Kodi Mtsinje Falls ndi ulamuliro wake? The otsetsereka ndi kugwa kwa mitsinje dziko lonse

Igwani Mtsinje ndi mode - ndicho chinsinsi hydrological magawo. Iwo akhoza kudziwa okhutira madzi, chikhalidwe ndi ikuyenda mlingo wa watercourse a. ndi dontho mu mtsinje chiyani? Kodi kuwerengera otsetsereka ake? Kodi Mzimuyo akafuna makamaka kwa mtsinje? Mayankho a mafunso amenewa ali m'nkhani ino.

Hydrology, zimachititsa chilumbachi

Aliyense mtsinje ndi wapadera. Ndi zovuta kupeza mu chikhalidwe, awiri a watercourse, amene adzakhala chimodzimodzi. Amasiyana mzake m'litali, madutsidwe, mipweya ulamuliro wa madzi, ndi zina zotero.

Chikhalidwe ndi liwiro la otaya mtsinje mwachuluka amadalira alili chimene chikuchitika. Mu mapiri munakwanisa kuona ena mitsinje, ndi pa zigwa - zosiyana. Mountain mitsinje madzi awo mwachangu komanso mofulumira. pamiyala awo mtsinje ndi wodzala ndi mathithi, mathithi. Pa mitsinje iyi zambiri zimabwerera zimachitika. Ena mwa iwo ndi zotsatirapo zoopsa.

Zigwa za mtsinje M'malo mwake, bata ndi anayeza. njira zawo bwino ndichotse ndipo zimakhala kuya olimba. The otaya mathamangidwe mu nkhani iyi ndi kochepa.

Igwani Mtsinje ndi kukondera - izi ndi kanjedza, amene angathe kudziwa mitundu njira watercourse. Kuti mudziwe mmene kuwerengera iwo, tikambirana zina.

Igwani Mtsinje ndi otsetsereka - ndichiyani?

madzi onse pa dziko loyenda kuchokera pamwamba mpaka pansi, monga mwa chilamulo cha kukoka konsekonse. Poyambira wa watercourse ndi amatchedwa gwero lake, ndi chomaliza - pakamwa. ndi dontho mu mtsinje chiyani? Chimene ambiri amati otsetsereka ake?

Igwani Mtsinje - pali kusiyana mu msinkhu mamita pakati pa gwero lake ndi pakamwa msinkhu. Otsetsereka ndi chiŵerengero cha zochitika kwa kutalika watercourse lapansi. chizindikiro ichi tingasonyezere chiwerengero, PPM, kapena madigiri m / Km.

Mumbali mitsinje mbalambanda, kawirikawiri sakhala upambana 0.1-0.2 m / Km (10-20 ppm). Mountain mitsinje, chithunzi ichi zikhoza kukhala mu makumi kapena mazana angapo apamwamba. Pa ena akutambasula izo angafikire makumi angapo mamita pa kilometre. ziwembu ofanana ndi mndandanda wa cascades ndi mathithi.

The otsetsereka a watercourse kungakhale kotenga kapena yopingasa, pamene pali misalignment mu njira yopingasa.

Kodi kuwerengera otsetsereka ndi kugwa kwa watercourse chiyani?

Choncho, kodi kugwa kwa mtsinje ndi otsetsereka ake, ife apeza. Mpaka kupeza momwe Chiwerengerochi mopitirira.

Kuwerengetsa dontho ndi otsetsereka a mtsinje ndi lophweka. Muyenera kudziwa mfundo zitatu zokha, utali okwana watercourse, ndi kutalika kwa gwero lake ndi pakamwa. Kumva msinkhu kusiyana (mtheradi) pakati pa mfundo ziwiri zapitazi, timapeza phindu ukugwa. Ngati mtsinje umayenda mu nyanja kapena nyanja, kutalika mtheradi m'kamwa tiyenera kuziganizira chizindikiro cha 0 mamita. The otsetsereka a mtsinje kuchita masamu motere: kusiya kufunika kwa kugawidwa ndi utali wonse wa watercourse lapansi.

Musamachite kutalika kwa mtsinje, "X" ndi 800 Km. gwero lake ndi pa okwera 1450 m, ndi pakamwa - pa kuzungulira 650 mamita Kugwa Mtsinje wapatsidwa :. 1450 mamita - 650 mamita = 800 m. Kuchokera pamenepa, ndizoonekeratu kuti otsetsereka ndi wofanana 800 m / 800 mamita = 1 km / Km (kapena 100 ppm).

boma la mtsinje ndi zinthu kudziwa ake

Mu ulamuliro wa a mtsinje kumvetsetsa zovuta kusintha uliri chifukwa zintchito ndi nyengo ya dera. Kusintha kumeneku kungakhale tsiku kapena nyengo. mtsinje boma kuwawonetsera mu osiyanasiyana Madzi kutentha, mlingo otaya ndi njira.

Mbali zitatu za ulamuliro hydrological a madzi monga otsika madzi, madzi mkulu ndi madzi osefukira. Chigumula - nyengo ya kukula madzi zili mtsinje, ndi pazipita madzi mlingo mu kama wake. Chigumula - lakuthwa ndipo mofulumira kuwonjezeka milingo madzi m'mitsinje, chifukwa cha mvula lolemera. Low madzi - ichi ndi mlingo osachepera madzi mu madzi (gawo ili la boma madzi Chitsanzo pansipa mu chithunzi).

Mbali ulamuliro wa madzi a mtsinje (kupatula madzi osefukira) zonse mobwerezabwereza mu nyengo yomweyo.

mtsinje zimakhudza zinthu zambiri zachilengedwe. Loyamba ndilochokera:

• malo Hrs derali;
• nyengo;
• chikhalidwe cha mphamvu ya mtsinje;
• mtunda ndi zomera;
• kukhalapo kwa nyengo kusintha;
• anthropogenic zinthu.

Kugwa tilili mitsinje yaikulu ya Dziko Lapansi

M'munsimu muli mfundo za otsetsereka ndi kugwa kwa waukulu machitidwe khumi mtsinje wa dziko lathuli:

pomaliza

ndi dontho mu mtsinje chiyani? Ndi kusiyana kutalika pakati gwero ndi pakamwa a watercourse makamaka. Otsetsereka a ku mtsinje ndi chiŵerengero alinkugwa m'litali okwana. Kuyambira magawo awiri awa, n'zotheka kunena kuti chikhalidwe ndi ikuyenda mlingo wa mtsinje makamaka.