Dzimbiri zoletsa. njira dzimbiri chitetezo

Chaka chilichonse, pafupifupi kotala ya zitsulo opangidwa mu dziko, atayika chifukwa chitukuko ndi dzimbiri njira. Ndalama kugwirizana ndi kukonza ndi m'malo zida ndi kulankhulana zomera mankhwala, maulendo angapo kuposa mtengo wa katundu, amene anafunikira kupanga awo. Dzimbiri amatchedwa mowiriza azingokhala zitsulo ndi kasakaniza wazitsulo mchikakamizo cha chilengedwe. Komabe, mungathe kudziteteza ku njira izi. Pali zosiyanasiyana njira kuteteza motsutsana dzimbiri, komanso zotsatira. M'munda wa kupanga mankhwala mitundu yofala dzimbiri ndi gasi, mumlengalenga ndi electrochemical.

zinthu kunja

Kusankha njira chifukwa kulamulira mu nkhani iyi kumadalira osati kokha pa mbali zitsulo, komanso zinthu opaleshoni. Njira chitetezo dzimbiri amasankhidwa molingana ndi zinthu zina Komabe, pali zambiri angapo mavuto. A vuto makamaka amagwirizana ndi njira kwa sing'anga Mipikisano chigawo ndi magawo omwe zosiyanasiyana pa ndondomekoyi. Makampani mankhwala izo ndi zachilendo. Njira chitetezo dzimbiri kuti ntchito kuchita, anagawa ndi chikhalidwe cha zotsatira zawo pa chilengedwe ndi zitsulo.

Impact pa chilengedwe

Ngakhale mu Ages Middle anali anthu odziwidwa zinthu wapadera amene anayambitsa zedi ochepa amene amalola kuchepetsa ndewu ya chilengedwe zikuwononga. Chifukwa chaichi, anaganiza ntchito mafuta, resins ndi zokhala. Pa zaka zapitazi, panali zambiri zoletsa dzimbiri. Pa nthawi, okha Russia angalandire ambiri opanga. Zoletsa zitsulo dzimbiri zili ponseponse chifukwa mtengo angagulidwe. Iwo zimathandiza kwambiri mu kachitidwe komwe kuli zonse kapena pang'ono kusinthidwa buku la sing'anga zikuwononga Mwachitsanzo mu akasinja, Madamu, kachitidwe kuzirala, boilers ndi zina mayunitsi mankhwala.

katundu

Dzimbiri zoletsa kungakhale zachilengedwe organic ndi zochita kupanga. Iwo angatetezedwe ku kukhudzana ndi zakumwa kapena mpweya kukhudzana. zoletsa dzimbiri makampani mafuta nthawi zambiri imakhudzana ndi chopinga wa anodic ndi cathodic njira electrochemical kuwononga mapangidwe passivating ndi mafilimu zozitetezera. Mukhoza kuona akamanena za izi.

Anodic zoletsa dzimbiri zochokera passivation corroding m'madera anodic zitsulo pamwamba, chomwe chinali chifukwa cha passivating dzina. Monga oxidants ngati kale ntchito ku feteleza zochita kupanga, chromates ndi molybdates. Iwo mosavuta yafupika pa kali ndi cathode, chifukwa cha zomwe ofanana depolarizers, kuchepetsa liwiro la kusintha kwa anode mu njira munali ayoni wa zitsulo corroding.

Anode retarders ankaona ena mankhwala si yodziwika ndi kukhalapo kwa katundu zobwera chifukwa cha okosijeni: polyphosphates, phosphates, ndi sodium benzoate, silicates. zochita zawo monga zoletsa amapezeka mwapadera mu kukhalapo kwa mpweya, omwe atenge mbali ya passivating wothandizira. zinthu zimenezi kungathandize kuti kumamatira kwa mpweya pa pamalo zitsulo. Komanso, chifukwa chopinga wa anodic ndondomeko kuvunda chifukwa mapangidwe mafilimu zodzitetezera zimene zigwirizana katundu ndi mouma sungunuka zimene woletsa ndi zitsulo ayoni kudutsa mu njira.

Features

Anodic dzimbiri zoletsa zitsulo akhoza kuchitika kwa gulu la zoopsa, chifukwa iwo kutembenukira kwa oyang'anira initiators ndondomeko zowononga akamaziwononga. Popewa izi, m'pofunika kuti dzimbiri kachulukidwe panopa anali kuposa limene Mtheradi aumbike passivation m'madera anodic. passivating wothandizila ndende sayenera ndichepe pansipa mtengo enieni, mwinamwake ndi passivation zisadzachitike, kapena kudzakhala chosakwanira. Njira yamasika zinadzala ndi ngozi yaikulu, chifukwa izo zimayambitsa kuchepetsa pamwamba anode, kuwonjezeka mu kuya ndi zitsulo wovulala mlingo mu chakudya chochepa.

zofunika

Iwo likukhalira kuti angateteze mogwira nkhani ya anode kukhalabe ndende ya woletsa pamwamba mtengo pazipita kwa mabacteria onse Nkhani yomwe amaloŵamo chitetezo. zinthuzi msanga msinkhu pH a sing'anga. Nthawi zambiri, chromates ndi ku feteleza ntchito kuzizira kutentha ndi kuteteza chitoliro pamwamba.

cathodic woletsa

Ndi zotsatira kuteteza zinthu zimenezi sakhala ogwira poyerekezera anode lapansi. mmene zachokera chakuti alkalinization m'dera la zotsatira sing'anga mu mapangidwe pa mbali cathode mankhwala insoluble, gawo chimateteza a padziko njira. Monga zinthu zina akhoza kuchita Mwachitsanzo, calcium bicarbonate, kumasuka ndi alkalized sing'anga kashiamu carbonate monga precipitate, ndi kovuta likufa kuvunda. Cathode dzimbiri woletsa, zikuchokera potsata malo a ntchito sichichititsa kuchuluka njira zowononga ngakhale zili otsika.

mitundu

Mawailesi ndale monga cathode ndi anode zoletsa zambiri kuchita zinthu zochita kupanga, koma iwo amalephera kuthandiza njira mwamphamvu acidic. Monga retarders mu mankhwala ndondomeko kupanga ntchito organic asidi amene mamolekyulu muli magulu kapena kumalo ozizira Mwachitsanzo amines, thiourea, aldehydes, phenols ndi mchere carbonate.

Pa limagwirira cha zochita za zoletsa ndi dzimbiri zosiyana kumamatira khalidwe. Pambuyo kumamatira kwa cathode kapena anode mbali iwo mwamphamvu udzalepheretsa kumaliseche a ayoni hydrogen ndi zitsulo ionization anachita. Mokulira zotsatira zoteteza zachokera kutentha, ndende, ndi anion chidulo, ndi ion wa hydrogen ndende. Nthawi zambiri anawonjezera zedi yaing'ono, chifukwa zotsatira kuteteza zingapo zoletsa organic mu woipa mkulu angakhale oopsa.

Mwachitsanzo, pawiri organic amatchedwa "Penta-522" - neftevodorastvorimy. Iwo amatha kupereka mlingo wa chitetezo kuposa 90% pa mlingo wa magalamu 15-25 pa tani. Dzimbiri woletsa opangidwa pansi wakuti "Aminkor" chizindikiro - mankhwala a esterification zidulo carboxylic, zimene siziri oyaka, alibe chinthu chosangalatsa fungo, nontoxic. mlingo wake anatsimikiza pokhapokha unsembe wa kukula kwa sing'anga corrosiveness weniweni.

Mmene Chitsulo

Gulu la njira chitetezo zimaphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito zosiyanasiyana zokutira. utoto ichi, zitsulo, labala ndi zina. Iwo chagwiritsidwa m'njira zosiyanasiyana: ndi kupopera, electroplating, ndi rubberizing ena. Mukhoza kuwona aliyense wa iwo.

Ndi rubberizing ambiri amadziwira chitetezo dzimbiri ndi zokutira mphira nthawi zambiri zofunika pa ulimi chlorine. Mphira mankhwala awonjezera bata mankhwala ndipo amateteza muli, miphika, komanso ena zida mankhwala kuchokera dzimbiri ndipo dzimbiri. Gumming ndi kuzizira ndipo otentha vulcanization ndondomeko yomwe ikuchitika epoxy ndi PTFE zosakaniza.

Nkofunika osati kusankha, komanso chifukwa dzimbiri woletsa. Opanga zambiri kupereka malangizo mokwanira bwino pa nkhaniyo. Pa nthawi imeneyi, kuwonjezera electroplating, wamphamvu njira zokwanira kuti mkulu-liwiro kufalitsa kupopera. Mothandizidwa ndi mzimuwo kuthetsa ndi sipekitiramu lonse la ntchito. Iwo angathe kugwiritsidwa ntchito zipangizo ufa yopangira zokutira ndi katundu osiyana.

zida chitetezo

Nkhani zokhudza chitetezo zida mankhwala, silipita, choncho amafuna mosamala kwambiri kuganizira. Kusankha zinthu yopangira zokutira apamwamba amafuna Khadili boma pamwamba, zikuchokera sing'anga, mikhalidwe ntchito, mlingo wa ndewu, ndi zinthu zina kutentha. Nthawi zina "nkhani yamasewera" pali chizindikiro yovuta, yomwe complicates kusankha mtundu wa ❖ kuyanika Mwachitsanzo, zimapita, ngakhale pakapita miyezi thanki propane. N'chifukwa chake iliyonse chilengedwe aukali amafuna kusankha filimu kale ndi mbali kwa zokutira ngati kuti yodziwika ndi kukana kwa reactants lapansi.

dissent

Akatswiri amanena kuti sizingafanane ndi mzake njira matenthedwe kupopera makamaka kuti ena a iwo ali bwino kuposa ena. Kodi aliyense wa iwo ali ndi ubwino ndi kuipa, ndi zokutira chifukwa ndi katundu osiyanasiyana amene amalankhula ndi luso kuthetsa ena mwa ntchito zake. The zikuchokera mulingo woyenera, zimene ziyenera yodziwika ndi zoletsa ndi dzimbiri, ndipo njira zawo za ntchito amasankhidwa mukudalira pa nkhani zosiyanasiyana.

Mankhwala kukula mmbuyo, njira imeneyi nthawi zambiri ntchito mu ndondomeko kukwaniritsa kukonza ndandanda. Ngakhale acidic zoletsa dzimbiri ntchito, m'pofunika woyamba kukonza khalidwe padziko zitsulo. Njira yokhayo kuonetsetsa inu mulandira chivundikiro khalidwe. Pamaso pa ntchito mwachindunji nkhani kupenta angagwiritsidwe ntchito kabotolo ndi chimene amaperekedwa pamwamba mwachilungamo akhakula.

Chaka chilichonse koposa chitukuko atsopano amapezeka pa msika, ndi pali kusankha ndithu. Komabe, akatswiri aganizire zomwe ndi yopindulitsa kwambiri - kutsata zida yake chitetezo kapena m'malo wathunthu machenjerero onse.