Hypocalcemia: zizindikiro, zimayambitsa, mankhwala

Mankhwala a hypocalcemia ndi matenda omwe amadziwika kuti ndi otsika kwambiri. Kafukufuku wamatenda nthawi zambiri amatsagana ndi kuphwanya kwa electrophysiological processes. Zitha kuchitika mu mawonekedwe ovuta kapena osatha.

Hypocalcemia. Ndi chiyani?

Mankhwala a hypocalcemia ndi chiwerengero cha calcium m'magazi ali pansi pa 2.2 mmol / l. Thupi limeneli m'thupi limapezeka makamaka m'mafupa (pafupifupi 99%) ndi plasma (pafupifupi 1%). Chifukwa choperewera ndi kashiamu mu plasma, imayamba kuchotsa mafupa. Choncho, kufunika koyenera kumasungidwa.

Ndikofunika kwambiri kuti panthawi yake mudziwe chomwe chimayambitsa matendawa ndikuyamba kuchiza. Apo ayi, kusowa kashiamu kumakhudza kwambiri ntchito ya thupi lonse, paumunthu waumunthu. Matendawa amafunikira chidwi kwambiri kwa odwala achinyamata.

Hypocalcemia: zimayambitsa

• Hypoparathyroidism. Pankhani ya ischemia yaitali ya glands ya parathyroid kapena hypoplasia yawo yeniyeni, kuchepa kwakukulu mu hormone ya parathyroid imapezeka m'magazi, zomwe ndizofunika kuti mukhale ndi mavitamini omwe amatha kukhala ndi thupi. Chotsatira chake, chinthu ichi chimasokonezedwa ndi impso ndi zowonjezera zowonjezera.
• Matenda a m'matumbo, momwe calcium yakuyamwa ndi mucosa ya m'mimba mwachinyama imakhala yovuta.
• Acholia ndiko kutha kwa bile kuthamangira m'mimba mwachinyamatayo, chomwe chimafunika kuti chimbudzi chisawonongeke.
• Hypovitaminosis D kapena kukana kuchita kwake.
• Matenda owopsa kwambiri ndi chifukwa china.
• Calcium m'magazi sangakhale okwanira chifukwa cha kugonjetsedwa kwa ziphuphu. Kutupa kumalimbikitsa kuchepa pang'ono kwa mchere wa mankhwalawa mu mafuta a necrosis.
• Metastasis wa zotupa zazikulu.
• Kuloledwa kwa magulu ena a mankhwala (diuretics, anticonvulsants, antibiotics).
• Kwa ana, matenda amayamba chifukwa chodyetsa mkaka wa ng'ombe kapena mchere wokhala ndi phosphorous.

Chithunzi chachipatala

Kalsiamu ya m'munsi mwazi kwa nthawi yaitali silingasonyeze zizindikiro. Patapita nthawi, matenda amachititsa kusokonezeka mu ntchito za ubongo ndipo zimayambitsa zizindikiro za ubongo: kukhumudwa, kutaya mtima, kukumbukira, kusokonezeka. Ngati mungathe kuonetsetsa kuti chikhalidwechi chikukhazikitsidwa mwamsanga, zizindikirozi ndizosinthika.

Kalisiamu yochuluka kwambiri m'magazi ingayambitse kupweteka kwa minofu, kumangirira milomo ndi lilime. Pazoopsa kwambiri, odwala amadwala, minofu ya misomali, tetany.

Nanga bwanji hypocalcemia ikuwonetseredwa? Zizindikiro zikhoza kukhala motere:

1. Matenda a Hemorrhagic / hypocoagulation. Matendawa amaphatikizidwa ndi chifuwa chachikulu cha magazi chifukwa cha matenda osokoneza bongo. Kuperewera kwa kashiamu kumapangitsa kuti pakhale makoma a mitsempha.
2. Kusintha kwa dothi kumatenda. Amawoneka ngati mawonekedwe owonjezeka a misomali ndi tsitsi, zofooka zosiyanasiyana za mano, chitukuko cha nthata.
3. Chiwawa cha mtima.

Mitundu yayikulu ya matenda

Pali mitundu iwiri ya matendawa: hypocalcemia osapitirira. Zizindikiro zakumapetozi zimakhala ndi maonekedwe a matenda aakulu a cytolysis. Pankhaniyi, calcium ionized imachotsedwa mwamsanga mwazi. Matendawa amayenda mofulumira, ngati cytolysis ikuphatikizidwa ndi impso kulephera.

Palinso mtundu wina wa matendawa. Mankhwala a hypocalcemia amachitika:

1. Zimagwira ntchito (izo zimapangika chifukwa cha kusokonezeka kwa kayendetsedwe ka ziwalo za mkati).
2. Kuledzera (komwe kunapangidwa ndi magulu ena a mankhwala, zotsatira za poizoni).
3. Kuphwanyidwa kwa kayendedwe ka calcium-phosphorous-magnesium.

Mbali za hypocalcemia kwa ana

Matendawa amatha kupezeka mu ana a msinkhu uliwonse. Kuperewera kwa calcium ndi phosphorous pa zakudya, vitamini D ndi chifukwa chodziwika bwino chomwe chikufotokozera maonekedwe a matenda ngati hypocemia. Zizindikiro za matendawa zimatchulidwa kwambiri pokhapokha ngati mwana wakula ndi thupi komanso maganizo. Amadziwika ndi zotsatirazi:

• Matenda a tetiny, omwe amadziwonetsera ngati osayenda bwino.
• Mphuno ya minofu ya ng'ombe.
• Kutsegula m'mimba.
• Kuwonjezeka kwapachilendo.
• Laryngospasm.

Mankhwala a hypocalcemia ndi matenda aakulu omwe amafunika kuchipatala mwamsanga. Kusamalira thanzi la mwana kungachititse kuti pakhale zovuta zambiri zosayembekezereka.

Hypocalcemia pambuyo pa kubala

Pambuyo pa kubadwa kwa mwana, matendawa mwa amayi amapezeka kuti ndi ochepa kwambiri. Amapanga mawonekedwe ovuta ndipo amatsagana ndi ziwalo za pharynx, tongue, ndi m'mimba. Pa milandu yovuta kwambiri, mkazi amagwera mu coma. Postpartum hypocalcemia, zomwe zimayambitsa zomwe sizinaphunzire mpaka mapeto, zimatanthawuza ku matenda a chikhalidwe chokhazikika.

Zosokoneza

Kawirikawiri, matendawa amaphunzira mwangozi panthawi yofufuza. Kalisium ya m'magazi imapezeka pambuyo poyesedwa magazi. Ndicho chifukwa chake matendawa amapezeka koyamba, ndipo zizindikilo zizindikiro zimawonetsedwa mtsogolo. Pofuna kudziwa chomwe chinayambitsa chitukukochi, dokotala angaperekenso zizindikiro zingapo (matenda a biochemical blood test, MRI ya ziwalo zamkati, mafilimu a mafupa, electrocardiography).

Kodi ndi chithandizo chotani chomwe chikufunika?

Ndili ndi matendawa, ndizofunika kwambiri osati kudzaza kasowa kokha, komanso kuthetsa zomwe zingayambitse.

Pomwe matenda a hypoparathyroidism, odwala amapatsidwa mankhwala othandizira kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Pankhaniyi, ndikofunikira kuthetsa matenda omwe akuwopsa kwambiri mwamsanga ndi kuteteza hypercalcemia (chikhalidwe chomwe calcium yapamwamba mumagazi imatchulidwa). Ngati wodwalayo alibe vuto lakumwa mankhwala osokoneza bongo m'matumbo aang'ono, chithandizo choterechi chingapangitse zotsatira zabwino, kuphatikizapo matenda aakulu.

Pamene zigawenga za tetany zimaperekedwa mwachangu njira zothetsera calcium chloride. Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti mankhwala otero amachititsa kuti mitsempha ikhale yovuta. Choncho, ndi bwino kupanga jekeseni kudzera mu catheter pakati kapena mu mitsempha yaikulu.

Pofuna kuchiza matendawa panthawi yosalekeza, odwala amapatsidwa vitamini D (mwachitsanzo, "Calcitriol", "Ergocalciferol"), komanso mapangidwe a calcium mu mawonekedwe a piritsi. Mlingo wa mankhwala umasankhidwa payekha, malinga ndi zizindikiro za matenda omwe amatchedwa "hypocalcemia."

Chithandizo chikuphatikizanso kumamatira ku zakudya zapadera. Zakudyazi ziyenera kupindula ndi zakudya zamtundu wa magnesium ndi vitamini D (mkaka, zipatso zouma, masamba, mbewu zambewu zosiyanasiyana). Kwa nthawi yonse ya mankhwala tikulimbikitsidwa kusiya zakudya zopitirira mafuta, kusuta fodya, katundu wophika ndi pickles. Chakudyacho chiyenera kukhala chochepa. Izi zikutanthauza kuti mukhoza kudya nthawi zambiri, koma m'magawo ang'onoang'ono. Zakudyazi zimakhudza kwambiri chigawo cha m'mimba, zimathandiza kwambiri kuti kagwiritsidwe ntchito kake kagwiritsidwe ntchito kake kagwiritsidwe ntchito kake.

Zingakhale zovuta

Kalisiamu yochepetsedwa kapena yokwera m'magazi mofanana imakhudza ntchito ya thupi lonse. Ngati zizindikiro za hypocalcemia zikuwoneka, muyenera nthawi yomweyo kufunafuna chithandizo kwa dokotala ndikupatsanso chithandizo chovomerezeka. Apo ayi, kuthekera kovuta kukhala ndi matenda aakulu kwambiri kumawonjezeka. Izi zimaphatikizapo nthendayi, neuritis, edema wa mitsempha ya optic. Kuonjezerapo, pamakhala zochitika za mtima wosalimba ndi matenda aakulu a mafupa.

Njira zothandizira

Kodi mungapewe bwanji matenda ngati hypocemia? Zizindikiro za matendawa zimakhudza kwambiri moyo umene odwala ambiri amafunsa funsoli mosaganizira.

Choyamba, akatswiri amakulimbikitsani kuti mupitirize kudyetsa chakudya chanu cha tsiku ndi tsiku. Ndi bwino kuchotsa zinthu zonse zovulaza, kuwonjezera chakudya chokwanira komanso choyenera. Monga mankhwala okhudzidwa ndi chitukuko cha matendawa, madokotala akulangizidwa kuti azitsatira mfundo zoyenera kudya: kuphika steamed kapena kuphika mu uvuni, idyani nthawi zambiri komanso pang'onopang'ono. Ndikofunika kwambiri kuti mutenge zakudya zambiri ndi zakudya zamtundu wa magnesium ndi vitamini D.

Zimalimbikitsa kuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Ngati pali vuto ndi matumbo peristalsis, funsani katswiri. Adzathandiza kumvetsa osati chifukwa chokhalira kudzimbidwa, komanso amasankha mankhwala othandiza kwambiri.

Nanga matendawa angapewe bwanji? Zomwe zimayambitsa matendawa zimakhala zobisika chifukwa chosagwiritsidwa ntchito bwino kwa m'mimba. Komabe, chithandizo cha panthaŵi yake a impso ndi matenda a m'mimba chimathandiza kupewa mavuto osowa kashiamu m'magazi.

Tikuyembekeza kuti zonse zomwe zafotokozedwa m'nkhani ino zokhudzana ndi matenda ambiri masiku ano zidzakhala zothandiza kwa inu. Khalani wathanzi!