Kodi mtanda nyimbo? Cross, nthunzi, la- nyimbo

Kulemba ndakatulo unyamata wake kuyesera ambiri. Ena kupitiriza "zowawa" ichi bwino mpaka akakula, poganiza yekha wa m'nthawi ya Pushkin - ndi luso ndi consummate ndakatulo. Koma, mwatsoka, si nthawi zonse chinachake lochokera kwa cholembera cha yokha angatchedwe ndakatulo woona. Ngakhale ngati tilibe kuganizira zili malemba, chinyezimiro cha zithunzi ndakatulo, nthawi zambiri mbali luso la mankhwala ndi osauka.

njira versification

zinthu zofunika prosody luso ndi kukula (mlingo) ndi nyimbo. Ngakhale kuti lero panali gulu la subcultures, kumene mizere kwathunthu kusiya ngakhale iwo akulephera kunyalanyaza rhymes anayeza mayendedwe ndi kayimbidwe kotani pamene versification. Chitsanzo cha lero ndi yapamwamba achinyamata kayendedwe otchedwa rap: achinyamata kufunafuna njira zawo za mawu a dziko lamkati. Ndipo amene kukhala mumaganiza latsopano mu luso la ndakatulo, ndipo amene ali kuonera tingachipeze powerenga malangizo ndakatulo lero ndi kofunika kudziwa zimene ali rhymes chinenero cha Chirasha.

mtanda nyimbo

Ambiri ndakatulo kwalembedwa mu njira yakuti iwo amafananirako awiriawiri, mawu oyamba ndi wachitatu, komanso wachiwiri ndi wachinayi. Ngati parsing Vesi arcs kulumikiza mawu, rhymes, kenako anakantha ndi mfundo zotsatirazi: Arc intersect, ngati kupanga mtanda. N'chifukwa chake chodabwitsa amatchedwa "mtanda nyimbo." Vesi yakuti "M'mbuyo pa m'mphepete mwa nyanja" kuthandiza chitsanzo kuganizira njira versification.

M'mbuyo pa m'mphepete mwa nyanja

Ine sindiri - izo gulls kulira,

Ndipo ife kukatsanzikana anachoka mu chilimwe,

Osati dzina langa unkapereka kuwala ...

Nyanja sear iwo mayankho

Pa funso lakuti: "Kodi inu kukhala ndi moyo?

Kodi anathandiza chinachake wosakhazikika?

Kodi si kuona mabodza onse ndi chinyengo?

Kumvetsa mtima chosaneneka

Matabwa ululu, mkwiyo ndi chikaiko?

Momwe angathetsere kupewa

Ndipo masauzande zosankha

Wokhulupirika, kuti mupeze yankho lenileni? "

Koma, ndatopa kulira chete

Seagulls. Nyanja chinayamba tulo.

Ndipo mayankho monga singano udzu,

Kupeza, chifukwa si chifundo cha Mulungu.

Amuna, akazi, ndi giperdaktilicheskaya dactylic nyimbo: onse mudziwe

Apa, aliyense quatrain (ndime, wopangidwa mwa mizere inayi) ntchito mtanda nyimbo. Nthawi zambiri, kotero onse quatrains mu kulemba wina ndakatulo pogwiritsa ntchito angapo njira rhyming: mwina mizere onse kutha mu syllables anatsindika (chachimuna nyimbo) kapena mizere onse chosalimba nyimbo, pamene nkhawa imagwera pa syllable penultimate, kapena mmodzi wa awiriawiri rhymed ulusi ali ndi nyimbo wamphongo, ndi ena awiri - wamkazi. A pang'ono pokha wamba dactylic nyimbo pamene chingwe umatha ndi syllables awiri unstressed, amene yoyamba amadza ndi. Ndipo kawirikawiri kusamalira kukumana giperdaktilicheskuyu (yachinai kapena ngakhale pentasyllabic) nyimbo, pamene syllable anatsindika akutsatiridwa ndi syllables atatu kapena kuposa unstressed. Ntchito mu ndakatulo imodzi options onse nthawi yomweyo - chodabwitsa osowa.

Amuna, akazi, ndi giperdaktilicheskaya dactylic nyimbo: kusanthula pa chitsanzo cha

Mu Mwachitsanzo kale ikusonyezera chabe kunachokera amuna, akazi ndi dactylic mtanda nyimbo monga njira chimake prosody. Mwachitsanzo, woyamba ndi wotsiriza quatrains pali ntchito wokwanira rhymes chachikazi, ndi Vesi yachiwiri ya mzere woyamba ndi wachitatu zikugwirizana ndi nyimbo chikazi, ndipo lachiwiri ndi lachitatu - dactylic. The quatrain lachitatu ndi chitsanzo cha ntchito osakaniza akazi chachimuna nyimbo. Ndipotu, apa mtanda nyimbo chiwembu anasonyeza Ababa, komwe likulu kalata umaimira nyimbo chachikazi, ndi ang'ono - wamwamuna.

akachita nyimbo

Kumachitika kawirikawiri nyimbo mtanda encircling mizere nyimbo. Mu njira iyi, ndakatulo woyamba pamodzi ndi mzere wachinai, ndipo chachiwiri - wachitatu. Mwachitsanzo, belting, ndi wina - mphete nyimbo, angagwiritsidwe ntchito apa ndi ndime ya "O mayi" ndakatulo:

mungathe chimene ine? Basi pang'ono:

Kumpsompsona manja makwinya ...

Kodi iwo sadziwa kunyong'onyeka,

Asilikali kupuma iwo mwina.

Monga Tingaone chitsanzo pano nyimbo inachokera mu mizere choyamba ndi wachinayi (smallness - kumanzere), ndi wachiwiri ndi wachitatu (manja - yokhala okha).

Monga mtanda, akachita nyimbo mwina mungachite kuti amuna, akazi, ndi dactylic giperdaktilicheskoy ndi ma zace. Nthawi zambiri mtundu wa ndakatulo ntchito sonnets, ndipo pafupifupi konse - mu wowerengeka ndakatulo Russian. Kwa nthawi yoyamba zinaoneka m'zaka za m'ma 18, kumapeto kwa nyengo ya versification syllabic. Penyani n'zotheka kukhala Antiochus Kantemir mu "Letter II kuti ndakatulo wake."

Nthunzi mu nyimbo ndakatulo cha ana

Kukangana za mmene Kuwonjezera ndakatulo, osati kutchula nthunzi nyimbo. Monga mphete ndi mtanda, nthunzi nyimbo limapezeka nthawi zambiri ndakatulo Russian. Izi mwina mophweka kwambiri, zomveka ndi yolankhulira andakatulo, ndicho chifukwa ndi njira imeneyi ambiri a ndakatulo yolembedwa ana. Izi zikuphatikizapo patters ndi kuwerengera, ndi mikuluwiko ambiri.

Mwachitsanzo, mikuluwiko ngati vesi lolembedwa ndi awiri nyimbo:

Iye - bwato otentha amayandama pa nkhaniyi.

Ndipo iye uyu yosalala pamwamba - wopanda makwinya sangathe kuwona!

kapena:

Long makutu, mchira ndi waufupi,

Muchipindachi, iye amakhala, fluffy, ndi amantha.

A ndakatulo odziwika bwino za Tanya, waponya mumtsinje mpira, yokonzedwa ndi Agniya Barto, monga umaonetsa ntchito awiri nyimbo. Ndi ndakatulo zina, mwachitsanzo, za ng'ombe, umene uli pa pambali anagona mu bokosi, tulo chimbalangondo, ulogshegosya pa kama, ndi za njovu amene safuna kukagona, nodding mutu wake ndi moni kwa njovu awo.

Onegin Vesi

Kawirikawiri, ntchito ya ndakatulo akulemba mu umodzi, njira wake wosankhidwa, pogwiritsa ntchito mphete kapena nsapato, kapena mtanda nyimbo. Koma Pushkinym Aleksandrom Sergeevichem unaperekedwa kwa dziko buku loyambirira, lomwe ndi ulemu wake anali wotchedwa "Onegin Vesi," monga anaonekera mu mizere woyamba wa buku "Eugene Onegin". Onegin Vesi tichipeza quatrains atatu ndi couplet komaliza. Apa, mu imodzi mwa ndakatulo zimapezeka yomweyo nyimbo mphete, chipinda nthunzi, mtanda. Njira akali ndi moyo mpaka lero, ndipo nthawi zina olemba ntchito ndakatulo akananena kuti kuti aunikire afotokoze maganizo awo ndi malingaliro.

Mwachitsanzo tikhoza kutenga ndime "O mayi" kwathunthu wina quatrain amene kale bwinobwino ngati chitsanzo encircling ya nyimbo.

za mayi

Ine musaiwale chifukwa ine ndiri kunyumba,

Musaiwale fungo la mayi.

Mayi, ndinagula inu duwa!

Mayi, ine ndikupepesa, izo ndi mochedwa ...

mungathe chimene ine? Basi pang'ono:

Kumpsompsona manja makwinya ...

Kodi iwo sadziwa kunyong'onyeka,

Asilikali kupuma iwo mwina.

maso ake, kamodzi yowala buluu,

Penyani ndi chithunzi - bloklo buluu ...

Tsitsi, zokongola, wokongola,

Thinned, anakhala imvi ...

Inu tikuyembekezera ine pano pa pakhomo -

Only pang'ono mochedwa I ...

Parsing ndi quatrain choyamba, zikuonekeratu kuti nawo kulemba nyimbo nthunzi. Komabe, zambiri tisaiwale kuti pali ntchito assonansnaya nyimbo imene consonant yekha za mawu zikumveka, koma simukugwirizana.

Ndithudi, mawu akuti "kunyumba" ndi "nzika" koyamba, ndi kovuta kuitana nyimbo. Koma mawu 'kunyumba' komaliza mavawelo unstressed amaima mu ofooka malo II, kotero kupereka wotsikirapo phokoso "b". Mawu "nzika" amapanga phokoso lomwelo kalata "o" mu malo zaudarnoy. Mofananamo, mukhoza kupanga mawu "maluwa" ndi "mochedwa". Komabe, nyimbo imeneyi kumatheka wamba consonant "Z".

The quatrain chachiwiri ankaona mwa ife pamwamba: izo unkagwiritsidwa lamba kapena akachita nyimbo. Mu quatrain wachitatu ntchito mtanda nyimbo. Ndipo kumaliza Vesi Onegin mogwirizana ndi osankhidwa kalembedwe couplet.

Apa ndi chinthu zovuta - kulemba ndakatulo. Ndipo komabe kuphunzira kutenga nyimbo lamanja, kusankha njira ya ndakatulo, chitsanzo rhythmic angaone ngakhale loboti. Koma kuti aganyali mu gawo mankhwala a moyo wake - ndi pa phewa si aliyense.