Wambiri Krylova I. A. Moyo ndi Ntchito ya fabulist wotchuka

Wambiri Krylova I. A. inayamba mu uku Moscow, kumene wolemba tsogolo ndi fabulist anabadwa 2 (13) February 1769

Childhood Krylov

Makolo Ivan Andreyevich anayenera pafupipafupi amapita kumalo osiyanasiyana. Mkati mwa wamba kugalukira kutsogoleredwa ndi Emelyan Pugachev Krylov ndi mayi ake anali Orenburg, ndi atate tsogolo wolembayo anali kapitao m'tauni Yaik. Dzina Andreya Krylova nkomwe mu mndandanda pugachovskom pa ikulendewera, koma mwamwayi banja, izo sanabwere. Komabe, patapita kanthawi Andrei Krylov amafa ndi banja akadali pang'ono kapena palibe ndalama. mayi Ivan ndi kukakamiza ntchito ku nyumba za anthu olemera. Krylov iyemwini anayambitsa ntchito pa zaka zochepa kwambiri - zaka zisanu ndi zinayi. Iye analola kuti ndalama pang'ono kuti kulilembanso mapepala bizinesi.

Kenako, mnyamatayo ophunzira m'nyumba ya N. A. Lvova, wolemba wotchuka. Ivan kuphunzira ndi ana mbuye, anakumana ndi amisiri ndi olemba, amene nthawi kudzamuyendera Lviv, kumvetsera nkhani zawo.

Chifukwa cha maphunziro ena otalikirana kenako wolemba amakumana ndi mavuto ambiri. Komabe, pa nthawi anali akhoza kuphunzira kulemba, kuti kwambiri kukuza M'maso mwawo ndipo ngakhale adziwe chinenero Italy.

Zoyesayesa woyamba kulemba

A siteji watsopano wayamba mu moyo wa fabulist kuyambira makolo ake anasamukira ku St. Petersburg. Wambiri Krylova I. A. nthawi imeneyi ndi chochititsa chidwi, chifukwa pa nthawi ino, iyo inali njira yake yoyamba njira mabuku. Kumpoto likulu fabulist mayi anapita kuthetsa nkhani za penshoni, koma khama lake analephera.

Krylov yekha, popanda kuwononga nthawi pachabe, zoti ntchito mu Ofesi ya Komiti Treasury. Komabe, malonda boma si kwambiri ndi izo. Pafupifupi onse nthawi ufulu umene umakhala pa maphunziro zolembalemba, zisudzo, akuyamba kulankhula limodzi ndi zisudzo luso odziwika bwino, komanso P. A. Soymonovym, mkulu wa bwalo lamasewera.

Ngakhale pambuyo pa imfa ya mayi wa Ivan zilakolako sizinasinthe. Ngakhale tsopano fabulist tsogolo kovuta: ayenera samalani mng'ono wake, amene anatsala ku chisamaliro chake.

Wambiri Krylova I. A. mu 80 ntchentche. - ndi mgwirizano zonse ndi dziko la zisudzo. Pa nthawi ino, mwa manja ake kusiya libretto kwa sewero la "Kofeynitsa," "misala banja", "Cleopatra", komanso Comedy, akuti "Wolemba akulowa m'nyumbayo." Ngakhale kutchuka kapena malipiro yaikulu iwo ndithudi sanam'bweretsere. Koma Krylov analola kuti agwirizane bwalo la Abwenzi St. Petersburg olemba.

Mnyamata amatenga pansi phiko lake wolemba masewero wina wotchuka ndiponso amafuna kuthandiza Knyazhin Krylov bwinobwino kulimbikitsa ntchito zawo. Komabe, Ivan Andreyevich osati akukana thandizo, komanso mabasi ubale wina uliwonse ndi Knyazhinym, kenako analemba sewero lanthabwala "Pranksters" imene ina iliyonse ya akuseka wa Wolemba wina ndi mkazi wake. Izo siziri zodabwitsa kuti sewero lanthabwala kwambiri inali yoletsedwa kwa staging, ndi wolemba asapita owonongedwa ndi olemba ndi zisudzo directorate, amene ntchito anaikidwa pa siteji.

Pa mapeto a zaka khumi ndi Krylov alola kuyesa dzanja lake pa utolankhani. Magazini "Morning Watch" a nyimbo zake kufalitsidwa mu 1788, koma iwo amaona. Patatha izi, Ivan Andreevich anaganiza kuchita ndi kufalitsa magazini wake ( "Mail mizimu") amene amapita kwa miyezi isanu ndi itatu 1789, "mizimu Mail" umakhala makalata Fairy-nthano otchulidwa - atumiki ndi mfiti. wolemba akupereka caricature izobrazhnie anthu pa nthawi imeneyo. Koma posakhalitsa, magazini chimakwirira kufufuza kufotokoza kuti buku la inali ndi makasitomala 80 okha.

Kuyambira 1790 Krylov anali ntchito, ndiyeno kwathunthu anadzipereka ntchito zolembalemba. Panthawi imeneyi yonena Krylova I. A. ndi zogwirizana ndi moyo njira mabwanawe wolemba - A. Klushina, P. Plavilshchikov ndi I. Dmitriev. Ivan Andreyevich amayendetsa makina osindikizira ndi abwenzi ayamba kufalitsa magazini "The azionerera" (kenako - "St. Petersburg Mercury"). Mu 1793, magazini potsiriza otsekedwa ndi mapiko zaka zingapo kumanzere likulu.

Mu utumiki wa Prince Golitsyn

Mpaka 1797 Krylov amakhala ku Moscow, kenako amayamba kuyenda dziko, kuima pa nyumba ndi anthu wotchuka a anzake. Fabulist mowirikiza kufunafuna magwero a ndalama, ndipo nthawi zina amapezeka zofunika mu masewera khadi. Mwa njira, Krylov ankadziwika ngati player bwino pafupi ukathyali.

Prince SERGEY Fedorovich Golitsyn yodziwa Ivanom Andreevichem, wokonzeka kukhala mphunzitsi wake kunyumba ndi mlembi. Krylov amakhala ku bwalo Prince pa malire a dera la Kiev ndipo chinkhoswe mu mabuku m'zinenero ndi ana a achifumu lapansi. Apa iye analemba masewero chifukwa staging dongosolo kunyumba zisudzo, komanso lophunzira ndi masewera luso zoimbira zosiyanasiyana zoimbira.

Mu 1801, anakwera wachifumu, Alexander I, amene anali ndi chikhulupiriro chachikulu mu Golitsyn ndipo anamuika Livonia Bwanamkubwa-General. Krylov nawonso, malo ndi ofesi ya kazembe. Mpaka 1803 fabulist ntchito mu Riga, ndipo kenako anasamukira ku m'bale wake Serpukhov.

ulemerero kulenga

Zilandiridwenso ndi mbiri Krylov amafika chidwi kuyambira nthawi imeneyo. Ndithudi, mu nthawi iyi, kanali koyamba Krylov ( "chitumbuwa") Umapeza mitima ya omvera ndipo potero bwino yaitali kuti wolemba. Amaona kuti apitirize ntchito yake zolembalemba nabwera ku St. Petersburg.

Mu 1805, Ivan A. atsimikiza I. Dmitriev, luso ndakatulo, Mabaibulo wake woyamba wa nthano. Zimaonekeratu kuti wolemba anapeza maitanidwe ake oona. Koma Krylov Komabe, lofalitsidwa nthano atatu okha ndi kubwerera kwa sewero. Zaka zingapo zotsatira omwe ana nkhani imeneyi. Krylova kudziwa komanso kukonda connoisseurs luso ed, ndi kusewera "Fashion Plommer" anasonyezedwa ngakhale pa bwalo.

Komabe, Krylov ochuluka kusunthira kutali zisudzo ndi vsroz chidwi yomasulira ndi kulemba nthano zake. Mu 1809, zikuoneka pa maalumali wa chopereka chake choyamba. Pang'onopang'ono chiwerengero cha mankhwala chikamakula, opangidwa zopereka yatsopano, ndi 1830 kale wabweza 8 mabuku a nthano Krylov a.

Mu 1811, Ivan A. membala wa Russian Academy ndi zaka khumi ndi ziwiri analandiranso ku Mendulo ake golide chifukwa cha kuphunzira m'mabuku. Mu 1841 Krylov yoikidwiratu academician dipatimenti ya Chirasha ndi mabuku. Kuyambira 1812 wolemba kumachita ngati ndi mabuku pa Imperial Library Public. Krylov walandiranso penshioni ndi mautumiki ake mabuku Russian, ndipo pambuyo vosmitomnika kunja Nicholas Ine kuwonjezera pantchito kawiri ndi chimaika wolemba boma milandu.

Zima 1838 Petersburg ndi ulemu ndi chofunika anathandiza chikondwerero cha chikumbutso makumi asanu a wolemba kulenga. Pa nthawiyi, Krylov anali ataika kale pa ndime ndi zapamwamba za mabuku Russian - Pushkin, Derzhavin, Griboedov. Recent nthano za Ivan Andreevich amasuliridwa m'zinenero zoposa 50.

m'zaka zaposachedwapa

Mu 1841 Krylov chimakagona ndi likhazikika pa Vasilevsky Island, kukhala mu mtendere, chifukwa zosangalatsa zake. Wolemba wakhala si mantha kudya ndi kugona pabedi, chifukwa cha zimene ena anamutcha wosusuka ndi waulesi.

Komabe, kufikira m'masiku otsiriza Krylov ntchito pa gulu latsopano la essays. Iye anafa 9 (21) November 1844 ku St. Petersburg ndi chibayo amgwirizano.

Zosangalatsa za Wolemba

Pali mfundo chidwi ku nkhani yonena za Krylov, ali ponena m'nkhani ino ofunika. Mwachitsanzo, pafupifupi konse fabulist sachita manyazi ndi sanaphonyepo mwayi kuwatonza ena zolakwa.

Kamodzi anali kuyenda embankment lapansi. Powona chithunzi chachikulu cha osadziwika nkhalamba, tchuthi ophunzira anayamba kuseka kuti, "pali mtambo." Kuyenda kale iwo, Krylov anayankha modekha: "... Ndipo chule zakvakali".

M'nkhani ina chidwi chinachitika ndi Ivanom Andreevichem ku bwalo lamasewera. mnansi wake phokoso kwambiri stamped mapazi ake mu nthawi nyimbo, ngakhale anaimba pamodzi. Mokweza moti Krylov anati: "manyazi" mnansi mwano wolemba anafunsa ngati adzaupereka kwa iye, pa mapiko Eti anati amati "adziwe siteji, amene chindiletsa ine akumvetsera kwa inu [woyandikana]."

Zimasonyeza anali zinachitika pambuyo pa imfa ya wolemba. Kulipira msonkho kwa Krylov, werengani Orlov, akale ambiri awiri pambuyo mfumu panokha ananyamula bokosi fabulist ndi ophunzira wamba, mpaka ngolo maliro.