Fedor Ivanovich Tyutchev: yonena, kufotokoza mwachidule zilandiridwenso

Fodor Ivanovich Tyutchev, ndakatulo, yonena ndi njira kulenga tikambirana pansipa, - munthu chidwi kwambiri. M'pake kuti anali mmodzi wa zapamwamba bwino Russian, lomwe ndi osachepera malo a ulemu. Ndi wotchuka osati monga ndakatulo komanso monga nthumwi mu utumiki wa Russia, komanso (ngakhale Pamlingo wamng'ono) monga publicist ndi membala lolingana wa St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences. Ngati ambiri anthu kulenga, ubale wake ndi akazi anasokonezeka, tikhoza kunena, kulenga ndi si woyenera mu makhalidwe Afilisiti. Tinali njira ya moyo a ndakatulo iyi ndi zolakwa ndi mphindi zomvetsa chisoni.

Fi Tiutchev, mbiri. A mwachidule mbiri ya zaka zoyambilira

Fedor Tiutchev adaona kuwala mu banja malo Ovstug Bryansk County chachisanu mu December 1803. Tikhoza kunena kuti iye anali prodigy mwana. Iye ankadziwa Latin, ankakonda ndakatulo Roma ndi zaka 13 kumasulira ndakatulo ya Horace. Fortini zaka wasanduka Auditor wapakamwa dipatimenti ya University Moscow, ndi pa 16 membala wa Student Society of Okonda mabuku Russian. Titamaliza mu 1821, Tiutchev afika malo oipa - kapitawo ntchito (ngakhale odzichitira pawokha) mu Bavaria, pa Russian zamtendere ntchito.

Mu Munich Tjutchev (mwachidule mbiri kachilombo mfundo) limakumana Heine ndi Schelling, komanso Novalis. Last kenako woperekedwa kwa wolemba ndakatulo wa chikoka chachikulu. Mu 1826, mnyamata Russian nthumwi kukwatira wotchuka Eleanor Peterson. Ku ukwati anabadwa ana atatu. Mu 1937, banja amavutika zombo linasweka mu nyanja ya Baltic. Kupulumutsa mkazi ndi ana ake anatembenuka Tyutchev amathandiza zonyamula chombo cha yemweyo Ivan Turgenev. Koma tsoka ali oopsa zimakhudza umoyo Peterson, ndipo iye anamwalira mu 1838.

muses atatu

Ngakhale mboni ndi kunena kuti kumanda a mkazi wake Tiutchev anatembenuka imvi usiku, chaka chamawa amalowa m'banja latsopano - ndi posachedwapa amasiye Baroness Pfeffel Ernestine-Dornberg. Pali umboni kuti iye anali kulemberana naye pa moyo wa Eleanor. Kuwonjezera madona awiri awa, ambiri m'nyimbo ndakatulo, wolemba ndakatulo odzipereka wina E. A. Denisevoy. Ndi mmodzi uti wa akazi awa atatu ankakonda kwambiri Tiutchev, yonena - mwachidule mbiri ya moyo wake - kanthu za izo.

Bwererani ku Russia

Pa malangizo a Russian ya unduna okhonda mpaka 1844 Tiutchev ndi zimayesetsa ntchito kulimbikitsa chithunzi yogwira Russia mu West. Iye analemba woyamba ntchito yake journalistic: "Kalata Bambo Dr. Kolb", "Taonani mfumu, 'Russia ndi kuukira boma" ndi ena. Mu Russia, izo anatenga malo a m'Chibama kwa akuluakulu mkulu pa Unduna Woona za okhonda. Mu 1858 iye anaimirira kuti udindo wa State milandu. Kukhala okhwima m'Chibama kwa akuluakulu ndi nkhoswe odzipereka kwa imperstva Russian, Tiutchev (mwachidule mbiri ya ndakatulo ladzala ndi ovuta kuwamvetsa) akadali m'gulu bwalo la Belinsky ndi lofalitsidwa mu "Contemporary" magazini. Mu December 1872 atamva milandu ndinamverera kuwonongeka lakuthwa thanzi. Iye anatsatira ndi mutu, anataya tilinazo dzanja lamanzere, wofooka maso. January 1, 1873 iye sitiroko, theka ziwalo ndakatulo. Pa July 15 chaka chomwecho Tiutchev anafa, ndipo izo zinachitika mu Tsarskoye Selo. Classic anaikidwa mu manda Novodevichy.

Tiutchev wolemba ndakatulo: yonena ndi ntchito

Akatswiri ntchito ndi kalembedwe Tiutchev mukuganiza kuti njira zake mlengi akhoza kugawidwa m'mbali zitatu. ndakatulo Kukhala (mpaka 1820) ndi chachikale chinkawavuta mu kalembedwe. The nthawi yachiwiri (1820-40 TH zaka.) - ndi odic ndakatulo, pamene mbali zapiringizana wa romanticism European. Patapita 10 wazaka kusokoneza mu kulemba ndime yachitatu akuyamba okhwima nthawi (1850-70). Analenga "Denisevsky mkombero" chikondi ndakatulo, olembedwa ntchito ndale.