Kodi phindu? phindu dongosolo, mapulani ake, Kugawilidwa kwanthaka ndi ntchito zinthu kumsika

Financial mawu a mbali yaikulu ya ndalama, omwe tsopano amalenga mitundu yonse ya chuma, akuimira phindu. phindu dongosolo zikuphatikizapo zotsatira zimatheka likuvutika bizinesi ya kampani ndi phindu lokha mu nkhani iyi amenewa muyeso, amene bwino kwambiri amasonyeza dzuwa la ndondomeko yopanga ndi khalidwe ndi buku la mankhwala chopangidwa, mlingo wa ndalama ndi ntchito zokolola wonse. N'chifukwa chake muyenera kumvetsa chimene icho chiri, mmene zimatheka ndi ntchito molondola.

Ndi chiyani icho?

Chimodzi mwa zizindikiro zofunika kwambiri za mapulani ndi zochita za malonda kampani, ndi phindu. phindu dongosolo zimathandiza kupereka ndalama zosiyanasiyana za ntchito umalimbana pa umoyo ndi zachuma ndi sayansi-luso chitukuko cha kumalo a ntchito, komanso kukula kwa antchito kopeleka malipiro. M'pofunika kudziwa molondola, kuti osati ndi gwero la pa munda kupereka zosowa zosiyanasiyana za kampaniyo, komanso pang'onopang'ono afika zofunika kwambiri mu mapangidwe zotheka zinthu zonse bajeti, komanso ndalama lachifundo ndipo sanali bajeti.

Kodi dongosolo?

phindu dongosolo - njira kupanga malonda ndalama. Pamafunikanso: ndalama, zilankhulo, kupanga masamba aakulu, ankalamulira chopereka kwa phindu, ndi phindu ukonde.

cholinga chachikulu

Zikhalidwe opaleshoni ubale mu msika, aliyense kampani ayenera kuyesetsa nthawi zonse kuwonjezera phindu lawo. phindu kapangidwe ayenera kukhala kuchuluka ngati kuti mukwanitse kampani osati khola kwambiri malo kusunga malonda mankhwala awo pa msika, komanso kukwaniritsa mphamvu chitukuko cha njira yopanga zinthu alipo mpikisano.

Ndi chifukwa chake gulu lirilonse patsogolo ulimi wa chofunika pa Mungasankhe malonjezo ndalama zambiri pokwaniritsa kayendetsedwe. Pa nkhani imeneyi, tikhoza kunena kuti ntchito yofunika kwambiri malonda ndipo mfundo Mapeto ake ndi phindu. phindu dongosolo kumafuna kupoletsa ndalama ngati ntchito yofunika kwambiri mabungwe ntchito iliyonse, ndipo izo ziyenera kuperekedwa pa mtengo kochepa chotsatira austerity pazipita mu ndalama, ndi ntchito yabwino kwambiri.

Ndiwo ndalama ndalama ogwira ntchito ndi chimaposa analandira kuchokera kugulitsa malonda, koma makamaka gawo limene amakhalabe pa deduction chuma kwa kupanga ndi kugulitsa zina katundu.

Nchito ndi chofunikira zachuma

Ambiri, mawonekedwe a phindu la ogwira ntchito ndi kusiyana revenues ndi ndalama.

Pa mlingo ogwira ntchito mu zinthu opaleshoni ubale chofunika ndalama, ndalama ukonde zimatengera mtundu wa phindu, pamene makampani chofunika msika zinthu alimi ngati ndi wakutali wa mankhwala chofunika. Ndimapereka mtengo enieni mankhwala ake, amagulitsa kuti kuthetsa owerenga, pamene akulandira chimaposa mu mawonekedwe a ndalama, koma zilibe phindu.

Kuti phindu dongosolo unapangidwa wa bizinesi komanso kuti akonzedwa bwino chuma chifukwa, zasungidwa ayenera poyerekeza ndi ndalama allocated kupanga ndi malonda, popeza iwo akuimilira okwana mtengo wa makamaka mankhwala. Pokhapokha kuwerengetsera amenewa ikuchitika, kudzakhala kotheka kudziwa profitability cha ntchito yawo. Ngati ndalama ndi buku wamkulu poyerekeza ndi mtengo, pamene chifukwa ndalama limasonyeza kuti ndithu ndinawona dongosolo ena a phindu kampani. Choncho, aliyense akuyesera kuti akwaniritse zimenezi.

Wazamalonda mwa kupenda kapangidwe phindu, kumachita ngati ntchito yaikulu kupeza pazipita kuchuluka kwa ndalama ukondewo, koma kwenikweni Sizotheka kuti ntchito zimenezi zikwaniritsidwe. Ngati ndalama pafupifupi wofanana ndi mtengo wake, limanena kuti mapeto kunapezeka yekha azilipira ndalama yopanga komanso ndalama kwa kukhazikitsa mankhwala amenewa. Pamene kusanthula dongosolo phindu limasonyeza kuti ndalama olumpha chimaposa, ndiye zikusonyeza kuti ntchito wa kampani ndi kutaya ndalama, ndipo akwaniritsa oipa chifukwa chuma, ndipo pamapeto pake zinthu zonsezi akhoza escalate mu bankirapuse zonse.

Phindu pa kugulitsa mankhwala iliyonse kusiyana pakati chimaposa analandira pambuyo kugulitsa katundu aliyense ndi mtengo wa mankhwala, kuphatikizapo misonkho ndalama zofunika kukhazikitsa ndi kupanga. Choncho, tikhoza kunena kuti kusanthula dongosolo ndi mphamvu ya phindu angathe kuchitikira mu yokonza ndalama lalikulu la kampaniyo pambuyo kukhazikitsa mankhwala chopangidwa pa mitengo yomwe inakhazikitsidwa pa maziko a kapezedwe ndi kufunika. Pa ndalama yomweyo lalikulu, mwachitsanzo revenues kwa malonda opanda mtengo wa zinthu zofunika ndi mtundu wa phindu ukonde.

The yosafuna zambiri kupanga bungwe yeniyeni bwino zotsatira zake kusonyeza kusanthula dongosolo ndi mphamvu ya ndalama moyenera, ndi wolimba adzakhala kampani mkhalidwe wachuma. Ndi chifukwa chake ntchito ayenera anaphunzira kugwirizana kwambiri ndi ntchito ndi kugulitsa katundu osiyanasiyana.

Phindu la phindu

Kapangidwe ka phindu zachuma amapereka zambiri zochititsa:

• Chuma tingati amene analandira m'kupita kwa kuchititsa ntchito ya makamaka kampani.
• Timalimbikitsidwa ntchito. Phindu chifukwa cha onse a zachuma ndi chigawo chachikulu cha ndalama za gulu lirilonse. Makonzedwe lenileni la alipo kudziletsa ndalama mfundo kwathunthu kumatsimikizika ndi ndalama movutikira.
• Gwero la mapangidwe ndondomeko ya magulu.

Kuyambira mfundo za maganizo, phindu ndi chizindikiro ambiri a ntchito chuma ogwira ntchito, mosasamala kanthu za mtundu wawo umwini.

mitundu

Today anaganiza kuonetsetsa mitundu iwiri zofunika - zachuma ndi ndalama phindu. Mtengo kusiyana pakati okwana ndalama ndi ndalama kupanga zofunika (apa zikuphatikizapo kunja ndi mkati), pamene mlandu ndi kusiyana analandira pakati pa ndalama n'komwe ndalama osiyanasiyana akunja.

The mlandu mchitidwe wa phindu ndi matabwa ake amapereka angapo zizindikiro zoyenera, monga:

• moyenera phindu;
• phindu kwa kugulitsa zosiyanasiyana ntchito, katundu ndi ntchito;
• phindu pa kuzindikira zina;
• ndalama msonkho;
• Zotsatira za chuma ku ntchito sanali malonda;
• ukonde phindu.

Kufalitsa ndi ntchito

Zikuchokera ndi kapangidwe ka yogawa ndalama amapereka ntchito yake imodzi njira zofunika kwambiri ntchito, monga amalola kuti azitha kusamalira wazamalonda, komanso monga kupanga boma ndalama.

kugawana limagwirira ayenera kupangidwa kuti kupereka akutali kulimbikitsa kuwonjezera dzuwa la ndondomeko kupanga. Monga malo yogawa akutumikira bwino ndalama kumalo a ntchito, mwachitsanzo dongosolo malonda phindu, ndipo motsogoleredwa ndi kugawa ake anafunira mu bajeti, komanso kugwiritsa ntchito nkhani zosiyanasiyana za kampaniyo.

mfundo

The mfundo malinga ndi zimene kufalitsa phindu, akhoza anakonza motere:

• ndalama analandira mwa kampani chifukwa mafakitale zachuma ndi ndalama ntchito, tikhulupirira pakati pa boma, ndipo tsopano monga mudzagwiritse chuma;
• State ndalama imatumizidwa ndondomeko yoyenera monga msonkho komanso zolipira, omwe mlingo sizingasinthidwe amangosankha, ndi kapangidwe ndi msonkho mitengo, komanso ndondomeko mawerengedwe awo mu bajeti ayenera anakhazikitsa lamulo applicable;
• phindu okwana kumalo a ntchito, zimene zatsalira mwini wake pambuyo misonkho akhala analipira, sayenera kuchepetsa wofuna kuonjezera zina voliyumu ya ulimi, komanso kusintha mosalekeza zotsatira za ntchito yosatha ndalama ndi mafakitale ndi chuma;
• pake, zimene zatsalira pa kutaya kumalo a ntchito, akhale kwenikweni maganizo awo pa kudzikundikira, amene adzaonetsetsa chitukuko zina, kenako okha pa mowa.

Komanso, Dziwani mfundo yakuti makampani ndi anagwiritsanso ntchito yogawa phindu ukondewo, mwachitsanzo izo zimene zatsalira pa kutaya kampani pambuyo malipiro zonse za msonkho ndi ndalama zina lamulo. Kale mwa izo kuti kukakamizidwa ziletso operekedwa bajeti, ndi mitundu yonse ya ndalama si bajeti.

malamulo

Ndalama otsala pa kutaya kampani, zikhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito paokha kapena ngati amalandira kuonetsetsa pofuna kukwaniritsa bizinesi. No thupi, kuphatikizapo boma alibe ufulu kanthu ndondomeko ya momwe tililimu kapangidwe ka phindu ukonde ndipo ntchito phindu.

Pamodzi ndi ndalama za ntchito yopanga ndalama, zimene zatsalira pa kutaya gulu lirilonse akhoza kupita kwa wosangalala zofuna aliyense chikhalidwe kapena ogula. Choncho, chifukwa analipira ubwino kamodzi ndi kulimbikitsa anthu ntchito, komanso mabonasi zosiyanasiyana penshoni ya. Mwa zina, kapangidwe ka zizindikiro za phindu anatsala mu kutaya kampani, mankhwala amatipatsanso zosiyanasiyana ndalama zina kuchoka pa nthawi anatchulidwa malamulo, komanso ndalama ufulu kapena wotsikirapo mtengo chakudya ndodo.

Nthawi munthu

Ngati kampani amaswa malamulo applicable, phindu (phindu Kapangidwe ka gulu ndi pazikhalanso ndi item zoterozo zolowa) angagwiritsidwe ntchito kulipira mitundu yonse ya zilango ndi ndalama.

Ngati revenues ndi zobisika kwa akuluakulu msonkho kapena anatumiza kwa iwo sizipanga zopereka zosiyanasiyana ndalama owonjezera bajeti, ndi ogwira amathanso kulipira chilango yoyenera, ndipo ndiwo malipiro awo analandira ndi phindu ukonde.

Kufalitsidwa kwa phindu khoka ndi imodzi mwa mbali yaikulu ya mapulani amapeza. Malinga ndi hayala la ogwira akhoza kukonza Ziwerengero apadera.

Kapangidwe ka phindu okwana zingaphatikizepo kufalitsidwa kwa ndalama chikhalidwe monga ndalama zosiyanasiyana opaleshoni ya zinthu apadera chikhalidwe, amene ali pa muyezo wa kumalo a ntchito, kuchita zinthu chikhalidwe ndi ena ambiri.

Dismemberment

phindu zonse, zimene zatsalira pa kutaya kampani lagawidwa zinthu ziwiri zazikulu. Woyamba limakupatsani kuwonjezera chuma cha kumalo a ntchito, komanso mwachindunji nawo ndondomeko za kudzikundikira. wachiwiri amakhala ndi gawo enieni phindu, amene angagwiritsidwe ntchito mowa.

Mitundu yonse ya kusintha mu dongosolo phindu zomwe zinachititsa kuti kuli ndalama undistributed ntchito kudzikundikira komanso zizindikiro zofanana wa zaka zam'mbuyo, kuti kampaniyo chuma khola ndipo ali gwero chitukuko zina.

Mapangidwe ndi ntchito

kusanthula Economic akuyimira chinthu chofunika kwambiri pa ntchito, yomwe ikuchitika pamaso chuma mapulani ndi kulosera kampani, komanso ntchito zawo mogwira mtima. Kapangidwe ka phindu (imfa) amaphunzira mu ochepa masitepe:

• Pindulani kusanthula ikuchitika pa zikuchokera pa nthawi.
• Iwo akupereka ndondomeko ya chinthu kusanthula ndalama kuchokera zogulitsa.
• Mosamala zimayambitsa zolakwika aliyense zigawo zikuluzikulu monga: ena ndalama opaleshoni, chidwi sonyezani ndi olandila, ndalama si opaleshoni ndalama.
• Timaphunzira mapangidwe phindu ukonde.
• Izo amaweruza phindu mmene bwino kugawa.
• Amayesa ntchito ya phindu.
• Iwo anagwira chitukuko cha maganizo za dongosolo la zachuma.

Chifukwa chakuti kapangidwe ndi kusanthula mwatsatanetsatane mapangidwe phindu, tsopano ikuchitika kukhala njira kwambiri mulingo woyenera kwambiri khalidwe, kutsatira zomwe zingathandize kampani kuchepetsa zomvetsa ndi mavuto azachuma amene mulipo pamene pakuika chuma chilichonse mu malonda awo. N'chifukwa chake ndondomeko zimenezi ndi zofunika kwambiri.