Thorax

The nthiti ndi mbali ya zida kunja kupuma. Iwo amachita limanena, mota, ntchito zoteteza.

Thorax. kapangidwe

Kudera limeneli ukufanizidwa ndi kapangidwe ndi osteochondral mafupa. Pali lymph ndi magazi zotengera, chigoba minofu zokhudzana ndi zina zofewa zimakhala, mitsempha ulusi.

Osteochondral mafupa tichipeza khumi thoracic vertebrae, khumi ndi nthiti awiriawiri ndi sternum. Iwo zolumukizidwa ndi mnzake mu mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya kugwirizana.

Mu M'mimbamo dongosolo ndiwo ziwalo: mapapo, kapepala kakuti m'munsi kupuma, kum'mero, mtima, ndi zina.

thorax limeneli mu mawonekedwe a asamadye mbewa zakufa amene pamwamba kudulidwa. Amaonekera ndi makoma anai. Front anapanga costal chichereŵechereŵe ndi sternum, kumbuyo - malekezero kumbuyo kwa nthiti ndi thoracic vertebrae. Mbali (lateral) makoma anapanga ndi nthiti, amene anagawa malo intercostal (intercostal danga).

The nthiti ali ndi kabowo chapamwamba (dzenje) njanjira ndi woyamba linkawonongeka thoracic, mapeto chapamwamba chogwirira cha sternum ndi mphako jugular ili ndi malekezero lamkati la nthiti choyamba. Dzenje ndi linapendekeka anteriorly. M'mphepete kutsogolo kwa kabowo ndi adatchithisira downwards motsogozedwa makonzedwe a nthiti. Motero, jugular mphako breastbone lagona pakati pa wachiwiri ndi wachitatu thoracic vertebrae pa mlingo wa chimbale intervertebral.

Kudutsa kutsegula kumtunda kwa mitsempha, kum'mero, misempha, trachea.

M'munsi kutsegula okha kwa thupi la akhumi thoracic linkawonongeka kumbuyo sternum xiphoid ndondomeko kutsogolo ndi nthiti za m'munsi m'mbali. kukula kwake kwambiri kuposa kukula kwa kabowo chapamwamba.

A pawiri wa chiwiri kwa chakhumi mitundu awiri nthiti anterolateral m'mphepete (costal Chipilala). Lamanzere ndi lamanja costal Chipilala laterally kuchepetsa ngodya infrasternal kutsegula downwardly. Pa nthawi ina, yomwe pa mlingo wa chinayi thoracic linkawonongeka, ndi ndondomeko xiphoid.

The zakulera ndi dzenje kwa ndime ya kholingo, ndi msempha, mitsempha m'munsi, atseka kabowo pansi.

Kuchokera vertebrae thoracic mbali zonse imakonzedwa sulcus m'mapapo mwanga. Ali pafupi ndi chifuwa khoma kumbuyo mbali ya m'mapapo.

Kusintha costal Chipilala kupereka elasticity ndi mkulu mphamvu ya dongosolo lonse.

The nthiti mwina ndi mawonekedwe osiyana ndi kukula.

Movement wa dongosolo lonse chifukwa cha inhalation ndi mpweya njira (kupuma kayendedwe). Chifukwa malekezero kutsogolo kwa nthiti olumikizidwa kwa breastbone, ndi mpweya limodzi ndi gulu la sternum ndi nthiti. zochotsa awo amatsogolera ndi kuwonjezeka mu zapambuyo-zapambuyo (sagittal) ndi miyeso yopingasa maselo, ndi intercostal danga kuwonjezeka (mipata intercostal). Mfundo zonsezi kufotokoza kuwonjezeka mu buku la M'mimbamo lapansi.

Mpweya limodzi ndi kuchotsa sternum ndi malekezero a nthiti, kuchepa kwambiri mu kukula anteroposterior, kuchepetsa malo intercostal. Zonsezi zimathandiza munthu kuchepa buku la M'mimbamo lapansi.

chifuwa chilema

zodabwitsazi ndi wofala ana. Awiri amaonedwa ambiri mtundu wa kupsyinjika: a nyuzi ndi nkhuku m'mawere.

Mbali yoyamba, chikhalidwe chifukwa cha nthenda kuleka sternum mkati. Chicken mabere - ndi pamene oumbidwa pachifuwa. Tikumbukenso kuti mtundu uwu wa kupsyinjika ndi wapezeka kuchita zambiri.

Anomalies mu dongosolo, ndithudi, zimakhudza thanzi la mwanayo. Pamene kum'mamatira chifuwa zambiri kukhala ndiko kumayambitsa (a aakulu m'mapapo matenda yodziwika ndi kuphwanya kupuma).

Monga mmene kuchita, nthawi zambiri, opaleshoni m'pofunika pamene mtundu wa mapindikidwe.