Zu-23-2: makhalidwe, malongosoledwe luso, chithunzi

Pa Great kukonda dziko lako Nkhondo ya 1941-1945, asilikali athu anakumana ndi mavuto awiri Kalanga: pafupifupi okwana kusapezeka kwa mfuti katundu makina ndi odana ndi ndege makhazikitsidwe. Ayi, airfields chitetezo iwo anali, koma kuteteza asilikali mzati pa kuguba ankakonda pachabe. Chifukwa - yaitali, pafupifupi zaka zitatu ulamuliro wa Nazi ndege mu mlengalenga ndi zomvetsa yaikulu zipangizo ndiponso anthu.

N'chifukwa chake zaka pambuyo nkhondo kuti chitukuko cha odana ndi ndege zida zankhondo anaponyedwa bwino sayansi ndi luso ngathi la USSR. Chifukwa cha ntchito yawo, kuphatikizapo anakhala odana ndege mfuti zu-23-2, amene anaonekera chifukwa cha wamakono wa losavuta kukumbukira 23. Zida yaima kwa zaka zoposa 50, ndiponso zina chitukuko, imene panali mapasa (mfuti ndi chida) zu-30, molunjika bwino kwambiri lingaliro.

Kodi izo zinachokera kuti?

Choncho, pambuyo Wamkulu dongosolo kukonda dziko lako lonse zida odana ndege kakusintha ndi kukonzanso wathunthu ndi kukonzanso. Nthawi yomweyo, izo anavomera kuti 25 mamilimita mfuti, chifukwa kulemera kwambiri, ali oyenera pongofuna zombo za. Mwachangu umakopa pa nthawiyo, 37 mm likungosonyeza sikunali kokwanira kugwira bwino "lapadziko" mavuto.

Koma pa nthawi yomweyo, asilikali mwachangu adamfunsa ang'ono-likungosonyeza basi Cannon zitsanzo za anthu amene panthawi ya nkhondo anaikidwa pa ndege zankhondo. Kwenikweni, monga maziko monga nthawi ndi linatengedwa chida lodziwika bwino kwa IL-2. Onani kuti pali zikwi tsopano ambiri antiaircraft zu-23-2 mayunitsi ndi 20mm analogues anakhala osati zochepa odziwika bwino kuposa Cannon ake akutali "makolo."

Kale mu 1955 ntchito ya odana ndi ndege 23 mm 2A14 basi polima. Akatswiri zoperekedwa masanjidwe awiri: osakwatiwa ndi wapawiri. Last kamodzi patsogolo kwambiri, motero zinalengedwa mitundu itatu. mitundu yonse anangokhala ndi Baibulo Buku la galimoto, zida ndi muyezo wotsutsa-ndege pamaso ZAP 23.

The Commission anaganiza kuti chitsanzo zu 14 yabwino likukwaniritsa zofunikira za usilikali. Zinali 1959 ake "..Ndipo anamuyingitsa" nchito yonse chiyesedwe cha manja amaphatikiza zigawo zingapo asilikali. Iye analandira mu utumiki mu 1960, kupereka dzina la zu-23. Chinkhoswe kupanga mbewu nambala 535. Kuyenera kudziŵika kuti anapitiriza kuchotsa zofooka zonse amadziŵika ndi "matenda ubwana" Panapita zaka 10, ndipo anapita kwa kuwala unsembe zu-23-2.

mbali Design

Makinawa ali zoyendetsedwa ndi mphamvu ya mpweya ufa allocated. Pachipata cha mphero mtundu lanu mbiya mwa abutment ake "outgrowth" zamkati za wolandila lapansi. Wopambana kamangidwe ka iyambitsa thunthu amalola m'malo ake mu nkhondowo zinthu masekondi 15-20 chabe. Bwino kwambiri anali abulusa yopingasa ndi ofukula aiming, zida ndi zipangizo masika cushioning.

The woyendetsa amathera nthawi yochepa kwambiri molondola njira malangizo. Ngati inu mukuyang'ana pa malongosoledwe a zu-23-2, imbaenda Mlengi boma la kachitidwe, ndipo kumeneko mungapeze mudziwe kuti mawerengedwe ophunzitsidwa akhoza kukhazikitsa njira malangizo masekondi 5-15 yekha. Ndipo anapereka ntchito njira makina chilango! Kukachitika kuti kutaya asilikali ali akweza zu-30M ndi kachitidwe opto-pakompyuta, kupeza ndi kutsatira wa chinthu zimagwiridwa nthawi yomweyo.

Pa tsidya lina la thunthu akhoza anasamutsa masekondi atatu chabe! The zipolopolo kotunga - lamba mtundu. Zitsulo tepi ntchito, kukula muyezo - makatiriji 50, zomwe zakhala zikuzunza m'miyoyo mu bokosi zitsulo, limakupatsani msanga kugwira recharging zipangizo. Aliyense nkhonya ndi makatiriji riboni, ndipo zimalemera pafupifupi 35,5 makilogalamu. Nsanja unsembe - mpira, zida ndi jackscrews atatu. Ndi thandizo lawo, zu-23-2 adzatsekeredwa ananamizira mu malo mfuti.

nsanja amaperekedwa ndi towing lug. Mu kolowera stowed malo waima pa matayala wa GAZ 69. Pali torsion bala kuyimitsidwa, amene akutumikira kuchepetsa mosavuta kuwonongeka kwa zipangizo pa zoyendera pa mtunda akhakula. Zimenezi zofunika, monga m'malo a kusiyana kwambiri kapena zochepa misewu yachibadwa kukhala osowa kwambiri.

Chiongoko kuwombera osiyanasiyana zolinga

Aiming zu-23-2 imagwiridwa ndi ntchito kale pamwambapa ZAP 23 mothamanga. Uthunthu panopa ndi chandamale akhoza mbali osiyanasiyana mamita mpaka 3,000. Izi akugwirizira 00 pa moyo malangizo ndi liwiro nthaka ya chinthu anatsatira mwa mpaka 300 m / s. pamaso walola enieni kwambiri kuika chofunika chisanadze emption lomwe lili ndi zotsatira opindulitsa pa Mwina chiwonongeko cha ndege ovuta.

Pamene kuwombera pa mipherezero nthaka yomweyo akhoza kukonzedwa pa mtunda wa ku 2000 meters. Nthawi zina (mawerengedwe experimental) osiyanasiyana zingadziŵike "dzanja" koma ichi amakonda kugwiritsa ntchito stereodalnomera. Onse deta zina pa woyendetsa umalowa diso. Makamaka zofunika ndi m'mphambano za chandamale ndi azimuthal ake. Chifukwa cha ichi, zu-23-2 (TTX ake tilalikira m'nkhani ino) kwambiri "wovuta" akukhala mawerengedwe ophunzitsidwa bwino.

Nkhani ina flak ichi chinali chakuti zonse akuonadi dongosolo kapangidwe ZAP 23 amabwera Pamaso pa mipherezero pansi T-3. Onani kuti ali ndi mzere wodzilamulira pamaso.

Ubwino odana ndege

Oddly okwanira, koma odana ndege mfuti zu-23-2 ndi wotchuka chifukwa chake "mpweya" talente, koma pamwamba ntchito. mikangano yonse yapafupi ya zaka posachedwapa anatsimikizira kuti chida ichi ndi abwino monga njira yaikulu ya ainjini mfuti pakamwa mantha monga chirichonse yabwino amangoika satero. Choyamba, ZSU akhoza yomweyo anatumiza udindo kufalitsidwa. Kachiwiri, zikhoza kukuthandizani monga yomweyo kuletsedwa mitundu yonse ya mipherezero ili pa mtunda wa kuwombera mwachindunji (a kilometre).

Nthawi zambiri, kufunika ntchito zokhudza zu-23-2 amapezeka mwansanga ndi ankhondo formations osasamba cha mdani, ndiye kuti, mu njira ya ntchito potsimikizira-zigawenga. Kalanga, iwo akhala pa zaka 20 zapitazi mu weniweni "mafashoni azimuth".

Other "zazikulu" yomanga

Great ntchito dongosolo lino n'chakuti kuti sikutanthauza chisanadze zomangamanga maphunziro maudindo. Wokwanira okha kapena zochepa lathyathyathya pamwamba. Apa tiyenera n'komwe kuthekera jacks wononga, zimenezi chifukwa ndingaliro ngakhale 30 madigiri kutembenukira mu ndege abwino. Ichi chinali chofunika kwambiri ku Afghanistan ndi Chechnya, kumene 23 mm odana ndege mfuti zu-23-2 anagwiritsidwa ntchito mu mapiri.

Akukhulupirira kuti adalira coherent unsembe kungachititse mu mfuti malo masekondi 15-20 yekha. Kuyambira kuguba nkhondowo - masekondi 35-40. Zochita izo zatsimikiziridwa kuti, ngati n'koyenera, kukumbukira-23-2 akhoza moto paulendowu, pamene mu malo stowed. Kumene molondola ndi cholondola nthawi yomweyo sangathe adzatchedwa zogwira mtima, koma adzayenerera nkhondo owonjezera.

Payokha angafune kulankhula za kolowera wokongola wa sayenda. Panga zimatenga galimoto iliyonse asilikali, popeza ngakhale mu kukumbukira misa kwathunthu weaponized ndi zochepa kwambiri kusiyana tonne wina. M'misewu kunapangitsa ophimba liwiro kungakhale 70 Km / h, ndi m'misewu - 20 km / h. Choncho zu-23-2, ikulongosola luso lomwe ife azipereka - ochepa chabe "mtanda dziko" odana ndi ndege mfuti.

A mwayi zofunika kwambiri alinso maintainability apamwamba. Kumangako ntchito kokha losavuta ndi ambiri kalasi ya zitsulo, kotero kuti kukonza akhoza mwadongosolo ogwira ntchito iliyonse imene osachepera zida ambiri wosazindikira ndi zipangizo zina.

Zipolopolo, makatiriji Mbali

Muyezo zipolopolo zu-23-2 tichipeza 23 mm zipolopolo. Projectiles ntchito mitundu iwiri - BZT ndi OFZT (BFL). The choyamba - zida kuboola incendiary tracer. Iye anachita warhead lonse, amene misa ndi 190 gawo pansi lili mtengo kutsatira, golovnaya- incendiary zikuchokera. OFZ, mwachitsanzo milandu mkulu-zachiwawa ndi mutu wa misa 188,5 ga 90s Isanafike zu-23-2 (kulongosola luso unsembe kumaonekeranso m'nkhani) nthawi zambiri ntchito mtundu wa zipolopolo.

Kusakaniza onse ntchito V19UK mtundu (Mabaibulo kale - MG-25). Mbali kanukanu ndi kukhalapo wodzilamulira wakupha, pa ulendo wake - masekondi 11. Kaya mtundu wa projectile, monga chopopera ntchito magalamu 77 a ufa kalasi 5/7 TSFL. Onani kuti makamaka kwa chilengedwe cha deta zipolopolo, angapo dziko sayansi kafukufuku chinkhoswe mu chilengedwe cha mitundu yatsopano ya propellants, womwe ndi kumwa mphamvu yaikulu mlingo wa kuyaka.

Ballistic makhalidwe a zipolopolo

Total katiriji kulemera (kaya mtundu) 450 Katundu, zomera ndi ntchito ballistic komanso ali ofanana. The mathamangidwe koyamba 980 m / s, kutalika pazipita ( "denga") - 1500 m, pazipita kungakupatseni osiyanasiyana kugonjetsedwa - mpaka 2000 mamita Dziwani:. Mtundu nthawi zipolopolo OFZ ntchito kwambiri kawirikawiri, chifukwa iwo akumenyana mphamvu ya zofunika ano sayankha.

Lang'anani kwambiri zotsutsa zu-23-2 (makhalidwe ake, Takambirana kale) udachita pa makampeni awiri Chechen: kunapezeka kuti OFZ Zigoba kwambiri bwino yoti ntchito mu mapangidwe a m'tawuni, ngati iwo ali ndi luso osauka puncturing.

Childs, tepi ndi zida mwa lamulo osalembedwa: anayi chipolopolo OFZT wina BZT. Ndipo wina. MG 25 Blaster, amene anali kwambiri zolakwa, tsopano kwathunthu m'malo mwa B-19UK. The zifukwa yosavuta. Choyamba, tilinazo ake pamwamba wandiweyani kwathunthu analogous wa chitsanzo m'mbuyomu, koma lama fuyusi si detonate pa kukhudzana chipolopolo ndi mvula. Kachiwiri, ali bwino chitetezo chinyezi.

nkhondowo ntchito

Koyamba ntchito kupambana pa zu-23-2 zinachitika pa ndawala Afghanstan. Iwo, chifukwa misa zawo otsika, compactness, chomasuka kunyamula ndi knockdown zinkayenda kuphimba timagulu mojaheds flue. Kumene, udindo waukulu mu izi ankaimba "Shilka" ...

Nazi basi ndi kudzikonda injini onse mwamphamvu zokwanira. Poyamba asilikali "theka-mobisa" kukhazikitsidwa "Zushki" mu thupi la magalimoto, zotsatirazi monga mbali ya mizati ankhondo, ndiyeno zu-23-2 udindo analandira kukondweretsa mwamwambo chabe akuluakulu a asilikali paliponse. Nthawi zambiri iwo anayamba ku phiri pa magalimoto Ural-375 ndi KAMAZ. Ndipo anapezanso kuti asanu zu-23-2 odana ndege machitidwe angathe molondola kuteteza convoys usilikali, ngakhale pa abisalire lalikulu, kwenikweni "anayamba kugwa" atsopano posachedwapa.

Popeza kuti BMP-1, ndi mfuti, adali ndi ngodya negligible chikweza, ndi njira mizati chitetezo ankhondo kuchokera ambushes wa Mujahideen mu mapiri. Osati popanda nawo zida ndi nkhondo inayamba m'madera ambiri a Soviet Union yomweyo pambuyo kugwa kwa dziko. Ndipo lero, zu-23-2 odana ndege makhazikitsidwe, chithunzi chimene chili m'nkhani wodzala ndi "mawanga otentha" zonse za mdziko. Pakati pa zinthu posachedwapa ofunika ponena waulesi Chiyukireniya nkhondo imene mbali zonse amagwiritsa ntchito kwambiri za "zushki".

Ndipo mu nkhani iyi, pamodzi zu-23-2 ankagwiritsa ntchito yokhayo yotumikira ntchito pa mipherezero pansi. kufunika pang'ono downed ndege pakati maudani maphwando chitsutso sanalinso (palibenso), koma pa kuukira zokhalamo midzi chida ichi watsimikizira kukhala mbali yabwino.

Mabaibulo yamakono

Kalanga, ngakhale dzuwa ankanena za mipherezero mpweya ndi wochepa kwa makhalidwe ake onse, mlandu 0.023 chabe. Mwina kugwera ndege zamakono (kupatulapo ndege ya) ngakhale m'munsi, ndipo kwambiri.

Komabe, akhala akuchitika unsembe izi sanataye kufunika kwake, basi angapo kumenya adzabweretsa pansi pafupifupi ndege iliyonse. Kukamba njira - unsembe wa scopes basi mfuti ndi machitidwe chandamale kutsatira. Izi ndi zimene panopa agwira ndi akatswiri KB Tochmash iwo. A. E. Nudelmana. ntchito yawo Anakhalanso maziko zikamera wa latsopano odana ndege makhazikitsidwe zu-23-2. Photos zitsanzo izi kusiyanitsa mosavuta, ngati iwo alipo poyambira muli wotsutsa-ndege mivi.

Ubwino zitsanzo akweza

Komanso, akweza "zushek" ndi electromechanical machitidwe Motors chiongoko ndi zowoneka zatsopano aunika ntchito malo, ndi rangefinder laser, amene amalola kuti mita kudziwa mtunda ngakhale zinthu osauka aone. Ntchito usiku, dongosolo zina zida ndi imager ikukhudzana amene intersect ndendende matenthedwe cheza zida mdani angapo makilomita. Theoretically, izi zimathandiza kuti gwetsa ngakhale masiku nkhondowo ndege.

Kuyambira pomanga modernized mfuti odana ndege anali kwathunthu inathetsedwa chakale pamaso ZAP 23 kuchokera gunner kuntchito. Iye m'malo mwa opto-pakompyuta gawo ndi chiongoko ndi ulamuliro machitidwe zina. Podolsky mapulogalamu amanena kuti chifukwa cha zaluso onsewa, Mwina polasa nthawi yomweyo kuchuluka zitatu. Koma weniweni "kugunda" wakhala chitsanzo zu-30M, pomanga amene amapereka unsembe wa chidebe mtundu MANPADS "Igla", mbola kapena ena, malinga ndi makasitomala komaliza.

Choncho zu-23-2, makhalidwe a amene tinakambirana pepala wathu, limene lachititsa chitukuko cha osiyanasiyana lonse la kumodzi, ogwira ndi yotchipa mfuti odana ndi ndege. Popeza akweza, "zushka" chaka kuposa wina angagwiritsidwe ntchito cholinga chake. Tionenso kuti Poland, mu "bins" amene anasiya zambiri flak, mwadala chinkhoswe mu kupanga potengera zitsanzo izi modernized. okonza zoweta kwambiri achisoni chifukwa chakuti Zitsulo musati kutsatira chilamulo.

Tikukhulupirira kuti zu-23-2 ndi TTHa wake ife anafotokoza zinali chidwi kwa inu. chida ichi - chitsanzo cha mmene poyamba kuika angathe zamakono antiaircraft mfuti angagwiritsidwe ntchito pa Cold nkhondo ndi lero.