Lamanzere ndi lamanja maganizo ndale. ndi malingaliro andale?

Moyo wa boma ndi demokalase mu dziko Western lero mfundo owolowa manja, zomwe zikusonyeza pamaso pa mfundo zambiri view pa nkhani zosiyanasiyana zinayang'ana dziko ndi anthu yokha (a multiplicity wa malingaliro amatchedwa akuti "zipani"). Ndi kusiyana maganizo ndi chikwiyire kugawanika ku lamanzere ndi lamanja, komanso centrists. Mbali zimenezi zambiri m'dzikoli. Kodi zosiyana pakati pawo? Ndipo kufotokoza ubale amene ali nawo malingaliro lamanja, ndi iwo amene adzitcha okha "anasiya"?

Bwino malangizo andale

Choyamba ayenera kuti mawu amenewa amanena za kayendedwe ndale komanso ndi malingaliro. Maganizo kudzanja phiko yodziwika ndi kutsutsa lakuthwa ya kusintha kwa. maphwando amenewa mokomera kusunga alipo chuma ndi ndale. Pa nthawi yosiyana makonda a magulu amenewa zosiyanasiyana komanso zimadalira chikhalidwe, ndi dera. Mwachitsanzo, m'zaka za m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chinayi mu America andale amene ali ndi maganizo lamanja, kulimbikitsa kuteteza dongosolo la kapolo, ndipo mu zaka za - ndi kusintha umoyo osauka.

Kumanzere malangizo andale

Tikhoza kunena kuti ichi ndi mtundu wa otsutsana a kumanja. Leftist maganizo andale - ndi dzina gulu la maganizo ndi kayendedwe kuti ochirikiza kwa kusintha ndi kusintha zikuluzikulu mu ndale ndiponso zachuma alipo. Mbali zimenezi ndi monga sosholisimu, chikominisi, chisokonezo ndi demokalase chikhalidwe. Kumanzere mapiko ndi kumafuna kufanana ndi chilungamo kwa anthu onse.

Mbiri ya kugawikana kwa malingaliro andale ndi zikamera wa zipani

M'zaka za m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chiwiri mu France panali asiyane apamwamba, amene kwenikweni anali ndi ulamuliro ndiye yekha, ndi bourgeoisie, kukhala wokhutira ndi wodzichepetsa udindo wa wokongoza a. Lamanzere ndi lamanja-phiko ndale maganizo inakhazikitsidwa pambuyo ulimi mu nyumba ya malamulo. Mwangozi anasiya kuti phiko lamanja la nyumba yamalamulo anakakhala otchedwa Feuillant amene sankafuna ndi kulimbikitsa mafumu ndi mfumu kusintha pogwiritsa ntchito malamulo. Pakati anali Girondins - ". Yochititsa" ndiko Kumanzere anakhala Jacobin ziwanga, amene anali mbali ya kusintha kwakukulu ndi lofunika, komanso mitundu yonse ya magulu chosintha ndi zochita. Choncho, ndi unagawidwa maso lamanja ndi lamanzere. Choyamba kukhala n'chimodzimodzi mfundo "reactionary" ndi "ndiwofatsa" ndipo lachiwiri gawo amatchedwa ankafuna kusintha zinthu mopitirira ndi progressives.

Kodi mfundo izi anangotengeka?

Lamanzere ndi lamanja-phiko ndale maganizo kwenikweni ochiritsira kwambiri. Panthawi zosiyanasiyana m'mayiko osiyanasiyana udindo zosiyanasiyana absented pafupifupi zofanana malingaliro andale. Mwachitsanzo, maonekedwe liberalism lake bwino maganizo kotsalira. Kenaka anayamba amawamasulira monga likulu andale a dongosolo la kukondera ndi malonda-offs pakati pa mbali ziwiri.

Pakali pano, liberalism (kapena kani, Wachiwiri-liberalism) - ndi imodzi mwa madera ambiri ndiwofatsa, ndi mabungwe owolowa manja akhoza wachinsinsi monga maphwando bwino-phiko. Ndemanga ena ngakhale wokonda kulankhula za neoliberalism monga mtundu watsopano wa Fascism. Ngakhale poipa kwambiri lachilendo la view pali chifukwa mungakumbukire Chile Pinochet owolowa manja ndi m'misasa ake ndende.

Achikominisi ndi Bolsheviks - ndani?

Lamanzere ndi lamanja-phiko maganizo yandale zambiri osati n'zovuta kupatukana, komanso wosakaniza ndi mzake. A chitsanzo chapadera cha amenewa - chikominisi. Ambiri mwa Bolshevik ndi Communist maphwando anabwera m'bwalolo chachikulu pambuyo disengagement ku demokalase chikhalidwe, amene wafunsira iwo.

The Democrats Social anali mmene lamanzere mapiko, yomwe inkafuna yowonjezera anthu ufulu ndale ndi kumasulika, kusintha zinthu chuma ndiponso umoyo wa anthu ogwira ntchito ndi kusintha njira ya kusintha mtendere. Against zonse izi mwachangu nkhondo ndiye kudzanja phiko maphwando. Chikominisi kukaneneza Social Democrats wamantha kupita kwa kusintha zambiri mofulumira anthu, amene akuonekera bwino mu mbiri ya Russia.

Mwachikulu kulankhula, vuto la ndalama kalasi ntchito akadali bwino. Komabe, anakhazikitsa ku Soviet Union, ndale inawonongedwa ufulu zonse za demokalase ndi kumasulika kwa anthu m'malo kukuza iwo mogwirizana ndi chimodzimodzi lamanzere phiko Democrats Social. Pansi Stalin, mkulu anatenga maluwa za ulamuliro wankhanza wa kumanja. Choncho, pali vuto kulimbikira gulu la zipani zina.

kusiyana Sociological

Ndi m'munda wa Chaanthu, mungapeze kusiyana choyamba. Leftists ndi otchedwa Boma otchuka wa anthu - osauka kwambiri, sikuti ndi umwini. Ndi awo Karl Marx wotchedwa proletarians, ndipo lero iwo amatchedwa malipiro-antchito, mwachitsanzo anthu amene amakhala yekha malipiro.

Maganizo kudzanja phiko nthawizonse zinaperekedwa kwa anthu pawokha, amene amakhala mumzinda ndi m'midzi, koma eni dziko kapena mwa njira iliyonse kwa kupanga (masitolo, mabizinesi, msonkhano ndi zina zotero), ndiye ntchito yaukapolo ena kapena iwo wodziimira.

Ndithudi, palibe chimene chingawalepheretse kumanja phiko maphwando pokhudzana ndi pamwamba proletariat, koma osati mu malo oyamba. kusiyana uyu ndiye woyamba ndi lofunika mzere wolekanitsa: pa dzanja limodzi pali bourgeois, cadres, mamembala a kudzinenera owolowa manja, eni malonda ndi mafakitale; Komano - alimi osauka, anthu wamba ndi antchito. Mwachibadwa, malire pakati pa misasa awiriwa anangotengeka ndi wosakhazikika, amene amakhala ndi unasefukira pafupipafupi mafelemu ku mbali wina ndi mzake. Inu simungakhoze musaiwale za kalasi wotchuka pakati, chomwe ndi mkhalidwe wapakati. Mu nthawi yathu, malire umenewu wakhala kwambiri makonzedwe.

M'mbiri komanso cha nzeru za kusiyana

Kuyambira French kuukira boma anasiya view ndale izo umalimbana mfundo amakani ndi kusintha. The zilili panopa sadzathanso kukhutiritsa andale a mtundu umenewu, iwo nthawizonse ankaima kusintha ndi zisinthe. Choncho, kumanzere anasonyeza kudzipereka ndi chikhumbokhumbo patsogolo mofulumira. Maganizo kudzanja phiko si zotsutsana ndi chitukuko, amasonyeza kufunika kwa chitetezo ndi kubwezeretsa makhalidwe akale.

Motero, munthu angaone mkangano wa mbali ziwiri lotsutsa - otsatira kuyenda ndi kuti mbali ya conservatism. Mwachibadwa, sitingathe kuyiwala za kusintha misa ndi mithunzi. Ndale, ndi oimira zipani Kumanzere kuona njira kuyambira kusintha, luso amachoka pa zapitazi, kusintha zonse mungathe. Kwenikweni kuona za mphamvu ndi njira kukhala kupitiriza kutero.

Tellingly, n'zothekanso kuona kusiyana poyerekezera ndi chenicheni pa onse. Leftists zambiri kusonyeza propensity amphamvu mtundu uliwonse wa enaake ndi chabe, pamene adani awo - moyenera lomveka ndi pragmatists. Komabe, wowopsa bwino-phiko mafani akhoza kukhala wachangu otentheka, ngakhale oopsa kwambiri.

kusiyana pandale

Kumanzere-phiko andale yaitali analengeza okha zokometsera zofuna za anthu ndi nthumwi yekha zilumikizano za malonda, maphwando ndi Mayanjano a ogwira ntchito ndi anthu wamba. Komabe mwachionekere kufotokoza kunyoza kwawo anthu, ali otsatira mpatuko wa dziko lakwawo, mutu wa boma, lingaliro la kukhulupirika kwa fuko. Pomaliza, palibe zodabwitsa iwo amatchedwa olankhulira maganizo dziko (amachita sachedwa dziko, authoritarianism ndi kumayiko ena), ndi owatsutsa ndale - mfundo za Republic. Zochita onsewo kumachititsa mfundo za demokalase maganizo, ndi ntchito bwino njira ulamuliro wankhanza wa chikoka.

Rightism mawonekedwe kwambiri angatchedwe kwambiri centralized opondereza boma (mwachitsanzo, ulamuliro wa Hitler), ndipo leftism - mosadziletsa anarchism kuti amafunsira chiwonongeko cha mphamvu konse.

kusiyana zachuma

Kumanzere-phiko maganizo andale yodziwika ndi negation a bizinesi. onyamula awo amakakamizidwa nazo izo panobe kukhulupirira boma kuposa msika. Nationalization, iwo moni mwakhama ndi wamba choonera ndi chisoni zakuya.

Anthu andale amene maganizo bwino, taganizirani zimene msika chinthu chachikulu mu chitukuko cha boma ndi chuma ambiri padziko lonse. Kumene, bizinesi opezeka mu chilengedwe ndi kutengeka, ndi mitundu yonse ya anthu wamba - ndi kutsutsa lakuthwa, chosalanga. Izi samaletsa mtundu kukhala nkhoswe ya boma amphamvu ndi kulimbitsa m'boma mu zigawo zosiyana za chuma, koma munthu ndi maganizo leftist ndi libertarian (a kutsatira za msika ufulu ngati kuli kotheka). Komabe, mfundo zazikulu zambiri zosasintha: lingaliro la boma amphamvu ndi lamanzere, mfulu msika - pa chabwino; anakonza chuma - lamanzere ndi mpikisano ndi mpikisano - kumanja.

Kusiyana maganizo zikuyenela

Lamanzere ndi lamanja-phiko maganizo andale amasiyana komanso maganizo a funso anthu. Woyamba kulimbikitsa anthropocentrism miyambo ndi umunthu. Ngakhale yotsirizira kulengeza lingaliro la abwino wamba, amene adzam'lamulira umunthu payekha. Apa ndi pamene kugona mizu ya ufulu wa chibadidwe cha chipembedzo ambiri ndipo kulibe Mulungu kumanzere. Kusiyana kwina ndi kufunika kwa dziko zoyambirira ndi kufunika internationalism ndi cosmopolitanism kwa wachiwiri.