Mwachidule za thupi: kapangidwe dongosolo ndi ntchito. Kodi munthu

Thupi la munthu - chachinsinsi, zovuta limagwirira, okhoza osati YAKUCHITA thupi, komanso kumva, kuganiza. Mwachidule za thupi la munthu limasonyeza kuti mwa biliyoni asanu padzikoli pali ofanana mwamtheradi mu maonekedwe a anthu, koma dongosolo la thupi ndi 99% mu chomwecho. Nature wakonza kuti pamene momveka bwino yolongosoka ntchito ziwalo zonse za njira moyo kuonetsetsa moyo wautali cha thupi lathu.

Mwachidule za thupi

Thupi la munthu - chamoyo chimodzi, likadakhala zochita za ziwalo zonse ndi machitidwe ndi zogwirizana kwambiri. Unit lakuti selo. Pa nthawi imene iwo akule thupi la munthu lili ndi avareji ya maselo mabiliyoni atatu. Onse a iwo anapanga matupi, ophatikizidwa mu dongosolo, omwe amagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri mu moyo. Systems a thupi:

• Zamtima dongosolo. Pamafunikanso capillaries, mitsempha, mitsempha, mtima. Ntchito yaikulu ya dongosolo ndi ikukoka magazi, choikambira ziwalo zonse. Chakumbali ya mtima - "mpope" thupi lonse, gawo lamanja la minofu mtima akukamba magazi m'mapapo kuti akatidzadza ndi oxygen. The mtima ali zigawo zitatu (myocardium, epicardium, endocardium). Aliyense ali ndi osalimba osiyana ndi magwiridwe.
• dongosolo m'mimba kumakwanitsa chosowa chakudya ndi amasintha zakudya mu mphamvu. Wopangidwa mwa mundawo m'mimba: m'kamwa zibowo zam'mano, kum'mero, m'mimba, intestine yaing'ono, m'matumbo, rectum ikutha.
• Khungu. ntchito yaikulu ya thupi nthawi zonse chikugwirizana ndi mavuto osiyanasiyana. Khungu amateteza thupi ku chilengedwe, irritants kunja. dongosolo khungu tichipeza khungu (kuphatikizapo zopangitsa sebaceous ndi thukuta), tsitsi, misomali ndipo mikromyshts akugwira tsitsi.
• Dongosolo lymphatic. Ntchito yaikulu ya - m'zigawo ndi zoyendera wa lymph mwa thupi.
• Minofu ndi mafupa dongosolo. Amakhala ndi mafupa a anthu, limene mafupawo limagwirizana ndi mfundo mzake imayendetsedwa ndi minofu Ufumuyo mafupa ndi tendons. Kuphunzira thupi kawirikawiri imayamba ndi kuunikidwa dongosolo mafupa. Nthawi zambiri, mafupa tichipeza mafupa 206.
• Mantha dongosolo. Mantha dongosolo amanyamula thupi udindo zambiri pa thupi ndi chilengedwe. Ogaŵikana zotumphukira ndi pakati.
• Zoberekera. kachitidwe zovuta za thupi, ndi chosiyana kwa mwamuna wamkazi. Udindo ntchito kugonana ndi wamkulu kubereka ana anthu.

Kodi munthu: malo a matupi. mutu

Lililonse thupi wapadera, yomwe ili mu malo ena ndipo amachita ntchito yake. Kupanga mwachidule za thupi la munthu, ndikofunika kudziwa kumene ali. Izi zingathandize kupewa kuvulala uliwonse, ndi kudziwa zimene katswiri kuthana ndi matenda makamaka.

Brain, mwina, ndi kukhala gawo kwambiri zamatsenga ndi sanaidziŵe za thupi. ziwalo zonse za thupi nkhani ku likulu. Ndi ubongo Chigaza, ndi kutetezedwa ndi mafupa a Chigaza lapansi. Ku ubongo mu misempha thupi kuwanditsa, amene alandira chizindikiro zimachitika kwa munthu kapena kanthu wina. Chifukwa cha magulu a ubongo timaona, kumva, kukhudza, kusuntha, makamaka moyo ndi kupeza mkhalidwe wathu.

thorax

Aliyense ayenera kudziwa mmene anthu, malo kumene zili ndi ziwalo zina. Taganizirani pachifuwa. Pa mbali yakutsogolo kwa khosi, pansipa apulo Adamu, ndi ang'ono chithokomiro England, akhoza kutchedwa "batire" cha thupi lathu. Ndi udindo ulimi wa mahomoni zazikulu zimene amapereka lonse bwino mgwirizano ntchito ziwalo zathu. Ndi zaka, mabele yomweyo ndipo akhoza kupita pansi ngakhale mwa M'mimbamo thoracic.

Chifuwa M'mimbamo ku zakulera m'mimba alekanitsa thupi akulu. Mtima kumanzere, ili pakati pa chabwino ndi mapapo kumanzere, kumbuyo breastbone lapansi. Kuwala zatenga mbali yaikulu ya m'dera pachifuwa. Kuyambira mtima m'mbali, ndi mzikiti mawonekedwe, kumbuyo pabwino kwa msana. kuwala m'munsi zina pa minofu zakulera. Kutetezedwa ndi nthiti.

zonse m'mimba

The mosungiramo chachikulu kutenga, kasungidwe chakudya m'mimba. Malowa ali pamtunda pansipa chifundamtima, chakumbali ya peritoneum lapansi. Kumbuyo, monga pansipa m'mimba ndi kapamba. Amaswa pansi mafuta, chakudya, mapuloteni ndi kubala glucagon ndi insulin - ndi mahomoni zofunika kwambiri.

Kumanja, pansipa chifundamtima, chiwindi ili. Mgwirizano ntchito za thupi zimadalira thupi. Chiwindi - fyuluta chathu chachikulu. Mu gawo pansi chiwindi, mu recess ili ndulu, omwe amagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri mu processing chakudya. Chakumbali ya hypochondria ndi ndulu, chimateteza thupi lathu kumatenda osiyanasiyana komanso kutaya magazi.

matumbo

M'munsi m'mimba peritoneum chinapangidwira kulamulidwa ndi intestine ang'ono kupereka yaitali chubu zosamvetsetseka. Chiyambi cha m'mimba (cecum) - kumanja. Ndiye m'matumbo peritoneum umayenda pamwamba anagwa kumanzere. Cecum amatchula kumapeto. M'matumbo akudutsa mu mzere wolunjika, chimatha chotulukira - kubwereketsa, amene anachotsa faecal misa.

ziwalo genitourinary

Poganizira dongosolo la thupi, inu mukuzindikira kuti aliyense wa iwo mu njira yake ndi zofunika komanso zofunikira. Impso ndi wophatikizidwa ziwalo dongosolo urogenital. The impso kumanzere lili pang'ono apamwamba chifukwa kuchuluka kukula chiwindi ataiika. Pamwamba pa chilichonse impso ndi zopangitsa adrenal. ntchito yawo ndi waukulu, iwo anamasulidwa mahomoni oposa makumi atatu mwachindunji mu m'magazi. M'munsi mu mafupa a chiuno, ndi chikhodzodzo mkodzo ili. Amuna kumbuyo iye - vesicles umuna, matumbo. Akazi - nyini, pansi - minofu ya pansi m'chiuno. Awiri zopangitsa kakang'ono - mazira kugona mu M'mimbamo m'chiuno, pa zomenyanazo wa chiberekero, ndi Mitsemphayi Ufumuyo. Mu anthu, testes (machende) zili scrotum, amene anachokera kunja. M'munsimu chikhodzodzo - prostate.

selo

Chimafotokoza wa thupi, mu malo oyamba tiika khola. Ndi laling'ono structural ndi zinchito unit. Thupi la munthu - mitundu oposa mazana awiri maselo, aliyense amene ali dongosolo yake zinchito dongosolo. Ngati tikambirana kapangidwe ambiri dongosolo, ndi chimodzimodzi. Chipolopolo, ndi cytoplasm ndi phata - ndi Gawo la selo lililonse. The casing ndipamene glycocalyx ndi plasmalemma. Mu cytoplasm ndi organelles amasiyana hyaloplasm.

Mpanda selo imapereka cholandilira ntchito, kusankha permeability, kulanda chizindikiro magetsi ndi mankhwala, alekanitsa chinthu intercellular wa protoplasm lapansi.

The katundu yaikulu ya maselo ntchito zosoweka irritability, ndi kupukusa chakudya, kubereka, ukalamba, imfa.

Kagayidwe amapezeka mosalekeza. Selo nthawi zonse zikuphatikizapo zinthu zosiyanasiyana nawo mphamvu ndi pulasitiki kagayidwe ndi zigawo anachokera ntchito, mphamvu matenthedwe adzamasulidwa.

Selo angathe kulabadira zimene zikuchitika zosiyanasiyana mkati ndi kunja. Yankhani Fomu - excitability, amagwirizanitsidwa ndi mlandu khungu nembanemba.

Mukachipinda ali moyo yake mkombero. Tsiku lililonse, thupi za 1-2% ya maselo amafa chifukwa cha ukalamba ndi kukhazikitsa latsopano, ndondomeko ndi mosalekeza.

nsalu

Nsalu ndi mndandanda wa maselo, intercellular zinthu chimodzi dongosolo, ntchito, chiyambi. Anthu, pali mitundu inayi ya zimakhala:

• Zaminyewa minofu. Kuchokera pa chiyambi ectodermal, mofulumira limatha kudzichiritsa, ali osachepera mankhwala intercellular, ziwiya magazi, lili chapansi Kakhungu. Pali mitundu ingapo ya epithelium: wosakwatiwa - mosabisa, cylindrical, kiyubiki, ciliated epithelium, Mipikisano - stratum, neorogovevayuschy, glandular epithelium.
• Connective minofu. Imachokera mesoderm lapansi. Cell mawonekedwe ndi osiyanasiyana, anayamba intercellular mankhwala. Kusiyanitsa CHIKWANGWANI - minofu lotayirira, minofu wandiweyani, chichereŵechereŵe, fupa, mafuta, lymph, magazi. Hematopoietic minofu komanso a kugwirizana.
• Minofu minofu. Iwo ali katundu kuchepa ndi okondwa. Osiyana chigoba striated, mtima striated, yosalala.
• Mantha minofu. The katundu chofunika kwambiri - excitability ndi madutsidwe. Minofu ya chiyambi ectodermal, kudzera mwa glia ndi manyuroni.

System, ntchito chiwalo

Choncho, ife kufufuza kapangidwe ndi ntchito ya thupi. Ife zambiri zotsatira ndi kupereka ntchito zonse za machitidwe munthu mu mawonekedwe a tebulo.

Monga mukuonera, thupi - ndi kwathunthu zazikulu dongosolo, ndi matabwa ake makamaka.