Kodi mpiru mafuta?

Nkhondo - nthawizonse lowopsya ndi lowopsya. Koma ena mwa zida ndi wankhanza moti lamulo loletsa misonkhano akanakhalapo mayiko m'munda wa nkhondo. Dama mpweya mpiru, lodziwika m'mwamba mpiru.

maonekedwe ndi mankhwala

Izi wothandizila mankhwala ali chilinganizo (cl-CH ₂ CH ₂₎ 2S. Mpiru chikukhudza vesicatory kwathunthu kuwononga mapapo ndi inhalation ngakhale ndalama zochepa mpweya. Mwangwiro alowa m'thupi kudzera pakhungu, mphira masks muyezo ndi permeable.

thunthu alibe mtundu, koma nthawi zina akuwonetseredwa pang'ono chikasu kapena Kamaoneka kum'chitira. Akukhulupirira kuti mpiru afika dzina la fungo achilendo ofanana ndi kafungo ka mbewu yatsopano ya zomera, koma ochepa opulumuka zambiri kumbukirani za fungo la horseradish.

"Ubatizo wa moto"

Woyamba wolembedwa nkhondowo ntchito mu First World nkhondo, pamene mbali German zipolopolo zipolopolo ndi mpiru mafuta mphamvu Russian. Izo zinachitika pa mudzi wa Ypres (Belgium) mu 1917.

Pankhani ya ntchito woyamba nkhondowo poyizoni anamuchita anthu za 2.5 zikwi, ndi 87 a iwo anafa. English sayansi msanga amatha kupanga mpiru mafuta panyumba kupanga ake anali kupeza chaka chimodzi chokha, ndipo patangopita miyezi iwiri armistice anali anasaina.

Onani kuti World Choyamba anadziwika monga nthawi imene wothandizila poizoni ntchito zedi yaikulu. Ngakhale nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse anakhala zochepa kwambiri. Tangoganizani mu zaka zochepa chabe mwa ntchito mpiru mafuta pa mitu ya asilikali unatsanuliridwa pafupifupi 12 miliyoni matani zoipa zimenezi! poyizoni aakulu alandira anthu 400 sauzande.

N'chifukwa chiyani yoopsa

thunthu pomwepo yotengedwa ndi mbiri zoipa kwambiri ngakhale pakati pa asilikali a German. Yambani ndi chakuti mpiru mpweya (pamaso pa kusintha kwa boma gaseous, kumene) pang'onopang'ono ukuphwera. Dera, omwe kachilombo masiku ochepa ndi kumapha zamoyo zonse.

Koma kwambiri ndi mmene ali pa thupi la munthu.

zotsatira chidwi

Popeza mpiru mafuta ali chithuza wothandizira, ndi chiphaso woyamba adjudged khungu. Pa khungu mwamsanga anapanga thovu yaikulu wodzazidwa ndi ichor chikasu ndi mafinya. bwanji anthu kupita wosaona, mwaona kuchuluka lacrimation, hypersalivation (kuchuluka salivation), komanso ululu sinuses lapansi. Pambuyo kukhudzana ndi kupezeka kwa nkhani particulate kapepala kakuti m'mimba kukhala aakulu m'mimba, kunyansidwa komanso cramping mmimba.

Mpiru mafuta ndi sioneka kwambiri ndi chakuti ngakhale pamene ingested zizindikiro zake mlingo pakati kumachitika maola pokhapokha 12 kapena ngakhale tsiku ina. Ngati ndende ndi nthawi yopeza apamwamba, mawonetseredwe anamuona pa maola angapo.

CHITSANZO nkhondowo mogwira

English White Major General mu 1918 anali limodzi ndi gulu la asilikali anavulazidwa ndi kuvulaza ku mpiru mu sitima kuchipatala. Kufika pa siteshoni lotsatira, iwo anali kunyamula mtanda wina wa asilikali ovulala. M'modzi wa asilikari anaona kuti aiwala katundu amene anakhudzidwa amene anali zoyang'anira mu kabokosi kachikopa pa nsanja. Iye mopupuluma anatenga izo, ndipo kenako n'kupachikidwa mu chipinda yake ndipo anapita kukagona.

Mwamwayi, unakhalabe angapo madontho wothandizila mankhwala pa mulanduwo. Usiku iwo mbisoweka. Ngakhale zili choncho zonyozeka mlingo zokwanira kwa msilikali zinawonongeka kwambiri m'maso. Mwamwayi, iye anatha kuchiza, koma anatenga atatu (!) Miyezi. Tangoganizani kuchokera angapo madontho a munthu kuchokera kanthu kwa miyezi ingapo. Zimene timalankhula pamene asilikali anapezeka pakati ...

omwalira

Akukhulupirira kuti mpiru mpweya (sulfure mpiru) zotsatira osati 100% ya zina, imfa. Nthawi zambiri amakhala atachira, ngakhale kuti amatenga nthawi yaitali kwambiri. Komabe, "kuchira" akhoza kutchedwa Tambasula, popeza kuti anthu ambiri ali ndi zipsera zikuluzikulu pa moyo wake wonse. Mbali yaikulu ya bwanji posachedwa anakumana ndi vuto mwadzidzidzi matenda aakulu.

Ngati awiri mpiru mafuta ngakhale woipa mphindi kulowa mu thupi la mkazi wapakati, ndiye (kupatulapo nthawi ina), ndi pafupifupi mwayi 100% kubereka mwana ndi nthenda ya kumtundu, kuperewera pa chitukuko maganizo ndi thupi.

Abscesses, amene anapanga mu khungu anthu chifukwa cha kukhudzana kwa mpiru mafuta, asonyezedwa kwambiri, zoipa kwambiri. Opulumuka kaŵirikaŵiri kudulapo nthambi zinkakhala ngati yaikulu zilonda zamafinya zinangoti anayamba zikubwezeretsa chitukuko cha chilonda, chiphe munthu malonda thupi kuwonongeka.

Pankhani ya inhalation ya mpiru nthunzi ndi pafupifupi nthawi zonse munthu amafa (90%), chifukwa mapapo ali decomposed pafupifupi yomweyo, koma ngati munthu adzapulumuka, ndiye ena onse a moyo wolemala.

Zinthu zokhudza Mwachangu ya mpiru

Nthawi yomweyo pambuyo chiyambi cha ntchito ya mpiru mafuta amanena kuti bwino kwambiri iyo imagwira ntchito yotentha ndi youma. chifukwa ndi lophweka: pa kutentha mlingo evaporation wa wothandizila nkhondo mpweya ndasintha, ndi chitungu khungu kwambiri osatetezeka kwambiri poizoni.

Pa kutentha madigiri 14 Celsius mpiru msanga amaundana. Mwatsoka, zina posachedwapa wapadera yapangidwa, amene kuwonjezera wothandizila mankhwala zimakhala zambiri khola. Komanso, kukana kuti kuzizira ukuwonjezeka kuti angagwiritsidwe ntchito ngakhale mu nyengo yozizira kwambiri.

Makamaka, patangotsala chiletso udaikidwa mpiru kusakaniza zimene zimathandiza inu bwinobwino ntchito ngakhale mu Arctic. Limagwirira kanthu ndi losavuta: zipolopolo mpweya wa poizoni kuti amaphulika, ndiye ting'onoting'ono poizoni madontho kukhazikika pa zovala ndi zida za mdani. Anthu amabwera mu kwambiri kapena zochepa chipinda ofunda, iye akuyamba mofulumira asanduke nthunzi mofulumira ndi chifukwa poizoni.

Popeza kuti mpiru mafuta ndi 1 World akadali poizoni, zakhudzana mtunda m'madera ozizira Nthawi zambiri kukhala oopsa kwa zaka zambiri.

The zotsatirapo zokhalitsa

Kalanga, ngakhale pa poyizoni izi zotsatira za mpiru mafuta sikuthetsa kumeneko. chakuti mankhwala chakupha ziri kuwononga DNA anthu. Asilikali, kuukiridwa mankhwala pa Ypres, osati anaipha iyo. Ena a iwo anabwerera kunyumba, ambiri a iwo anali wa zaka ubereki. Chiwerengero cha deformities ndi matenda maselo a ana ndi adzukulu Nthawi zambiri kuposa zizindikiro mwachizolowezi.

Mpiru mafuta - ndi carcinogen amphamvu ndi mutagen. Pa Ypres, komwe poyamba ntchito, komabe pali kochulukira zochitika khansa.

udindo Current

Monga tanena kale, zotsatira za ntchito ya mpiru mafuta ndi wodabwa anthu padziko lonse, kuti mu zaka anayamba anamva mawu a kuletsedwa kotheratu. nkhaniyi analeredwa ndi League of Nations, ndi UN, amene wakhala m'malo ake. Ndi pokhapokha wosatha malamulo squabbling atayamba kale WWII, ndiyeno nkutenga zochita zoyenera mobwerezabwereza chawonongera.

Izo zinali kokha mu 1993, pambuyo pafupifupi zaka 100 yoyamba nkhondowo ntchito ya mpiru mafuta, iye, monga ena onse wothandizila nkhondo mankhwala, kwathunthu yoletsedwa. Panopa padziko lonse akhala ya zida za mankhwala kuwataya. Makamaka, osati kale litali, m'dera la Syria anasiya otsiriza mpiru mafuta. Chiphe posachedwapa kwathunthu redesigned.