Wambiri ya Hodorkovskogo Mihaila Borisovicha

Amakhumudwa yonena za Hodorkovskogo Mihaila Borisovicha ndi chitsanzo cha unpredictability wa moyo, ndi zonse za lidzakhala ndi mavuto komanso mtendere, ndi dizzying bwino ndipo amapha zolephera. Today, dzina Khodorkovsky a atazunguliridwa ndi unyinji wa mbiri, nthano ndi kukhumbira, komanso kusanduka tsoka ake?

Childhood ndi Banja

Khodorkovsky (mbiri, makolo, amene oyambirira chinali ambiri) anabadwa June 26, 1963 mu Moscow, m'banja la "likungosonyeza" mbewu akatswiri. bambo ake kwa nthawi yaitali akhala Mkulu wa akatswiri okonza, mayi anga anali katswiri wamba. Banja analibe chuma chambiri, bambo ake anali kale msewu mwana, amene ali Ayuda, moyo wake wonse wagwira ntchito mu chikhulupiriro chabwino. Amayi makolo apamwamba, koma si inali nkhani zokambirana m'nyumba. Wambiri Khodorkovsky, amene banja lake kuti oimira anzeru luso m'njira yabwino mawu, anayamba lililonse kwambiri kwa Soviet Union. Zaka zinai za moyo wake Michael wakhala mu nyumba limodzi, ndiye banja lawo linasamukira apatukane.

Michael kuyambira ubwana ankasiyana kwambiri kwambiri, ngakhale ku sukulu ya mkaka wake dzina "la Director", sukulu kuseri kwa icho litakhazi- mizu dzina lakuti "theoretician". Iye anali wophunzira wabwino, anasonyeza luso lalikulu masamu ndipo zimapangidwira. Iye anaphunzira ku sukulu yapadera, anaphunzira umagwirira kunyumba ndi makolo awo kuti masamu pa phunzirolo ndipo mwachita zatsopano zosiyanasiyana. Kuwonjezera pa maphunziro ake, Michael komanso anali nawo karate ndi Sambo, kwambiri kuwerenga.

zaka kuphunzira

Mikhail Khodorkovsky, amene mbiri kuyambira ali amagwirizana ndi zimapangidwira, mu 1980 analowa Institute of Chemical Technology iwo. Mendeleev. Ilo silinali phunziro wanzeru kwambiri yunivesite pali mphatso mnyamata sikunali kovuta. Mu yomweyi, wachita ovutika: nawo mbali pa moyo wa Young League Communist, kutsogozedwa ndi magulu omanga. Ndipo Iye anapeza ntchito ku Siberia, anatsogolera zokambirana zonse ndi atsogoleri a mabungwe ang'onoang'ono, ndi m'chilimwe, ophunzira achita ndalama zambiri. wagawo wake m'chaka chachinayi anali yabwino ya zokolola. Mu 1985, Khodorkovsky sukulu ya sekondale ulemu ndipo amatha kusankha kugawa malo. Iye ankafuna ntchito pa kampani pawekha Siberia ndi ku sukulu maphunziro, koma sizinatero. Pali maganizo ambiri chifukwa chake madongosolo sizinakwaniritsidwe. Iwo amanena kuti kupewedwa dziko analembedwa pasipoti ya bambo wa Michael, Baibulo lina limanena kuti kusankha maphunziro bwanji ntchitoyo rector amene analankhula za kulephera kwa kufunafuna sayansi pa siteji pano.

Kenako, Michael anabwerera ku Institute of Economy National dzina la Plekhanov pa zachuma ndi (anamaliza 1988).

The zolowa loyamba

Employment History Hodorkovskogo Mihaila Borisovicha anayamba ana. Kusukulu, iye kusesa misewu, kudula mkate yophika buledi, ndi wothandizira kalipentala - kotero mnyamata anakhoza kupeza thumba ndalama ndi reagents kwa zatsopano mankhwala. Pamene ndinali kuwerenga pa anayambitsa, iye ankachita mwakanthawi ngati kalipentala pomanga mukupanga "Etalon". Iye nthawizonse ankafunitsitsa ndalama, ndipo iye anapeza njira kuti achite izo.

Ntchito ndi wachinyamata

Nditamaliza maphunziro yonena Khodorkovsky, amene dziko anatchulidwa pa bambo 'Myuda, panali pang'ono monga iye ankafuna, chifukwa sanathenso kulowa mabungwe payekha nawo zikuchitika chitetezo. Choncho, Michael ntchito mwachidule anamasulidwa Wachiwiri mlembi wa Komsomol wa yunivesite, ndiyeno kukhala kazembe mlembi wa Komiti ya District ya Komsomol. Panthawi imeneyi, akuyamba ndi funde la malonda onse, kuphatikizapo mabungwe omwe si a boma, iwo anapatsidwa ufulu pang'ono zachuma. Izi ndipo anagwiritsa ntchito Khodorkovsky, pamodzi ndi Platon Lebedev ndi Sergeem Monahovym. Iwo amalenga Youth Initiative Fund, amene amalola kuti mwalowa ntchito achinyamata. Kenako, zochokera thumba izi anakula Center kwa Timagalasi Scientific ndi luso Youth. Kukhazikitsidwa pakati anali malinga ndi mzimu wa nthawi, Khodorkovsky anamvetsera timafunitsitsa kuti zinachitika ndi kuona phindu amafunika ankapitabe izi. Mfundo sanali kuthandiza ntchito unyamata, ndipo malo anatilola kudziletsa kuchita zinthu zamalonda. Ndipo Michael zachitika namondwe wa ntchito: m'bungwe tanthauzo ndi kugulitsa makompyuta, kugulitsa mowa, analenga msonkhano kuti atulutse "yophika" jinzi. Zonsezi wabweretsa phindu ndithu. Koma Khodorkovsky kokha kuonjezera lonse, anatha kulenga dongosolo ndalama ndalama ndi mabungwe ena kuti sakanatha kugwira malipiro. Panthawi imeneyi ankalandira choyamba kwenikweni chachikulu ndalama zake. Iye anakhala "zatsopano" machenjerero azachuma, amene anagwiritsa ntchito otsatira ambiri.

Pa nthawi imeneyo, Khodorkovsky amapeza lalikulu, maulalo zothandiza kuti apeze mlingo lotsatira.

Menatep

Mu 1989, Khodorkovsky ndi wake comrades amalenga malonda gombe, ndiyeno banki mgwirizano, chidule Menatep. Iye waima pa mutu wa kumalo a ntchito, Nevzlin ndi Golubovic ndi substituents Oaks ukugwira wocheperapo mabanki. banki amalandira boma chilolezo oyamba mu dziko ndipo amayamba kugulitsa ndalama, ndiyeno ikupereka magawo ake, amene zikukangalika ikulengezedwa pa TV. The ma sheya hoda sanayembekezere wolonjezedwa benefiti yaikulu. The Bank ntchito mabungwe zikuluzikulu boma, kupanga zolowa yaikulu.

Pa wamba wa Menatep zochitika kugula katundu wa dziko. Kudzera mpheto ya amagulitsa nsombazo chikolecho banki ndiye mwini 90% gawo lachiwiri pa mayiko kampani mafuta dziko - Yukos. Kuyambira nthawi imeneyo Khodorkovsky saperekanso kukhala banki, iye plunges mu makampani latsopano okha.

Yukos

Wambiri Khodorkovsky akupanga kupindika watsopano, wokonda bizinesi ena. Mafuta opereka mwayi waukulu kugwiritsa ntchito zosiyanasiyana. Koma iye asanafike kutembenuka, monga kuphulika mavuto 1998 Chaka, amene chinasokoneza mtendere wa Khodorkovsky banki "anabzala banga" pa Yukos, amene sanafune kulipira lopeza. Mikhail Borisovich msanga anagwira yekha, anatha agwirizane malonda awo, ngakhale banki anayenera adzasiyidwa. Pambuyo kusakhulupirika, iye chinkhoswe mu kulipira kupanga mafuta ndi katundu, kusintha kampaniyo, kumaonjezera chilungamo cha revenues ndalama zimene Investor chidaliro akadzabweranso. Ndi 2003, Yukos magawo ndi kawiri mu mtengo. kampaniyo komanso kugwiritsa ntchito njira zosiyanasiyana zimene 'msonkho kukhathamiritsa "kusintha profitability. Mu 2003, Forbes akuti boma Khodorkovsky a madola biliyoni 8, wotchedwa olemera Russian chaka.

Khodorkovsky kawiri ankafuna Pangani umodzi kampeni YUKSI (pamodzi ndi "Sibneft" Abramovich). Iye ankaganiza mpaka chiwembu kuti amulola kuti kutsimikiza ntchito zanu ndi kukhala munthu wolemera kwambiri mu dziko, koma apolisi anadumphirapo, chimene chinawononga ziyembekezo.

ndale

Wambiri Khodorkovsky wakhala imakhudza ntchito, komanso ndi dera boma ndi ndale. Mu 1990-91 iye ndi Nevzlin ndi alangizi a Nduna Silaeva, amene akadadziwa mzake kuchokera likulu la sayansi ndi luso zilandiridwenso achinyamata. Mu 1993, Michael anakhala wapampando wa Fund Investment kulimbikitsa wokonda. Mu zaka wotsatira, iye ndi membala wa makomiti zambiri ndi akuluakulu a misinkhu yosiyanasiyana, mpaka boma. Kuchokera mu 1999, zambiri mwa likulu mwakhama chilengedwe cha chifanizo ndi lobbying boma. Khodorkovsky nawo ntchito ntchito yothandiza - imayendetsedwa chiphaso sukulu ana amasiye. Iye ndalama msonkhano chisankho cha Party Communist ndi chipani "Yabloko" m'zigawo, kumene madipoziti mafuta lalikulu ili. Mu 2003, izo othandizira kusankha masewera anayi okha.

Mu 2002, Khodorkovsky amalenga thumba "Open Russia" amene gulu la oyang'anira zikuphatikizapo J. Rothschild ndi Henry Kissinger. Ndi 2004, dziko anali nthambi oposa 50 bungwe, amene zikugwira wamakono wa maphunziro, anachititsa Internet m'madera akumidzi, ntchito ndi achinyamata. Khodorkovsky Foundation anathandiza popularize malonda anu ndi kaonedwe ake.

Milandu ndi zaka m'ndende

Mu 2003, yonena Khodorkovsky chimapangitsa kukhota lakuthwa. Mu February, iye anakumana ndi Putin pa nkhani ya woyenera kugulitsa "Rosneft", anali udzu otsiriza kuti chikho cha kuleza mtima pomizika akuluakulu. Boma kalekale kwambiri mafunso ntchito za Yukos, iye anakumbukira "msonkho kukhathamiritsa" ndipo anatsegula mlandu Lebedev, poyamba, ndiyeno ndi Khodorkovsky. Iye sanafune kusiya dziko, ngakhale machenjezo onse anzanu anakhala kuthandiza Lebedev anamangidwa, koma October 25, 2003 anamangidwa pa njira Irkutsk.

Mu 2005, khotilo alamulidwa Khodorkovsky ndi Lebedev analandira zaka 8, koma Iwo sanaweruze wosalakwa ndi kuumirira nkhani zandale za bwalo. Akuyenda kufufuza ndi mayesero, zikuchitikanso pa TV taphunzira yapadera yomwe ANKAMUNENA Khodorkovsky wa INA oligarchic kulanda boma mu dziko. Mu West ndi ku mabwalo otsutsa, pa dzanja lina, anati choncho ali maziko ndale. The ECtHR anapeza mlandu "andende achikumbumtima" Ngakhale anatsimikizira kukhalako amamvekera nkhani ya chigawo ndale. Yukos katundu ankalandidwa mu ulemu wa ngongole, koma analephera kulanda yachilendo chuma.

Mu 2006 izo linatsegulidwa nkhani yatsopano pa kuba kwa mafuta, umene Khodorkovsky analamulidwa zaka 14, chimene iye anali kutumikira mu dera Chita.

Pomaliza Khodorkovsky anapitiriza kumenyera ufulu wawo, iye nkhani zingapo ndipo zinalembedwa mu atolankhani Western, kanayi njala amenye, iye sanali kokha kuti pakati m'ndende chifukwa chophwanya malamulo m'ndende. Pa nthawiyi, anthu sanamutaye awo akuyesetsa kuteteza Khodorkovsky - unachitikira magawo, kulemba makalata, nkhani.

kumasulidwa

Wambiri Khodorkovsky, banja ndi ana amene akhala chifukwa chachikulu kusaka ya ufulu, anasintha iye potsiriza mlanduwu chopempha kuti am'chitire. Mu 2013, Putin anati pa msonkhano wa atolankhani ananena kuti Khodorkovsky mwina pepani, ngati m'mene zopempha. pempho tingati kuvomera kupalamula, koma popeza Michael ali kuduwala mayi, iye anapita kwa izo. Ndipo December 20, 2013 atamasulidwa, maloya mopupuluma m'bungwe pitani Khodorkovsky mu Berlin.

moyo kunja

Wambiri Khodorkovsky kachiwiri zimapangitsa kukhota, patatha zaka 10 m'ndende, anakakhala Switzerland, analandira zogona chilolezo. Nthawi yoyamba kazivutitsa kwambiri atolankhani. Atasamukira ku watsopano Mihail Hodorkovsky akuwonekera. Wambiri, mkazi, moyo payekha tsopano, iye anati, adzakhala chinthu chachikulu kwa iye, ndipo adzakhala ndi moyo kunja kwa ndale. Komabe, pewani mawu ndale sangatero, patadutsa miyezi yochepa, anafotokoza mmene zinthu zinalili ku Russia kumatsutsa boma la dzikolo. Mu March 2014, Khodorkovsky amanena kuti ali wokonzeka kukhala nkhoswe mu mkangano Russia ndi Ukraine mu Crimea. Mu September 2014 iye "resets" "Open Russia", sakuwona ngati kubwerera lamulo Mikhail Borisovich. Khodorkovsky mowirikiza wokamba katswiri pa mavuto azandale Russia mu TV Western, iye mtsikanayu zochitika anthu. Mawu ake phwandolo ku Paris mu 2014 kuti anali wokonzeka kukhala pulezidenti wa Russia, ndi kuchita zonse kulenga anthu pachiweniweni m'dzikolo, anaonedwa monga atchedwe cholinga.

moyo

ukwati woyamba Khodorkovsky anali kutha masiku ake wophunzira. mkazi woyamba Elena mu 1985 anabereka mwana wamwamuna, Michael Paulo. Mu 1991, Khodorkovsky adzakwatira kachiwiri. mkazi wake wachiwiri INNA anam'berekera ana atatu: Mwana wamkazi ndi ana aamuna aŵiri amapasa. Mu 2009, Michael amakhala agogo. zofunika ake panopa pambuyo amasulidwe Mikhail Khodorkovsky choncho anasankha: banja, mkazi, ndi ana. Photo banja lonse kuli kovuta kupeza, monga mosamala amateteza zachinsinsi zawo. Koma ndakhala kunja kwa okondedwa zaka 10 ndipo tsopano kuyesera kuti andipeze.

Khodorkovsky, mbiri, banja, chithunzi zachinsinsi KWAMBIRI chidwi mu media, ndipo ndi zotopetsa. Komabe, iye amakamba zoyankhulana iye amapezeka pa zochitika zazikulu za moyo wake akupitirira.

Wambiri Khodorkovsky, mkazi wake ndi ana omwe anakhala gawo lalikulu, akadali mu gawo bata. Amangira moyo wake, masuti malonda, koma nthawi zambiri mu kuyankhulana mtima kwambiri n'kunena mokalipa kuti ali ndi mtima wofuna kusintha Russia. Izi zimamupatsa akuluakulu chifukwa amakhulupirira kuti iye ali zokhumba za ndale. Izi ndi zimene ambiri otsutsa kufotokoza maonekedwe a Khodorkovsky ANKAMUNENA kupha Vladimira Petuhova, meya Nefteyugansk, ndilo lotchedwa "chachitatu nkhani ya Yukos."

Mikhail Borisovich ananena kuti iye sanali nkhawa analengeza kuti yotsatira akufuna ndi akuluakulu a Russian, akupitiriza kuti afotokoze zochitika mu dziko. Komabe, Khodorkovsky, banja ndi ana chomwe kwambiri Sitiyenera kuti mwadzidzidzi ndale mawu.