Mu 2012, khama la Russian Public Opinion Research Center (VTsIOM), kafukufukuyu kunachitidwa, imene Russia anafunsidwa kuti afotokoze chomwe ufulu. Anthu oposa theka la ophunzira pa mayeso amenewa (kapena tinene, 56%) zinkandivuta ndi kutsegula akuti. N'zokayikitsa kuti zimenezi wasintha kwambiri m'zaka zingapo, kotero tiyeni tione zimene mfundo ankati liberalism ndi nanga ichi azimuth umoyo ndale aumunthu.
Amene ndi owolowa manja?
Mu mau kwambiri tikhoza kunena kuti munthu amene anachita kwa gululi, asatambira ndi endorses lingaliro la zochepa alowererepo boma asapita chikhalidwe. Maziko a dongosolo lino la zinthu zochokera payekha entrepreneurial chuma, amene nawonso, ndi bungwe mfundo msika. Mafunso amene ali ndi ufulu, akatswiri ambiri amanena kuti ndi iye amene ufulu wa ndale, munthu ndi chuma amaona patsogolo chapamwamba kwambiri mu moyo wa boma ndi anthu. Pakuti kumbali ya malingaliro a ufulu ndi ufulu wa munthu aliyense ndi ena yodalirika limene, mu maganizo awo, dongosolo la zachuma ndi chikhalidwe iyenera kumangidwa. Tikambirana amene Osaumira Democrat. Uyu ndi munthu amene, kuteteza ufulu, ndi mdani wa authoritarianism. demokalase owolowa manja, mu maganizo a asayansi ndale Western - ndi abwino anafuna m'mayiko ambiri otukuka. Komabe, pa mawu tingalankhule osati mawu a ndale. Mu tanthauzo lake loyambirira la mawu otchedwa freethinkers onse ndi libertines. Nthawi zina chiwerengero chawo anagwa amene ali mmudzi anali wofunitsitsa kuphatikizidwa kwambiri.
olekerera zamakono
Monga ndi maganizo paokha, ankaona maganizo kayendedwe anatuluka mu zaka zana la 17 mochedwa. Maziko a chitukuko anali ntchito za olemba ngati wotchuka Montesquieu, John. Locke, Adam Smith ndi Yohane. Mill. Pa nthawi imeneyo ankaganiza kuti ufulu bizinesi komanso sanali kulowelera za boma moyo payekha n'kogwiritsa bwino ndiponso kusintha moyo wa anthu. Komabe, monga kunapezeka, chitsanzo chakale cha liberalism sanali kulipira ngongole. Free, kusalankhula ndi mpikisano boma kwachititsa kuti zikamera owona, umene mpweya mitengo. Ndale, panali magulu chidwi lobbying. Zonsezi kukhale kovuta kwa kufanana malamulo ndipo kwambiri itsekeke pang'ono mwayi kwa amene akufuna kuchita malonda onse. Mu zaka 80-90. m'ma 19 malingaliro owolowa manja anayamba kuona pamavuto aakulu. Chifukwa cha kusaka yaitali ongolankhula m'zaka za m'ma 20 wakhala anayamba yachilendo, lotchedwa Wachiwiri-liberalism kapena liberalism chikhalidwe. wolalikira amalimbikitsa kuteteza munthu ku mavuto obwera ndi nkhanza za dongosolo msika. Mu liberalism chakale, boma lakhala chinachake cha "mlonda usiku". Olekerera lero anavomereza kuti anali kulakwitsa, ndipo m'gulu pulogalamu malingaliro ake monga:
- alowererepo zochepa boma muzochitika ndi zachuma;
- boma kulamulira zochitika za kuphangira;
- nawo misa ndale;
- zimatsimikizira angapo ufulu zochepa chikhalidwe (phindu akale zaka, ufulu kuphunzira, ntchito, etc.);
- kugwirizana lotengeka ndi ulamuliro;
- chilungamo ndale (a democratization wa kupanga zisankho ndale).
olekerera Russian
Pokambirana polytypic a Russian ano azimuth zimenezi zimachititsa kwambiri mikangano. Kwa ena olekerera - ndi conformist, kusewera pamodzi ndi West, koma kwa ena - mankhwala amene angathe kupulumutsa dziko ku mphamvu zonse za boma. Chotero kusatsatira palibe mbali yaing'ono chifukwa chakuti mu Russia pa nthawi yomweyo pali zingapo zosiyanasiyana mfundo imeneyi. The lodziwika ambiri a iwo owolowa manja pankhani (nthumwi - Alexei Venediktov, mkonzi wamkulu wa siteshoni "Echo wa Moscow"), Wachiwiri-liberalism (nthumwi - Andrei Illarionov), liberalism chikhalidwe (chipani "Yabloko") ndi liberalism malamulo (cha Republican Party ndi chipani Parnas).