Napalm ndi chiyani? Ntchito ndi zikuchokera napalm

Kuti ndi napalm, anthu ambiri Soviet aphunzira okha zaka zao za sikisite ndi kuonera TV Kuphunzira za Vietnam aukali. amayaka zoopsa ana anavulala ndi kuphedwa, moto m'matauni ndi m'midzi anachititsa wolungamitsidwa mkwiyo. Ngakhale kuwombera chapatali, anayang'ana airstrike zoopsa. Pa nkhalango "Phantom" kapena "Skyhawk" chizindikiro pa njira nkhondowo, panthawi ina pamimba pake anapambulwa lalikulu thanki ndudu woboola pakati, ofanana ndi mphamvu zina mafuta, iye mosintha anagwetsedwa bola ngati si kukhudza pansi, kenako anayamba, ndipo kuchokera unafalikira pa nyanja ya moto, amene chipulumutso ... ambiri, napalm - ndi chida choopsa.

Lingaliro ndi kukhazikitsa

Mu zonse zimene zikukhudzana ndi njira chiwonongeko cha mtundu wawo, anthu amasonyeza luso, momveka woyeneradi ntchito bwino. Choyamba bwino ndi dzuwa la wakupha, ena kuposa mofulumira-oyenda ndi zida zida zankhondo, flamethrowers zitsulo, chikwama, n'kupuma ndi wokwera pa akasinja wapadera. lingaliro ndi losavuta: madzi flammable ngati madzi payipi ayenera kupita kwa mdani. Koma mu nkhani iyi osavuta anabisa nsombazo. Choyamba, muyenera kupeza kumeneko, ndipo kachiwiri, kusokoneza ndondomeko kutha. Petulo onse zabwino, koma anatentha yomweyo. Dizilo mafuta anatentha kuyesa. Muyenera chenicheni kwambiri mwakuti pamene poyatsira tisaletse kwambiri kutentha kwa nthawi yaitali. Ndi 1942, vutoli anali ambiri anathana ndi akatswiri ku University Harvard, ntchito m'gulu la Dr. L. Fieser pa malamulo USACC (Chemical Corps wa Army US). Japanese posachedwa, kusunga chitetezo Tinian, tinaphunzira zimene napalm. Komabe, kumuuza za izo sakanakhoza onsewo.

The luso lokonzekera

Mkuluyu zamakono lingaliro anali kuwonjezera waukulu combustibles zosakaniza retarding kuyaka, kuwonjezera kukhuthala ndi aluso kuti kutsatira. bwino yosayenera mphira cholinga: iye ndi yomata ndipo viscous, ndi kusungunuka bwino, ndipo amayaka, koma momvetsa mtengo. Apa chisakanizo cha mchere asidi palmitic ndi nafteinovoy wakhala bwino. The zikuchokera napalm nampatsa dzina, izo ziribe kanthu kochita ndi mawu Russian "mphukira", ndipo anapanga makalata oyambirira zina mankhwala kuti apange mafuta zonse ndi deadlier kwambiri.

The chifukwa cha khama chitukuko wakhala ngati mankhwala, pa kugwirizana kwake kwambiri kapena zochepa wandiweyani, mpaka odzola ngati. kuyaka kutentha anafika mazana asanu madigiri Celsius. Zowonjezera munamutcha za chakhumi cha chonse pamodzi. Iwo bwino ntchito ku Ulaya, nkhondo ndi asilikali a ku Germany ndi anzawo, ndi Pacific zisudzo ntchito yolimbana ndi Japanese.

Kodi "Napalm-B"

Patsogolo sangathe anaima, makamaka m'munda wa njira chiwonongeko. Apa mu maphunziro ndi mankhwala ... Koma tsopano si za izo.

Ndi chiyambi cha ku Korea, zikuchokera napalm anali wodzilemekeza ndi zigawo latsopano, kuwongolera kwambiri Mwachangu ake. Choyamba, bwino mankhwala bata pa yosungirako yaitali, kwathetsa kuthekera tuzigawo twa ndi mtolo. Kachiwiri, kuutentha m'tsogolo kwambiri ndi motentha (mpaka 1500 ° C). Ndipo chachitatu, chinthu chofunika kwambiri - mankhwala ndi osasintha zonse. Ngati chinthu madzi kapena owazidwa chisanu, ndi bwino ngakhale (ndiko kuti, zoipa kwambiri kwa chinthu). The zikuchokera napalm monga zitsulo soda, amene amadziwika pa njira umagwirira sukulu, pamene chinyezi chabe amaphulika. Monga thickener mu "napalm-B" ntchito mwachizolowezi polystyrene kusungunuka benzene. Izi gehena lonse wa kusokonezeka ndi sodium wochuluka kapena potaziyamu anawonjezera kuti mafuta, chidwi, ndipo inu mwachita. Burns ngakhale zitsulo. Mwa njira, ndi yotchipa.

Kulingalira ndi chiletso

Motsutsa Vietcong otchedwa (National Kumasuka Front), Ankhondo US wagwiritsa ntchito pafupifupi onse a zida, kupatulapo zida zoopsa. Komabe, kudziwa ndi kumvetsa napalm, n'zovuta kusiya kuganiza kuti mwina bwino chifukwa cha gulu ili. Nkhani imeneyi osayanjanitsika ndithu ngati ntchito yake zone zana, zikwi kapena kupitirirapo zamoyo, izo udzayaka onse amene amagwa. Ndi chifukwa chake mu 1980, msonkhano kwavomelezedwa ndi UN, omwe amaletsa napalm. Kugwiritsa ntchito zida incendiary ankaona woipitsitsawu njira za nkhondo. Koma si onse anamvera mawu chete chifukwa. Koma ichi Kumafunikira yekha kudzionetsera kapena wina ndi banja lake pansi yowaza napalm. Mwina alibe malingaliro zokwanira onse ...

pambuyo 1980

Convention kuti aletse kugwiritsa ntchito napalm anatenga 99 madera a dziko, oposa theka la ankaimira mu UN onse. Ena mwa iwo ndi Russia (ndiye RSFSR) ndi Ukraine (Ukraine), Belarus (BSSR) ndi onse a ku Ulaya (San Marino ndi Andorra alibe makamu, kotero mu ndondomeko ya njira woopsa zoletsa sanali kuchita nawo). Dziko liri mu chikhalidwe cha nkhondo kapena podikira ake kuchokera kusaina kapena ratifying kusala. Pakati pawo, ku United States, Israel, Turkey, ndi Republic of Korea, Afghanistan, Vietnam, Sudan, Nigeria ndi ena. Utatha wa Soviet Union anayi mayiko kale (Armenia, Azerbaijan, Kyrgyzstan ndi Kazakhstan), nawonso, sichoncho m'gulu la Convention (protocol lachitatu).

Ntchito napalm El Salvador Army (Civil nkhondo, 1984), Argentina (Falklands, 1982), Iraq (ndi mphamvu za Iran, 1980), komanso Britain ndi United States (pa "Opaleshoni chipululu Mphepo" mu 1991). Nthawi zimachitika mu nkhondo, kunyanyala sanali nthawi zonse zolondola mokwanira, kuchititsa anthu wamba akuvutika.

napalm wina

Kupeza bwino opanga mtundu mankhwala zina amagwiritsa ntchito mawu amene lodziwika bwino kwa anthu, koma mu nkhani ina. Mwachitsanzo, wothandizila kwa kulamulira mphemvu nthawi ina inkatchedwa "Koba" (dzina chipani I. V. Stalina), kunena, mwachionekere, nkhanza wake kwa adani. Pakati toyesa zina mankhwala pakhomo kuonedwa ndi "Napalm" namsongole. Ndi, ngati inu mukukhulupirira malonda Zamkati ogwira herbicide, ndi godsend kwenikweni kwa alimi ndi eni zing'onozing'ono chilimwe. Ubwino waukulu, monga napalm lili chinthu cholimba umachitika padziko zomera ndi kukana kwa mpweya. Kodi koyenela ndi dzina? Za momwe kuweruza ogula. Mwina nonse ndi kukumbukira nkhondo ya ku Vietnam.