Mesoeconomics - izo ... Kodi amaphunzira mesoeconomics

Mu chiphunzitso zachuma, pali mawu akuti "mesoeconomics" amene ali otchuka kwambiri osati mabuku ambiri a sayansi, komanso mfundo za kasamalidwe othandiza. Kodi zikutanthauza chiyani? Kodi molondola anamasulira mogwirizana ndi nkhani yake? Mmene mawu amagwirizana ndi sayansi?

kutanthauza

Kutanthauzira mawu akuti mu funso, ochepa. Kodi woyamba? Mesoeconomics - izo (mukatsatira malingaliro ongolankhula, lofala Katswiri m'dera Russian) ali zizindikiro za pafupi malamulo ndi zina, akonzedwa a m'zigawozo kuphatikiza mabungwe a zachuma, choikidwa makamaka kwa sing'anga ndi mabizinesi lalikulu. Ikani wa makampani mu funso kumatanthauza chuma makamaka wamba ndi chuma.

Mawu achigiriki otanthauza "mezos" amatanthauza "wapakatikati." Iwo ayenera kumvetsa monga - ndi olimba anapanga mgwirizano umene tinganene kuti agwilitse ndi "pakati" malo pakati zosiyanasiyana mabizinesi ang'onoang'ono ndi chuma cha dziko la m'dziko limodzi anafotokoza. Ie "mezokompaniya", pa dzanja limodzi, opondapo kuonedwa kuti yaing'ono kapena sing'anga-kakulidwe mabizinesi, Komano - sikelo yake akadali osati opondapo kuyerekeza ndi GDP ya boma imene ili.

chilango Scientific?

Pali kutanthauzira wina akuti. Mesoeconomics - mwambo sayansi. Ndi mbali ya chiphunzitso zachuma. Mesoeconomics amaphunzira ntchito amakampani pa mlingo wa mafakitale payekha. Mwachitsanzo, malonda, makampani chitetezo, IT-luso etc .. tanthauzo limeneli, ndi "meso" amatanthauza chinachake pakati zazikulu ndi yaying'ono. Kuti anthu amalanga kuti kufufuza ntchito za makampani munthu kapena chuma cha dziko lonse.

Kumene, zinthu zina zimene mesoeconomics maphunziro, ndi anthu Makampani kuti yodziwika ndi kuphatikiza a dongosolo mu chimango cha dzina chomwecho, angaonedwe komanso m'nkhani yomweyo. Izi zidalira pa kapangidwe ka phunziro makamaka. Mwachitsanzo, ngati amaphunzira Mwachitsanzo, chuma cha m'dera lapakati kwa mzindawo pa chitsanzo cha kulumikizana kwa Makampani, ntchito kutsogolera makampani chomwecho.

Nthaŵi zina, mawu akuti "mesoeconomics" amagwiritsidwa ntchito ponena kuti nkhani za kafukufuku zachuma, pamene izo zifika ku njira malonda pa mlingo wa zigawo munthu - ndi yoyenera dongosolo boma la boma, monga ku Russia kapena US. Ie "meso" Pankhaniyi - ndi chinthu pakati pa chuma mzinda ndi dongosolo dziko zachuma.

Kodi mesoeconomics?

Ngati ife kulankhula za kutanthauzira loyamba la mawu akuti, ndiye nthawi yaitali motani kulibe? Malinga ndi akatswiri ambiri, mesoeconomics - chifukwa cha njira chitukuko zachilengedwe kugwirizana ndi mafakitale chuma chikuyendera mayiko, amene makamaka kwambiri anali anaona kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 20. Ndiye, mogwirizana ndi kusintha kwa zipangizo, anayamba kuculuka ndende mphamvu popanga katundu.

The ndende ya ulimi

Chifukwa, zomera mkulu-ntchito zinamangidwa pa malo ochepa. Midzi anayamba mu malo aakulu mafakitale. Chuma cha mzinda panopa akutha liziyenda pamaziko a mabizinezi ili yekha mu izo. Kuphatikiza kupanga zitsulo mpaka kufika ngati kuti payokha anatengedwa magulu a zolowa kampani anayamba olumpha ndalama za maiko ena.

Kodi unachitika mesoeconomics? Akatswiri zambiri kuitana nthawi zikusonyeza zomwe zimachitika "yaying'ono" - malo mogwirizana ndi ochepa, palokha chuma - mafakitale, mafakitale payekha. Iwo akhoza zochokera Mwachitsanzo, chuma cha kumudzi, koma si mzinda waukulu - kunakhala kotheka kamodzi panali chinthu monga mesoeconomics.

Features mesoeconomics

Mbali yaikulu ya mesoeconomics akatswiri otchedwa centralization. Iwo angayambe mitundu iwiri - ndi yopingasa ndi choimirira. Mbali yoyamba, makampani ophatikizana kubala mtundu womwewo wa mankhwala (kapena gulu mankhwala), lachiwiri - anagwirizana makampani mkati kuchotsedwa magawo osiyanasiyana kupanga. N'zothekanso wosanganiza zosinthika. Ndipo mu nkhani iyi tiona pa opendekera wa centralization, mmene omwe pakali pano akhoza chidwi kwambiri, komanso zosiyanasiyana imene mabizinesi ntchito. Ndipotu, akhoza kupanga wamba, yaing'ono chuma mofanana Mipikisano dongosolo monga anthu.

chikoka mesoeconomics

Zikamera mesoeconomics anakhala ndi chinthu cha kusintha kwakukulu mu njira ubale msika. Tinayamba kupanga m'makalata mezosistemy wa makampani membala mkati chimodzimodzi gawo la chuma. Mwachitsanzo, banki kapena mafakitale. Akatswiri ambiri amakhulupirira kuti mesoeconomics - ndi mtundu atongi wa mogwirizana chi pakati makampani, osati chabe chodabwitsa khalidwe la m'ma 20.

Kapangidwe ka mezopredpriyaty zamakono

Kodi kulinganiza kapangidwe ka mogwirizana makampani anagwirizana mwa machitidwe meso-chuma masiku ano? Tinganene, ndi likhale mmene muli mitundu iwiri ya likulu - weniweni ndiponso zongoganizira. The choyamba - ndi leni (mwachitsanzo, muyezo) ndi katundu wa makampani, wachiwiri - sheya (monga onsewo mfulu msika ulamuliro). Nthawi zambiri, mesoeconomics - m'malo amene anagwirizana ndi makampani akuluakulu kugwira ntchito mu boma (mu nkhani iyi, amagwiritsidwa akutsogolera makampani amene Makampani awa ntchito). Pa nthawi imene makampani ngati mawu kachulukidwe pang'ono, koma iwo simuvutika gawo lalikulu la likulu mu msika lonse dziko.

Pali milandu pamene olimba anatengerapo mwayi malo ake, atakhala loyenera mitengo awo. Koma mu nkhani iyi limati ambiri anayamba pa mlingo wa zogwirizana ambiri odana ndi kusakhulupilika malamulo njira. Choncho, akatswiri ambiri masiku ano amakhulupirira kuti mesoeconomics - chodabwitsa kuti lipindulitsa pa maganizo a za chitukuko cha zamalonda za dziko. Choyamba, mwa mawu a ntchito chikhalidwe. Koma osati.

Bata - mu kuphatikiza

Kodi mtundu wa mavuto a zachuma amatha kuthetsa ogwira ntchito, kupanga mezosistemy? Companies ikugwira ntchito mwa mabungwe akuluakulu amakhala zambiri kugonjetsedwa ndi mavuto. iwo kutsegula ntchito kwambiri, misonkho. Komanso, mtendere wa Makampani ophatikizidwa kumathandiza chakuti kuthetsa mavuto amenewa a chuma, monga mtendere wa chuma national: nyumba ntchito zamphamvu zambiri kutenga ngongole kubanki ndi mtendere anthuwa, kuposa Mwachitsanzo, mabizinesi ang'onoang'ono.

Mesoeconomics mabizinesi ndi ubale

Khalidwe ubale pakati pa malonda, n'kupanga mesoeconomics? Choyamba, ndi chokhumba kulowa Mapangano mgwirizano yaitali. Zimenezi zimathandiza makampani kuti ichitikire kuwathandiza zinthu msika, kukula kapena kugwa mu mitengo m'munda malonda kapena, Tikawonetsetsa amapereka. khama kuphatikiza angapo milandu wokondwa mwachindunji okwanira ndi anthu, komanso amalenga misika yatsopano. udindo Contractual zambiri pogwiritsa mkulu mlingo wa udindo. Mu chochitika cha kusakhulupirika ndi kulimbikitsa, malinga ndi mgwirizano, izo unkayenera kupereka gawo la chuma cha okondedwa a.

Mezopredpriyaty udindo boma

Tidati kuti kampani, chimene chinapanga "mesostructure" amachita ntchito yaikulu boma - kupereka ntchito kwa anthu amene misonkho. Koma udindo umenewu si mesoeconomics. Mwa ntchito zina zofunika - kotunga chuma cha boma cha khalidwe la zinthu lonse chuma ndi ndale. Scale malonda kuphatikiza akhoza Inde, kukhala lalikulu kuposa chuma cha chigawo kapena mzinda. Monga tanena kale, njira yeniyeni pamene mofanana ndi GDP a m'dziko limodzi.

Komabe, mtundu wa mesoeconomics - izo nthawi zambiri kuphatikiza lalikulu m'bwalo lonse. Makamaka ngati tikulankhula za mishoni kampani kunja, mmene pa misika yakunja, mtundu kuzindikira m'mayiko ena. Mesoeconomics angakhale nkhope ya boma m'bwalo lonse. Makamaka ngati zikukhala okha monga kampani dziko, osati lonse.

kasamalidwe kulunjika mesoeconomics

Kodi pa dongosolo ulamuliro wa makampani amene amapanga mesoeconomics? Monga ulamuliro, iwo ndi omwe mtengo azingochita ndi chuma china wa makampani. The peculiarity wa chamoyo mwa makampani amenewa kuti dongosolo kasamalidwe zambiri ndiribe kanthu kochita ndi eni gulu. The Director-General, nthawi zambiri - alipidwa ganyu wantchito wopanda gawo akumeneku kapena kungokhala ing'onoing'ono. Ichi ndi chifukwa nthawizina chakuti kapangidwe mwina pano mesoeconomics makampani woimira kumabungwe osiyanasiyana chuma. imodzi kusamalira onse a mwini awo, nthawi zambiri, chabe sadzakhala ndi nthawi. Ndipo chifukwa mosakayikira kuyitanidwa udindo wa woyang'anira pamwamba ganyu wantchito.

Mesoeconomics ndi magulu zachuma mafakitale

Losavuta (ku mawonedwe a malamulo njira ogwira kuphatikiza) mawonekedwe a gulu la Makampani - onse olowa katundu kampani. Ndi, monga ife tinanena pamwamba, likulu lenileni ntchito kulenga mtengo chinanso, komanso nkhambakamwa chabe, amene padera ndi ndalama. ndi mitundu ina ya gulu mesoeconomics chiyani?

Malinga ndi akatswiri ambiri, yaikulu implementations mesoeconomic kucheza ndi magulu zachuma mafakitale. nyumba Awa ndi magulu makampani zimene zingalimbikitse osati pa Boma munthu wa chuma, komanso pa (ndi zina mayiko) dongosolo dziko zachuma. magulu Financial ndi mafakitale yadaikidwa kuti asonkhanitse makampani osiyanasiyana mu mbali sayansi, mwa mawu a likulu kuphatikiza, chuma kasamalidwe, kuwonjezera msika. Resources Makampani zoterozo mu mbali ya ntchito chikhalidwe ndi zofunika kwambiri komanso. Monga ulamuliro, magulu a zachuma komanso mafakitale kwambiri osati kwa misika boma dziko lonse lonse la boma limodzi, komanso m'bwalo lonse.

Mu gulu zachuma mafakitale ameneŵa makampani woimira kumabungwe osiyanasiyana chuma. Zimakhala mabungwe mafakitale, mabanki, kampani ya inshuwalansi, unyolo ritelo, mabungwe kafukufuku, zina - nyumba boma.

Umwini dongosolo mesoeconomics

Kodi anamanga njira kuti tipeze umwini wa kumalo a ntchito, kupanga mesoeconomics? Childs, izi zikufanana ndi kufalitsa magawo a likhale ndi mfundo. Kuti pali dongosolo kutsogolera zomwe mwini pamtengo yolamulira bulanchi magawo. Zokwanira osowa chodabwitsa imene kampani ndi munthu kapena gulu lomwe si mbali ya de A jure mesoeconomics. Komanso, aliyense kampani zingatithandize kukhalabe okwanira palokha mfundo zachuma (Koma mwa mphamvu imene inafotokozedwa mu mgwirizano zogwirizana).

Mesoeconomics ndi oligarchs

ndi oligarchs ku mawonedwe chiphunzitso Western zachuma ndi ndani? Ndi amalonda omwe eni ake a mabizinezi waukulu kukula kwa ntchito zimene zimathandiza inu kulamulira osati makampani otaya ndalama, komanso likulu banki, ndalama ku misika dziko ndi mayiko katundu. Ndiko kuti, oligarchs - ziri kwenikweni atchulidwa yaikulu ya mesoeconomics dziko.

Iwo akhoza amatengedwa kuti ndi "tingachipeze powerenga" oligarchs kudziwika amalonda Russian omwe katundu wokwanira mabiliyoni ambiri? Akatswiri akukhulupirira kuti kupeza zotheka kwa kachirombo ngati posachedwapa. Monga mmodzi wa muyezo waukulu wa oligarchy wa - kusadalira makampani boma akumeneko akuchita malonda kunja kwa ndondomeko anthu. Yaikulu Russian amalonda, kenako anachititsa likulu, kupalasa njinga gwero ndale, kapena kulanda mwayi kuti watsegula boma zaka wamba.