"Raptor" F-22 (F 22 Raptor) - lachisanu m'badwo Mipikisano ntchito womenya

Pa chiyambi cha September 1997 anapanga kuwonekera koyamba kugulu ndege ya womenya "Raptor" F-22. Ngakhale zlopyhaniya ambiri zoweta ndi achilendo akatswiri makhalidwe kwambiri ndege la ndegeyo, koma zaka zingapo zapitazo izo potsiriza kuchotsedwa kupanga. Ndipo si kwambiri zidzasintha mtengo wake, koma ndi zochitika akuwuka pa ntchito yake.

Kuwomba kwa amakhoma misonkho

Nkhani amene abisa ndi "Raptor" F 22, akhoza lofalitsidwa mu mabuku ulendo. Izo zonse zapiringizana: ndi intransigence wa Congress US, ndipo asiye kuvuta kutukula amene anakakamizika kuphatikiza sanali superimposable, ndipo akupeza ndege yoyamba, ndi imfa lachinsinsi la ndege, ndi chiletso okhazikika pa katundu ntchito ... The ndalama, amene anakhala pa chitukuko la ndegeyo kuposa biliyoni 70 madola malinga ndi lipoti la boma.

Kodi anapita magwero

Luso ntchito pa chilengedwe chatsopano ndege F 22 Raptor American okonza anabwerera mu 1981, koma makasitomala mu nkhope ya boma anali odziwa bwino (koma osati onse), kuti chitukuko, chabwino, anachedwa kwa angapo zaka zambiri. Mfundo ya Air Force mu zaka amene analandira watsopano F-15, mbali yomwe ayenera kukhala zokwanira kwa zaka zingapo. N'chifukwa chake Washington ndimangofuna kupeza njira kuti adzakhala konse kuposa onse Soviet ndi European. Andale ndimalota za ndege mosalekeza moti ntchito monga womenya ndi kuukira ndege. Kodi zinatheka bwanji? Weruzani inu.

Kukonzanso saatha

Ndi kubisa chida anakumana chabe pang'ono pa zofunika nthawi. Choncho, kompyuta adakwera anali ndi mphamvu Gflops osachepera 10 komanso kukumbukira gigabyte wina. Ine ndiyenera kunena kuti kutukula akwanitsa kuthetsa lakula zazing'ono ntchito purosesa i486 yosavuta. Koma ndiye usilikali akhadikhira Lizani: mu 1996, monga chaka pamaso pa ndege yoyamba, bungweli "Intel" analengeza gawo-mwa zitsanzo chakale. Pakali pano, Pentagon poyamba kuyembekezera kulandira 1,200 ndege, omwe chofunika 80 (!) Mapurosesa. Kodi iwo kutenga kumene? Lockheed Martin mobwerezabwereza anayesa "Finyani" ndi kutukula, koma "Intel" anali nati lolimba osokoneza ndipo sanafune kuti apange zida chakale kwambiri mu magulu ang'onoang'ono.

Ndipo kotero ine ndinali mwamsanga kulilembanso mapulogalamu onse a purosesa latsopano. Only pa zosinthidwa, malinga ndi kafukufuku boma, izo zinkayenera kuthera madola osachepera biliyoni. Nthawi zambiri, "malire malire nthawi" anali kwambiri mtengo chibwenzi. Ndipo chinali chiyambi chabe. Ndithudi, lachisanu m'badwo womenya ...

Kuwerengetsa ndi kukhetsa misozi

Asilikali okha akhala akuyesetsa vundervaffe, mtengo umene kuti musalumphe $ 40 miliyoni pa ndege. Koma mtengo wakhala pang'ono ayamba, ndi chifukwa Pentagon anali kuchepetsa zilakolako zawo. Pamene 187 ndege (ndipo udzachepetsedwa kupanga) inamangidwa mu 2011, zinadziwika kuti ndalama makina wina kuposa $ 150 miliyoni. Choncho mtengo wa F 22 "Raptor" "zinaposa" (ndi zambiri) ngakhale mitengo F 117 (amatchedwanso "wopunduka goblin"), zomwe ankaona kuti alembe chizindikiro. Komabe, makina adakali ndi zinthu zambiri zabwino kuposa chitsanzo 117, zomwe American ndege okha mwaulemu zayekha "Flying Iron".

Zogwiritsira zotsutsana

Mwangwiro hypothetically, monga "Raptor" F 22 silinakwaniritsidwe kumenyera weniweni, ndege ndi wabwino kwambiri kumwamba. Ku maganizo a Rada aone si wosiyana kwambiri ndi makina "muyeso". Kugwirira ndi maganizo a ndege - basi zamkhutu, chifukwa ndalama mukhoza kugula osachepera khumi ochiritsira kuukira ndege, kukonza mtengo umene uli maulendo zochepa (!).

Ndipo zonse izi si chifukwa cha kupanda Luso opanga. America nthawi zonse ndi ndege zabwino, zimene zinachitika m'munda umenewu, iwo Musachotse. Basi pa nthawi kutukula anayenera kuti apange ndege yoyamba m'galimotomo ya malonda-offs. Ndipo izi, ngati inu mukhoza kumvetsa aliyense anthu mwaukadaulo savvy, osati kanthu kabwino sakutero.

njira zodzikhululukira

Kotero, ine ndimayenera zonse kupita ku ntchito akuchuluka. Mwachitsanzo, "Raptor" F 22 alibe kuyimitsidwa kunja kwa chida bomba zida kumenya amene kumachepetsa kufunika kwake kwa ziro. Izo zinapita chifukwa phunziro kwa kupezeka kwa kuyimitsidwa ndege anakhala mwangwiro kosaoneka ndi makina ounikira. Kodi kuonekera makina kachitidwe kamakono wa kudziwika Rada, Sizikudziwika ngati "kumenyana" ntchito "Raptor" chibwenzi yochepa kuti kompyuta.

Ndipo chifukwa onse "kudzazidwa" lili makontena lamkati. Onse anai a iwo. The awiri - wina chida, ena awiri - awiri. Komanso, mogwirizana ndi lamulo makasitomala, iwo ayenera kuyamba poukira, ndi womenya chimake. Chifukwa, kunafuna kulenga chipangizo chipangizo chimene chikanakhoza "kukankhira kunja" mzinga pa liwiro supersonic. Ndipo zimenezi kamodzi mu magawo awiri. Choyamba wamphamvu pneumatic actuator kwenikweni agogoda chida ku wosanjikiza kunja wothinikizidwa mpweya, kenako amatayira ndi hydraulics projectile pa njira yodutsamo ake.

Atsogoleri a US Air Force anafuna Poyankha nthawi wanzeru limagwirira siziyenera upambana masekondi 0.2. Ndizo basi, anayesetsa Herculean la akatswiri ndi asayansi, mu kuchita, mtengo uwu masekondi 0,9. Ndipo izo siziri mu zimango pang'onopang'ono: ngati roketi kulikankhira afterburner liwiro msanga ndi uwonongedwe. Kotero kuti anachita mu ndege, choncho polankhula, wosafulumira.

Tikumbukenso kuti lodabwitsa pake, si onse mivi osati modes onse ndege: kuukira nthaka adamulowetsa kuposa chipangizo yosavuta kumva. Popanda kupita tsatanetsatane, lotseguka bomba Bay, ndi roketi aikidwa pa njanji, ndi iwo chiyambi cha projectile Launch ngati n'koyenera.

The zoti zofunika

Pomaliza onse kubwera pansi, kotero kuti ndege F 22 "Raptor" pamatabwa zojambula sapita, koma chifukwa chinachake kwa nsembe. Asayansi anali tasked kudzapeza ndege ntchito womenya. Ndiye akatswiri anaganiza ntchito injini ndi variable adaponya vectoring, ndipo kwambiri patsogolo contours a airframe lapansi. Chifukwa chirichonse, America amakonda kukhala okha kusintha ofukula adaponya (Lamulungu 35 yathu Mwachitsanzo, chingasinthe icho mu njira yopingasa).

Yosaoneka pa zikwangwani Rada anaikidwa chachiwiri. Mosiyana ndi "Opunduka Goblin ', ndiko kuti, F 117, ankagwiritsa ntchito kuti kuvulaza mawonekedwe tingachipeze powerenga za airframe, osati kusintha ndege chitsulo ndi mawu a aerodynamics. Pakupita kumbuyo kwa nkhaniyi, mwachitsanzo, kuti mu 1990, pamene ulimi wa "Night Hawk" anali mopupuluma apangidwe, ndalama zonse ndi pologalamu akatengela kwa "Raptor". chiphunzitso ndi kuti madyaidya ndikuledzera malo F 22 Raptor ndi 0,3 m². The "Goblin", chithunzi ichi ranged ku 0.01 kuti 0,0025 m². Koma "Raptor" koma anaganiza kuchita izo pandege, m'malo mwa chitsulo oyaka. Mwachidule, kampani Lockheed Martin, nthawi anaganiza kuti yesani kuleza mtima kwa Congress.

Komabe, yachibadwa malonda kuchokera pakati molondola ndi chozemba mabomba akadali sizinagwire ntchito. Ngakhale kupeza njira ndalama zambiri wakhala ntchito. Choncho, chifukwa cha "Raptor" pa nthawi yomwe ife analenga "wochenjera" mabomba motsogozedwa ndi chandamale ndi GPS. Popeza kuti zitseko bomba ang'ono F 22 si woyenera kuti mwachibadwa bomba yogwira kutsata. Ngati inu ntchito "langwiro" zipolopolo zokayikitsa chinthu kukhala kunagwa laser mtengo, ndi chozemba ndege lonse zouluka pansi kuda. Choncho thandizo Kanema anali pafupifupi Zimatheka yankho pabvuto ili.

Ambiri, bomba anatembenuka chidwi: zimatha kuuluka pa mtunda mpaka makilomita 30 kuchokera mpaka kumaliseche, ndi kupatuka pa chandamale ndi zosakwana mamita 11. Kwenikweni, ndi chombo, sankalimbana nafe womangidwa kwa ndondomeko yoyenera ya dziko lapansili. Choncho ngati cholinga ndicho akamagwiritsa, anagunda lachisanu m'badwo wake womenya adzatha ngati chodziwikiratu. Zomwe kachiwiri amaika kuthetsa kuukira za luso lake. Koma izi si zoipa okha. Kugunda "wochenjera" bomba n'kupuma chandamale, "Raptor" ali kuwuluka monga pansi pa mphuno wa asilikali mpweya chitetezo mdani. Kotero kuti katundu lowonjezera zitseko galimoto bomba mlandu ndi mivi anakonzedwa ndendende kutsutsa odana ndi ndege chitetezo.

kufooka kumenya

N'zochititsa chidwi kuti mosalekeza F 22 "Raptor" makhalidwe amene tikudziwa, alibe hardware wapadera kudziwa ndi younikira mipherezero pansi, zomwe kachiwiri amachepetsa mwayi kumenya yochepa. Ambiri, si mlandu okonza: zida poyamba ofanana mu ndegeyo anali, koma inachotsedwa pa ntchito yomanga pempho Pentagon, pamene mtengo wa pulogalamu kwambiri kuchokera lonse. Kwa ulemerero wa akatswiri a "Lockheed Martin," Ine ndiyenera kunena kuti osachepera zida zofunikira mwatsatanetsatane mabomba, iwo anali wokhoza kusunga. Choncho, pa ndege, pali zosankha zofunika zonse, zimene tiyeni inu mwamsanga ndipo popanda kutaya chilichonse koma kofunika kulumikiza adakwera zipangizo, ngati ndidzakupatsani mabwana abwino.

Komabe, mpaka njira yoyamba ya kuwononga mipherezero pansi ndi chimodzimodzi ndi tatchulawa mabomba GPS, amene Mwachangu mkulu, koma pamene ntchito ndi zinthu n'kupuma. Ambiri, izi ndi chifukwa chake "Raptors" sanatenge gawo mu US ntchito asilikali Afghanistan ali yemweyo. Ndani kuti andipeze pa GPS? Momwemonso pachifukwa ichi ku America okhala ndi amaima apobe akale F 16, ndi m'malo okwanira amene alibe.

Nthawi zambiri chifukwa cha nkhondo ya ku Iraq, pamene asilikali US anakumana mdani kwambiri kapena zochepa kwambiri amene anali ndege, anapempha mfundo imodzi yokha: ntchito F 22 nkhondo ndi mayiko a World Chachitatu - kumapeputsa zamkhutu. Penyani ndege ya ndege pafupifupi kuposa angapo zaka F-15, amene bwino kuchita ntchito yomweyo.

Woyendetsa dongosolo moyo thandizo

Zingaoneke kuti US Air Force analandira galimoto, yomwe ndi ya absurdities luso. Mfundo maziko maganizo ndi Komatu, njira imeneyi yophatikiza umisiri ambiri patsogolo. Ndizo basi ali ndi "yaiwisi", kuti ubwino onse anapatsidwa - kanthu mu nkhope mavuto omwe anali atalemba. Zatsopano ndi zovuta, mtengo ndi capricious mu debugging. Imodzi mwa njira yopambana chabwino ndi wapadera suti woyendetsa moyo thandizo. Ndipotu, "suti" mu zovuta chimaposa spacesuit.

dongosolo ndi zapamwamba kuti ali ndi ntchito ntchito kutali kompyuta zofooka. Ngati sichitha, pali njira ya kusinthitsa Buku ulamuliro Buku (tsopano lophimba ndiye kuti basi). Koma kale mu mayeso oyamba nkhondo mayunitsi oyendetsa bwana anali kutenga ambiri malipoti ochokera oyendetsa zopempha ndikasendeza iwo m'ma Lockheed Boeing F 22 Raptor chinachake yoyenera kwambiri. chakuti polowera ndi kubwereketsa wa Papayu ndi zimamuchulukira amphamvu a ndege onsewa pachimake anoxia, pafupi kukomoka. Ndiye ogwira asilikali sanali angagwirizanitse madandaulo aliyense kufunika. Ndi kokha mu 2010, kamodzi woyendetsa chinali "chofooka" ndiponso kungoti anakomoka mu derivation a "Raptor" wa kukhotetsa. Chifukwa, galimoto inaonongeka, munthu anaphedwa.

Iwo kenako anatuluka kuti dongosolo magazi ndi kumaliseche mpweya suti woyendetsa ndi bwino anakamba. More ndendende, "Khimich" vavu: chifukwa cha mpweya nthawi yake kuti kukhetsedwa mwazi bwino lomwe ntchito kuchepa, ndi chifukwa chakuti anthu Kungoti cholizira kuthamanga owonjezera. Ndipo zimamuchulukira anali wamphamvu kwambiri moti ngakhale wothinikizidwa m'mapapo alveoli. Chifukwa, zana ndi makumi asanu magalimoto amene anali pa nthawi mmaudindo, anali mwachangu kachiwiri Konzekeretsani. Kuposa chaka "Raptor" kunali koletsedwa kukwera mamita oposa zikwi zisanu (ndi denga la 20 miliyoni).

phunziro

Akukhulupirira kuti chibwenzi, galimoto zikuwoneka adzathedwa chikhalidwe komaliza. Koma funso wotseguka - kodi ndalama kwambiri pa chitukuko cha ndege imeneyi. Hypothetically womenya wangwiro akhoza m'malo ndi ndege m'badwo 4 ++, ndi kuukira pa Pentagon ndi mwai musayese kumbukirani kamodzinso.

Komabe, sitiyenera kudzinyenga: phunziro zosasangalatsa America anaphunzira sanali oipa. Pamene F 35 kamangidwe, maneuverability anaganiza nsembe mokomera chozemba. Mayiwo kenako amenewa abwino makhalidwe ntchito sali choncho singasiyanitsidwe mkulu ntchito RF chizindikiro kupezeka. Komabe, nthawi imeneyi Achimereka anabwera kwa mafupa okhaokha ena, koma funso tsopano si kuti ... Pomaliza, Ndikufuna kuti tsopano zonse anayesedwa Pak-FA wathu. Ambiri mwina, okonza athu anatha kuganizira zimene zinachitikira zoipa anzawo kunja chodziwikiratu kubwereza zolakwa zawo.

Kuyenera anatsindika kuti ngakhale zolakwa zake zonse, womenya F 22 "Raptor" - mwina yekha Western ndege, wokhoza kuchita wotchuka 'mamba Pugachev ". Ndipo ichi ndi chizindikiro choipa kwambiri, kusonyeza maneuverability mkulu wa makina, zomwe amatha kupikisana pa mawu ofanana ndi Lamulungu 37 ndipo kenako zitsanzo zathu.

specifications Basic

• Total airframe kutalika - 18,9 m.
• Full pazipita nduna kutalika - 5,09 m.
• Onse wingspan - 13,56 m.
• Gross padziko dera la mapiko a - 78,04 m.
• Kulemera yotsitsa ndege - 19 mpaka 700 makilogalamu.
• Kuchepetsa zofunika kulemera - makilogalamu 38000.
• Area kupezeka - 0.3-0.4 sq. m.
• Kukankhira Ndodo injini - 2 × 15.876 kgf.
• The pazipita zotheka liwiro - 2700 Km / h.
• Liwiro mu mode wabwinobwino, popanda afterburner - 2410 Km / h.
• The pazipita chovomerezeka liwiro pa mlingo nyanja - 1490 Km / h.
• The utali wozungulira ntchito nkhondowo - 760 Km.
• The pazipita kukwaniritsa okwera - mamita 20,000.
• Zimamuchulukira pa mathamangitsidwe - 9 g.
• The armament yaikulu ya F 22 "Raptor" - 20 mm basi mfuti, miyala eyiti "mpweya ndi mpweya" kapena mabomba sikisi "wochenjera" kapena osakaniza zace.

Kutumidwa chinachitika mu 2005. Total kupanga 187 ndege. Anataya omenyana asanu.

Pomaliza, Ndikufuna kutsindika kamodzinso kuti "Raptor" - chitsanzo changwiro cha kulima zoipa zimene kwakukulukulu amafalitsa yemweyo US asilikali. Inde, ndegeyo kwambiri za mavuto a dongosolo la zachuma, zimene Pentagon tcheru ambiri sangathe kulipira. Koma kwa mfundo luso view, galimoto inali yabwino kwambiri. The kokha drawback weniweni - chosowa kwambiri Mipikisano tasking.

Mipherezero Ground womenya F 22 "Raptor" ntchito pafupifupi sitingakhoze, mphamvu ya mabomba atatu kapena anayi kosadziwika. Koma ndege zabwino ndithudi, ngakhale mu mchitidwe umenewu sichinayambe anatsimikizira mu mawu amachitira ndi omenyana mdani.

Mwa njira, kwathu T-50 alinso yekha chatsekedwa zida mkati Bay, ndi nkhani pamaso pa zida kunja thupi si ... Kotero ife ndi US m'badwo wachisanu womenya ndi bwino ofanana ndi mzake. Mwina kuti nkhondowo mayeso a maluso awo sati ikuchitika. Komanso, kumvera zonse luso "Raptor" sitiyenera kuiwala kuti gawo mpweya ano nkhondowo mkango wa bwino - kugwiritsa ntchito mabomba ano. Ndi iwo, Achimereka chabwino.

Pomaliza, yaikulu mapulogalamu kuphatikiza kwa F-22 ndi F 35 (kwa US, kumene) - Movement sayansi ndi kuthamanga luso zatsopano. M'banja Lamulungu 47 "Berkut" analenga ndiponso kuyendetsedwa ndi zolinga zofanana.