The opondereza boma - chuma cha zaka mazana makumi awiri

Mbiri yakale, kuti zaka makumi awiri anali zaka osati ya mofulumira kuwonjezeka sayansi ndi mafakitale komanso zikamera ndi kukhazikitsidwa kwa zipani. Choncho, m'zaka za m'ma latsopano iye anabadwa ndipo akadali ikukambidwayo chodabwitsa - boma lopondereza.

Mbiri ya zikamera ndi kukula

Choyamba magulu opondereza ndi, monga Motero, boma anayamba kulankhula mu makumi za m'ma XX. Ndipo mu nkhani iyi, woyambitsa wa zodabwitsazi akuti ndi Benito Mussolini (malinga ndi zina J .. amitundu), koma chiyambi opondereza kugona zakuya kwambiri. Lingaliro la anthu amenewa, mbali kanukanu unkagwiritsidwa ngakhale ntchito za Plato ndi afilosofi kenako - Campanella, Marx, ndipo ngakhale JJ Rousseau. Koma likwaniritsidwe, io okha wachitatu woyamba zaka mazana makumi awiri.

Ku Ulaya, koma nkhondoyo inatha. Terms of mapangano a mtendere chinali olephera mayiko amene anachitaya icho, kuti zikuwoneka Sapita mwa sagwirizana, kukula ndi Wamkulu Depression. Pa chikhalidwe cha anthu losauka lingaliro Kawirikawiri tingafunse kuti okha subordination okwana boma muzochitika zones za moyo apagulu kupeza njira yotulukira zinthu mosavuta. Imodzi ndi yakuti ankaona view a boma imakhala yokha m'mayiko amene udindo wopereka ndalama zopepesera. Choncho, modes awa amayambira ku Germany, Italy, Soviet Union. Chiyambi cha Ulamuliro m'mayikowa zosiyanasiyana: kwinakwake lopondereza mfundo, kumene chikominisi - koma zotsatira zake ndi chimodzi "boma - ndizo zonse." Ndipo malingaliro ndiponso mfundo zofunika za ntchito zimafanana. Monga adzakhala anasonyeza pansipa.

Lingaliro ndi mbali ya boma lopondereza

Ponena za Ulamuliro monga chodabwitsa ndale komanso a dziko, mawu ali nthawizonse owona kuti munthu ngati boma Zikuoneka zazing'ono chithunzi. Kwa patsogolo zosowa za zida boma ndipo akuluakulu ake, ndipo zimenezi n'zomveka mfundo chifukwa Iwo uli mu dzina lokha - ". Onse boma" Koma kumvetsa zimene umaonetseredwa, ayenera ankaona mbali yaikulu ya chodabwitsa pansi kufufuza.

Zizindikiro za boma lopondereza umaimiridwa ndi makhalidwe zotsatirazi mmene iyeyo:

1. njira zikamera ndi kukhazikitsidwa nthawi kugwirizana ndi ziwawa. Izi poyera mu mbiri ya Soviet Union, covertly zambiri analandira National Socialists;
2. kuli a zipani zandale ndi kukanidwa kwathunthu. Pankhaniyi tikulankhula loletsa pa mlingo malamulo, maphwando ena onse kupatula kuweruza kwa;
3. mwachidziwikire motere ku mbali yapita lotsatira. Boma lopondereza wokanayo mfundo ya Kulekana kwa mphamvu za kuli kotheka nawo anthu lolamulira dziko;
4. ntchito mantha ngati chida wosakhutira anthu ndi yimitsira ndi kuwonongedwa kwa akuluakulu osafunika boma;
5. kukhazikitsidwa kwa lamulo wapadera, zomwe cholinga chake ndicho kukhalabe mphamvu ndi kuwapatsa udindo watsopano wa mphamvu yovomerezeka;
6. Iwo ali wosakwatiwa, chofunika kwa maganizo onse, zopatuka amene analangidwa pa milandu makamaka kwambiri;
7. kupangidwa kwa zida zamphamvu asilikali umalimbana onse mdani Link (nthawi zambiri, icho ikuchitikabe nkhondo yogonjetsa adani), ndi yimitsira a zachiwawa ndi zipolowe;
8. lalikulu udindo wa mtsogoleri wa chipani cholamulira ndi gulu lake lapamtima mu tanthauzo la dziko la njira chitukuko.
9. "Kukongoletsa" chikhalidwe cha dongosolo milandu, akuyenera kutenga malamulo koma osati njira yovomerezeka.

Boma lopondereza ngati akana kuthekera chitukuko anthu monga munthu amene ufulu ndi kumasulika ofunika. Mtundu uwu wa ndale adzakhala nthawi zonse pansi pa ulamuliro wa munthu opaleshoni dongosolo.

Patsalanso okha kudziwa kuti boma lopondereza ngati mbiri yasonyeza - si yotheka njira kugwira ntchito kwa anthu. Ndipo zokhudza mfundo iyi, poyamba pa zonse, kuti kukana udindo wa mwamuna monga nzika ndipo kwambiri ntchito unit wa anthu kungachititse kuti Kulandidwa kwa ulamuliro ankaona.