ndi okhutira mkulu wa dziko. Mu ntchito madipoziti, Chiwerengerochi pang'onopang'ono yafupika, ndi mbali katundu amapanga mbali yaikulu ya mpweya.

Natural ndi kugwirizana mpweya mafuta: kodi pali kusiyana

Zosonyeza mpweya poyerekeza zachilengedwe muli zochepa methane, koma ali wambirimbiri homologues ake, kuphatikizapo pentane ndi hexane. kusiyana china chofunika - kuphatikiza kwa zigawo zikuluzikulu kandalama zosiyanasiyana zimene mpweya kugwirizana ndi kutulutsa. APG zikuchokera akhoza ngakhale zosiyanasiyana kwa nthawi zosiyana za m'munda chimodzimodzi. Yerekezerani osakaniza kachulukidwe wa zigawo zikuluzikulu ya gasi ndi nthawi zonse. Choncho, APG akhoza kumwedwa osiyana, ndi gasi ntchito kokha monga zipangizo ndi mphamvu yaiwisi.

Kupeza APG

Zosonyeza mpweya analandira ndi kupatukana ndi mafuta. Chifukwa chaichi, multistage osayenera ndi zovuta zosiyanasiyana. Choncho, mu gawo loyamba kulekana ndi pressurized ku 16 30 bar. Pamisinkhu onse wotsatira wa zoipazi pang'ono ndi pang'ono yafupika. Mu otsiriza sitepe chizindikiro yafupika 1.5-4 kupanga bar. Kutentha ndi kuthamanga ofunitsitsa ndi luso APG kulekana.

The mpweya opangidwa mu gawo loyamba watumidwa mwachindunji kwa mbewu mafuta processing. mavuto ambiri wapatsidwa ntchito mpweya ndi mavuto pansipa 5 bar. Kale izi zonse APG watentha ndimakwiya, koma posachedwapa anasintha mfundo mpweya magwiritsidwe. Boma wayamba kukhala zolimbikitsa kuchepetsa kuwononga chilengedwe. Choncho, pa boma mlingo chizindikiro APG kuyaka izo anakhazikitsidwa mu 2009 Chaka, amene sayenera upambana 5% ya okwana kugwirizana mpweya.

Kugwiritsa APG makampani

Poyamba, APG osati ntchito yomweyo pambuyo ndiyotani kutenthedwa. Tsopano asayansi kuzindikira kufunika gwero zachilengedwezi ndi kufunafuna njira ntchito bwino.

Zosonyeza gasi amene zikuchokera ndi osakaniza a propane, byuteni ndi chimasanduka ankawonjezereka, ndi lofunika zopangira kwa mphamvu ndi makampani mankhwala. APG n'kopindulitsa calorific. Choncho, pa kuyaka izo akumasula kuchokera 9 kwa 15 zikwi kcal / mita kiyubiki. Mu maonekedwe ake apachiyambi si ntchito. Onetsetsani kuti ayenera kuyeretsa.

Makampani mankhwala ali mpweya kugwirizana wa methane ndi ethane anapangidwa ndi mapulasitiki ndi mphira. zigawo ankawonjezereka hydrocarbon ntchito ngati zipangizo za ulimi wa mkulu octeni mafuta zowonjezera, chimasanduka zonunkhira ndi liquefied mpweya mafuta.

Mu Russia, oposa 80% ya opangidwa nkhani kugwirizana gasi makampani asanu popanga mafuta ndi gasi: OJSC "Rosneft", OJSC "Gazpromneft", OJSC "Mafuta Company LUKOIL", OJSC "TNK-BP Ndagwira", JSC "Surgutneftegaz ". Malinga ndi kafukufuku boma, dziko chaka umabala mamita oposa 50 biliyoni kiyubiki mpweya kugwirizana, amene 26% ndi zobwezerezedwanso, 47% ntchito zolinga mafakitale, ndi otsala 27% ali mudakhumudwapo.

Pali zinthu zimene satero nthawi zonse ntchito yosafuna mpweya mafuta kugwirizana. Kugwiritsa ntchito zipangizo kawirikawiri zimadalira kukula m'munda. Choncho, mafuta opangidwa m'minda yaing'ono, ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito kupereka magetsi ogula m'deralo. Pa madipoziti pafupifupi chuma zambiri wachotsa liquefied mafuta mafuta pa mbewu mafuta processing ndi kumugulitsa ku makampani mankhwala a. Njira kumunda waukulu yopanga magetsi mphamvu mkulu ndi kugulitsa wotsatira.

Kuwonongeka kwa APG kuyaka

Gasi flaring amaipitsa malo. Padziko lawi zotsatira matenthedwe kudzitsitsa, amene angakaphe pansi mkati mwa utali wozungulira wa mamita 10-25 ndi zomera zosiyanasiyana mamita 50-150. Mu ndondomeko kuyaka kugwera mu chikhalidwe cha asafe ndi carbon monoxide, woipa sulfure, chimasanduka unburned. Asayansi apeza kuti chifukwa cha flaring ejected pafupifupi miliyoni 0.5 matani pa chaka mpweya wakuda.

Komanso, mankhwala mpweya kuyaka ndi oopsa kwambiri thanzi la munthu. Malinga ndi kafukufuku, mu fakitale waukulu Russia dera - Tyumen dera - odwala kwa matenda osiyanasiyana pamwamba pafupifupi dziko lonse. Nthawi zambiri anthu m'chigawo amadwala pathologies kupuma. Pali ambiri a zotupa, matenda a ziwalo mphamvu ndi mantha dongosolo.

Komanso, APG kuyaka mankhwala chifukwa pathologies zomwe zimapezeka pokhapokha nthawi zina. Zikuphatikizapo zotsatirazi:

• osabereka;
• padera;
• matenda cholowa;
• chitetezo chokwanira lotereli;
• matenda oncological.

umisiri APG magwiritsidwe

The vuto lalikulu la yobwezeretsanso mpweya ndi mkulu wa ndende ya chimasanduka lolemera. Mafuta ndi gasi makampani masiku ano amagwiritsa angapo umisiri ogwira, zimene zimapereka mpata luso mpweya ndi kuchotsa chimasanduka lolemera:

1. Gasi fractioning magawano.
2. Kumamatira luso.
3. Low-kutentha kulekana.
4. Kakhungu luso.

magwiritsidwe njira mpweya kugwirizana

Pali njira zambiri, koma, mu kuchita, ntchito ochepa. Mfundo zikuluzikulu njira - kuchira APG ndi kulekanitsidwa m'zigawo. Izi ndondomeko yobwezeretsanso umabala mpweya youma, yomwe imapanga ndi chimodzimodzi gasi ndi zakumwa zachilengedwe mpweya (NGL). osakaniza angagwiritsidwe ntchito monga chuma yaiwisi kwa petrochemistry.

Kupatukana mpweya kumachitika pa otsika zoikamo kutentha mayamwidwe ndi condensation. Nditamaliza mpweya youma chimadzera ndi payipi, ndipo anatumizidwa ku NGL ayenga kwa processing zina.

The chachiwiri Njira yodalirika APG - kupalasa njinga ndondomeko. Njira imeneyi imaphatikizapo jekeseni mpweya mu mgodi zikuchuluka kuthamanga. njira imeneyi zimathandiza kuwonjezera buku kuchira mafuta mapangidwe a.

Komanso, gasi kugwirizana angagwiritsidwe ntchito kupangira magetsi. Izi adzalola makampani mafuta kwambiri ndalama, monga kuthetsa kufunika kugula magetsi kuchokera kunja.