Kuyeza zida: Chepetsani kutalika kwa miyeso ndege kufanana

Base mzere muyeso mu gawo lililonse mafakitale - kumapeto miyeso ndege yomweyi kutalika (KMD). Iwo ntchito kusunga m'litali ndi kubwezeretsa ake unit. Komanso kuyesa zipangizo muyeso ndi calibration awo ndi zeroing pa zipangizo, kufala kukula kwa zoikamo chofunika akhale zamitundu zachilengedwe n'zotsimikizira m'madera osiyanasiyana. Ya miyeso ndege kufanana mapeto a kutalika limalola ntchito yolemba chizindikiro mwandondomeko kwambiri ndi kusintha kwa makina. Ntchito yaikulu ya CMD amati kusunga umodzi wa ntchito m'mafakitale zosiyanasiyana.

mfundo zofunika

Zida ntchito ngati muyeso mu makampani mafakitale, mabungwe kapena ntchito kukonza ayenera nthawi (mwadongosolo) anayesedwa olondola. Mwachibadwa, sikutheka kupulumutsa yachinsinsi kwa kuyeza zida ndi mafakitale osiyana mabungwe kumene kukula Buku anayikidwa.

njirayi sukupita kunja kwa ogwira lolani miyezo mapeto a kutalika (ndege kufanana). Iwo ndi chitsanzo njila muyezo wa utali. Kunja, chipangizo amaoneka ngati parallelepiped kapena yamphamvu ndi wowerengedwa kukula aikidwa pakati pa ndege muyeso.

Cholinga chachikulu cha matailosi Johanson - woyezera kutalika kuteteza ndi kutengerapo. Malire ndege ntchito m'litali mwa calibration, yotsimikiza ndi / kapena sizing pa zipangizo zosiyanasiyana chingwe (n'zotsimikizira micrometer sine bala chizindikiro ndi zina zotero.), Pamene komanso zida kupanga kulamulira ndi zidindo.

Ngati zaka zana zapitazo

miyeso mapeto a kutalika anali woyamba chopangidwa ndi kampani Swiss "Johanson". Zopangidwa ndi zitsulo mu mawonekedwe a parallelepipeds amakona anayi, iwo anawonekera pa Paris World Exhibition mu 1900. Chifukwa kampani zotsimikizira amatchedwa "matailosi Johanson" yaitali limodzi mapeto muyeso kutalika (ndege kufanana). kungoti "matailosi" Patapita kanthawi, iwo akhala.

Mu Soviet Union KMD choyamba anamasulidwa pa Sestroretsk ndi Tula ayenga. Zino iwo anali anapezerapo pa "Red toolmaker" mu Kirov ndi Moscow "likungosonyeza" pa chiyambi cha 30s lapansi.

Masiku ano, mkubwela kwa contactless interferometers laser, zida zamagetsi choyezera, kuleza m'litali, makina kuti kuyeza ntchito mfundo altimeters ndi zipangizo zina bwino ntchito muyeso, cholinga ndi ntchito CMD akhala akukonza ndi kusintha kwambiri. Komabe, waukulu, zofunika khalidwe - kukula kwa zinthu chonyamulira - akadali irreplaceable. Izi ngakhale ambiri patsogolo njira kuwala ndi zipangizo kwa miyezo zolondola.

Ndege osachiritsika amaona kutalika (Johanson matailosi) opangidwa ndi miyeso kuti pakati pa muyeso ndege ali ku 0,5 kuti 1000 mm. Ngati zingatheke, kuchuluka mwachisawawa si ataphimbidwa ndi muyezo kutalika kwa matailosi ndi zofanana mapeto miyeso akukuta kutalika kwa wina ndi nzake kuti anaima kukula. Akukuta Padzakhala pamaso pa guluu wolimba wa matailosi (ie, iwo alibe usathe).

Kuyambira amapangidwa

Today osachiritsika amaona kutalika (kufanana mbale) anasungunuka aloyi zitsulo. Komanso, iwo anapanga ziwiya zadothi ndi kasakaniza wazitsulo zovuta.

zitsulo CMD

Utali miyeso zopangidwa ndi zitsulo Mwachitsanzo chromium, ndi bwino akukhatira kuyeza kali ndi poyimitsa nkhani ndi njira zina. Iwo ali okongola cholimba ntchito pamalo, lomwe limafotokoza chodziwa moyo utumiki.

Zitsulo muyeso kwenikweni kuzimitsidwa kenako chongopeka zaka, kupanga n'zotheka kukhalabe kukula yolondola durables. Kuuma padziko mwa machitidwe a zitsulo mipiringidzo Johanson - nthawizonse osachepera 800 HV.

The kuipa makamaka tcheru ndi kuvala wa pamalo ntchito, zimakhalapo ndi dzimbiri zotheka. Patsogolo ntchito ndi PKMD nawo kuchotsa lubricant zoteteza, ndipo pambuyo pogwira ntchito kachiwiri umagwiritsidwa ntchito. zoyezera kutalika (ndege kufanana mapeto), GOST anaphimba kokha zopangidwa ndi zitsulo, timakhala kusintha kutentha, kuphatikizapo kutentha manja woyendetsa a.

Wa KMD ulemerero hardmetals

Matailosi a fusible tungsten carbide mphamvu zitsulo tenfold. Kuwonjezera kuti ali ndi abradability wangwiro. Kuuma padziko mwa machitidwe a miyezo manowa carbide pafupifupi kawiri (1400 HV) Malimbidwe wa pamwamba pa matailosi zitsulo. The kusoŵa - kwambiri kulemera. Choncho, kuchokera carbide ndi kukathera zosatheka kusonkhanitsa midadada ntchito ndi miyeso lalikulu.

Ndege osachiritsika amaona kutalika (Johanson matailosi) anapanga ziwiya zadothi zirconia ndi ambiri kugonjetsedwa ndi kukanda ndipo avale padziko ntchito. Ceramic, monga amadziwika, ndi sanali zikuwononga, ndipo motero, pa mbale wa ziwiya zadothi zirconia ali manja palibe chikoka chinyezi woyendetsa a (monga kuyenera carbide ndi zitsulo). Mu miyeso kutalika kwa chuma ndi wamkulu bata ndi utumiki yaitali moyo umene limachititsa kuwonjezera nthawi ya pakati verifications.

CMD wa ziwiya zadothi si nyese, sikutanthauza wapadera chitetezo odana ndi dzimbiri ndipo si kukopa fumbi. Ndipo iwo ali wokhazikika ndi akukhalabe kukula kwa nthawi yaitali.

kusanthula zinasonyeza kuti zitsulo ndi miyeso ceramic ali pafupi mtengo matenthedwe koyefishienti cha kuwonjezedwa liniya. chizindikiro Zimenezi zimathandiza KMD kuika zidutswa za matailosi ceramic ndi zitsulo, zomwe zimachititsa zimene zinthuzi kwathunthu mosinthana.

galasi CMD

Pangani miyeso mapeto a m'litali ndi la galasi. Iwo ntchito kutsimikizira calibration wa flatness ndi abradability. Komanso poona flatness yeniyeni pamalo ntchito Mwachitsanzo, struts podyerapo. Inakhazikitsa galasi KMD awiri a 50 75 mm, flatness wa zosakwana 0,125 mamilimita ndi 15-20 mamilimita wandiweyani.

Kodi ichi chimagwira ntchito

Kufala ndi kusunga kukula enieni pogwiritsa ntchito ndege kufanana mapeto kutalika amatenga motere.

The zida wapadera kuona miyeso onani akudutsa woyamba kumaliseche mapeto a masitepe chabwino.

The miyeso osachiritsika kutalika (kufanana mbale) ndi chitsimikizo matailosi molondola apamwamba, zasungidwa basi mu zipinda zasayansi Gosstandard. Zomera mafakitale, malingana ndi zofunikira za mfundo zolondola ndi mankhwala, ntchito matailosi kuchokera wachiwiri kwa malo wachisanu. Zimafalitsa kukula enieni - ndi nthawi yerekezerani matailosi kumaliseche woyamba ndi matailosi a kumaliseche wachiwiri. Ndiye otsiriza - kuchokera matailosi mlingo wachitatu ndi zina pamodzi dera la. Choncho, zomera mafakitale anayesedwa zipangizo zonse kuyeza, kuyambira ndi yeniyeni ndi akhakula kuwamaliza. Zotsatira za verifications izi, tidzakwatulidwa adalowa pasipoti aliyense chida.

akukuta KMD

Akukuta ndi zonse kuthetsa zoyezera kutalika imatengedwa kuti ndi zotsatira coalescence a matailosi awiri. Ndege osachiritsika amaona kutalika kupukutidwa kuti zotsalira za mpweya achotsedwa ndi kaphatikizidwe iwo, ndipo iwo okha amakhudza kuthamanga mumlengalenga. Mavuto padziko otsala m'malovu amadzimadzi ankatenthetsa lubricant ndi zimene zimachitika pakati pa mamolekyulu nkhani imene matailosi, ndi kuonjezera mphamvu compressive.

Ngati mapeto miyeso ndege yomweyi kutalika opukutidwa, iwo mwangwiro kusintha maganizo. Izi miyeso luso matailosi kutalika imatengedwa lamulo. Imfa ya muyeso khalidwe ndi kuvala pamwamba.

Chalk Amafuna

Pakuti kusonkhanitsa matailosi mu midadada KMD ndi kulimbikitsa iwo pofuna chomasuka ntchito ntchito ya Chalk kuti miyeso ndege kufanana mapeto a m'litali. Izo ntchito ambiri zokwanira. Chalk, monga ofunika kwambiri poona kapena atakhala kukula kwa zipangizo zosiyanasiyana chingwe. Kungakhale micrometer ndi chizindikiro callipers, gauges, etc.

The zida zikuphatikizapo laterals zofunika zamitundu yosiyanasiyana, amene amapanga zotheka kuti agwire miyeso onse mkati ndi kunja. Zimenezi n'zofunika kwambiri makamaka mu linanena bungwe la mkulu mwatsatanetsatane angapo ang'onoang'ono. Pankhaniyi, Chalk ayenera anayamba kukula pazipita mankhwala alipo ndi osachepera. Ndiko kuti, ntchito ngati n'zotsimikizira iwiri amaganiza ndi m'kupita mbali ndi kuwoloka.

Pakuti kulemba ntchito ntchito zoikika zina za chikhomo, kumene amagwira chofukizira kwa miyezo enieni kwambiri.

Komanso, gulu zikuphatikizapo: pogona, laterals ndege kufanana ndi yokhota kumapeto, atatu konsekonse mzere, mmbali ndi pakati mlembi, m'munsi, crackers ndi probes. Recent athe kudziwa kusiyana kali ndi akukhatira. Probes - ndi zitsulo mbale, kukula osachepera - 0,02 mm, pazipita - 1.0 mm. Panopa mmene anawasiyanitsira iwo kudzera mamilimita 0.01 ndi 0,05 mm.

Ntchito kafukufuku kudziwa kukula kwa kusiyana, muyenera kuika pakati pamalo a. Kafukufuku kuyenera ndi chidwi ndi nkhani Ayi kumira ndipo safuna kuwasuntha momasuka. Pa Uwerenge makulidwe a kafukufuku, m'gulu kusiyana kwathunthu, ndipo chimafotokozera ukulu wake.

Calibration ndi Yotsimikiza KMD

Ndege osachiritsika amaona kutalika n'kofunika kwambiri mu masanjidwe unyolo kutengerapo kukula kwa nyemba kutalika (mita): ali khola chonyamulira zinthu zonse kukula.

Posamutsa mita Buku amene m'munsi ndi funde kutalika kuwala, pa miyeso Buku osachiritsika kutalika chimadutsa miyezo kwambiri kusokonezedwa. Choncho, muyezo muyeso wa m'litali, yoperekedwa kwa kalasi C. Komanso, malinga ndi dera la calibration, ndi kunditumiza ku njira zina.

Mogwirizana ndi cholinga chachikulu cha KMD (kuonetsetsa muyeso ndi kufala kwa miyeso muyezo kutalika) lakonzedwa calibration chiwembu. Zolinga zofanana kubala miyeso yaitali mosiyanasiyana molondola tithe ndi makalasi. Calibration ya miyeso kutalika (osatha, ndege kufanana) chimafikira zipangizo zapadera.

Woyambirira wa iwo mwapadera anatulukira micrometer. Iye anali wolemekezeka ndi lolondola mkulu. Ngakhale patapita zaka zambiri, bwino zipangizo. Lero, iwo kupereka zotsatira za mwatsatanetsatane apamwamba osatinso m'chipani. Laboratories ambiri zida kuyezetsa. Komanso, KMD mosavuta kutsimikizira owonjezekera inductive ndi photoelectric comparators amene ali ankalamulira. Ndi njira kukwaniritsa miyezo pa zipangizozi kwa nthawi yaitali ntchito. The ntchito njira imeneyi ndiye kuti musinthe ndi calibration dera zoyezera kutalika. Pang'ono olakwika ankaona kukwera mitengo zipangizo ndi zofuna okwera pa luso akatswiri adagwira ntchito nawo pamodzi. Ndi cholakwika. Ndi ang'onoang'ono kwambiri motero kuti pa zipangizo zina miyezo recheck yovuta mokwanira.

Njira yaikulu ya yachinsinsi

Njira yachinsinsi, pali anayi:

- sitipereka muyeso akonzedwa phindu.

- miyezo Direct anapatsidwa phindu.

- Kuyerekezera ndi nkhani ya comparator lapansi.

- Kuyerekezera mwachindunji ndi muyezo.