Man ndi chikhalidwe mu lyric Tyutchev. Malo ndakatulo Tiutchev

Mlembi wa mizere wanzeru za Russia, amene si muyezo wamba kuyeza, malinga K. Pigareva (zolembalemba, mdzukulu F. I. Tyutcheva), anazindikira mwa anthu, makamaka ngati woimbira wapadera chikhalidwe. Mu nthawi Union, zilandiridwenso a ndakatulo uyu yasiyidwa chifukwa malo ake chikhalidwe, koma m'kupita kutchula malo ndakatulo Tiutchev. Mu nthawi yathu, ndakatulo wake chimatengedwa ngati chuma cha mtengo wapatali kwambiri wa mabuku Russian Agiriki ndi woyambitsa mizere wanzeru mpake amakhala makamaka ukutchulidwa. Komabe, ndakatulo wa wotchuka nzeru ndiponso zobisika woganiza izi asanamvetsetse komanso kuyamikira wogulira.

katundu wapadera

Fedor Ivanovich Tyutchev (1803-1873) - academician ndi nthumwi, ndi adherent makhalidwe miyambo ndi kuti, chimene iye kumbuyo m'zochita zake journalistic, anali wochenjera lyricist, amafuna wachikondi Russian chikhalidwe. Izi sizodabwitsa pali ndakatulo yopambana yandale, monga, mwachitsanzo, "Masiku" koma mwamuna ndi chilengedwe mawu Tiutchev tcheru anthu wolemba ndakatulo ndi luso mafani ndi otsutsa. Mlembi wa luso lake ndakatulo sanali ngofunika kwambiri, koma wapangidwa ndi ndakatulo zoposa 400, nthawi zonse amakopeka anzeru ndi luso mabuku otsutsa, monga anali Yuriy Nikolaevich Tynyanov. Iye, monga Ivan Aksakov, anayamikira zotsatira za ulemu wolemba ndakatulo wa. FET A monga msonkho kufunika kwa ndakatulo iyi, analemba m'buku la ndakatulo Tiutchev mawu awa: "Nawu buku laling'ono, mabuku premnogih lolemera."

Okongola ndi watanthauzo

Malo ndakatulo Tiutchev nthawi zonse kuonetsa zilandiridwenso zakukhosi kwambiri ndakatulo ndi chifukwa cha chikhalidwe Russian, ankakonda devotedly. Nthawi zonse amakhazikitsa kuti maganizo wapadera mokondwera, ankasangalala ndiponso kutonthozedwa. F. I. Tyutchev konse anafotokoza zoipa ndi zolakwika, iwo sakutchedwa "osasamba" Russian - sizinali lililonse. Chisoni, anauziridwa ndi chikhalidwe, palibe kufufuza mu ndakatulo wake. Ena, monga Tynyanov, "makombo" (kapena "lalifupi ode" - otchedwa katswiri Tyutchev vesi machulukitsidwe awo pazipita ndi mphamvu) kuimba zazikulu nyimbo - mwachitsanzo, odziwika ndakatulo "kasupe mkuntho".

patsogolo chikhalidwe

Ndipo munthu, ndi chikhalidwe cha nyimbozo ndi watanthauzo Tiutchev m'njira yapadera. Wolemba ndakatulo amapereka chikhalidwe cha maganizo a anthu ndi zochita zake. Amanenanso kuti munthu angakhale wosangalala okha pophatikizana ndi chikhalidwe. A kwambiri wosasangalala, koma vuto la chikhalidwe palibe ngati si zogwirizana ndi izo. Izi sapiens Homo, anatenga chisokonezeko choipa, kukhala ndi moyo chilengedwe si bwinobwino ndi kuyika mu mtima wa dziko chodala cha chilengedwe.

Kozama ndi kuchuluka kwa dziko

Man ndi chikhalidwe mu lyric Tyutchev kumvera zilakolako ndi mafunde, imene ndakatulo amayesetsa kumvetsa, kumvetsa iwo. Mu wake zilandiridwenso Tiutchev ndi wojambula, ndi kupeka - kotero kwabasi ndipo musicality za ndakatulo zake. Bwino ndi andakatulo Tiutchev, sikutheka kuiwala. Malinga Turgenev za Tiutchev Musaganize yekha amene si bwino ntchito yake. Ndakatulo, akutama chilengedwe, nthawi zonse amapeza kuti chinachake zinthu zosadziwika, amene akulonjeza chidwi ndi maganizo abwino. Ndipo zozoloŵereka sangathe kunyamula palibe chimwemwe.

Wapadera ndi kudzidalira

Theodore anali mwamtheradi zolondola, kuganizira Gwero la zoipa zonse ndi anthu - popeza nchofowoka, disharmonious, sangathe kulimbana ndi zilakolako zawo ndi makhalidwe ake, atasenza chionongeko chikhalidwe. Ndiye izo zonse amakhala yekha malamulo chilengedwe cha kupambana kwa moyo. Malo ndakatulo Tiutchev zimalimbikitsa Kudzidalira ndi otchuka bata la chilengedwe, wopanda chilakolako rending. Pali zinthu, koma chodabwitsa ndi chifukwa moyo wa chikhalidwe osati njiru yake. Kapena anayamba kuimba Tiutchev tsunami, ndi chiphala kuphulika - anali patriot m'lingaliro apamwamba a mawu, akukonda Russian chikhalidwe. Akatswiri ena amaganiza kuti mawu akuti "malo ndakatulo" Tiutchev kwambiri malinga ndi mawu akuti "malo ndi nzeru za anthu."

Ndakatulo za chikondi

Anasankha cholowa amatenga ndakatulo Tiutchev. Ndakatulo za kumukonda, ngati ine anganene choncho, kwambiri makhalidwe abwino. Achifumu mzimu, Sanasangalale kudzionetsera dziko wamumtima, kuganizira mofatsa manyazi. Koma mwamtheradi kudziwika kwa mzere onse - "ndinakumana ndi inu, ndipo zonse zakale mumtima otzhivshem anakhala ndi moyo ..." - wokhoza kulemba za chikondi mawu osavuta, amene Amabisa mtima. F. I. Tyutchev amayimba kumverera kuti anayatsa nyenyezi, lapamwamba ndi wokongola. cynics ano, chifukwa angayambitse kukanidwa - basi sakatulani ndi "ndemanga". Koma mawu amenewa koma kukhulupirira zimene ndakatulo analemba - pali choipa anthu chotengera pansi.

Osiyanasiyana ndi zazikulu

Waukulu zolinga lyric Tyutchev mosatsata artificiality. Man ndi kuchuluka zake zonse zakukhosi, chikhalidwe, sanathetsedwe, mwachinsinsi, koma wangwiro ndi okongola, chikondi kwa mkazi ndi Mama - anadzazidwa onse ndi sewero, koma wachotsedwa moyo weniweniwo. Wolemba ndakatulo sakutero kutopa akutama dziko, anali kunyansidwa ndi palibe wearies. Iye akuyesera kuti kuimba oyaka Mipikisano faceted chikhalidwe cha mtundu uliwonse, mumpanda mphindi ya kusintha kwa chithunzi wina ndi mzake.

zinyama

Tanena kale mbali zithunzi za chilengedwe mawu Tiutchev. Ichi ndi chizindikiro cha moyo wa munthu, maganizo ake ndi anakumana nazo zochitika za dziko kunja, ndi zamoyo chikhalidwe. F. I. Tyutchev zonse atamukoka kufanana kwambiri pakati pa nthawi zosiyana za moyo wa anthu, chikhalidwe cha moyo wake, ndi zochitika zachilengedwe. Ichi ndi chimodzi mwa njira chachikulu luso. Wazojambula zachilengedwe zikutsindika kuti, mwachitsanzo, ngati "mzimu anagona." Wolemba ndakatulo amafuula chikhalidwe si chithunzi cha nkhope ndi soulless, koma chinachake kuti akhoza kupuma momasuka, chikondi ndi kulankhula izi osayanjanitsika, tcheru nkhope zonse.

organic lonse

Nature mutu mawu Tiutchev ndi zazikulu ndi kutsogolera. Ataipeza pofotokoza chodabwitsa, potenga moyo wa mawu, monga "mwaulemu Mulungu kuvutika." Choncho ndakatulo limakamba za kugwa kwa chete Kuuma zachilengedwe. Ndipo akulongosola sunbeam, amene "anamugwira bulangeti," kapena kodi mawu a madzulo - "Anagonjera kayendedwe, ntchito anagona ...". anthu ochepa pansi mphamvu kupeza mawu.

Kuyambira zonsezi tinganene kuti munthu ndi chikhalidwe mu mawu Tiutchev wosaoneka ulusi akumangani. Ndipo, ngakhale kuti nthawi zina munthu akuyesera kusiya kukhulupirika kwa dziko ndi Mulungu, iye ankadziwanso kuti wosangalala moona mtima ndi omasuka akhoza amodzi pokhapokha ndi amayi Nature. Akatswiri ena amanena dziko ndakatulo Tiutchev. Pa analemba S. L. Frank, kuti m'mavesi a ndakatulo iyi amasonyeza maganizo a cosmism Russian. danga Personal kwenikweni ndithu ndakatulo anatchula Mwachitsanzo, "... ndipo timayenda lamoto phompho kuchokera kumbali zonse atazungulira ...".