Kodi chimphepo? A chimphepochi otentha cha Kumwera kwa dziko lapansi. Mphepo yamkuntho ndi anticyclones - makhalidwe ndi maina

Kodi chimphepo? Pafupifupi aliyense ali ndi chidwi nyengo - zikuwoneka Zoneneratu malipoti. Koma nthawi zambiri akumva zowononga ndi anticyclones. anthu ambiri amadziwa kuti zinthuzo mumlengalenga ali mwachindunji ndi nyengo kunja. M'nkhani ino tidzayesetsa kuti adzaone zomwe iwo ali.

ndi chimphepochi Kodi

Chimphepo - woyendera nthambi otsika-kuthamanga, dongosolo yokutidwa ndi mphepo zozungulira. Mwachidule, ndi chachikulu lathyathyathya mumlengalenga mmene kanyamaka. Komanso, mpweya mizere yozungulira kuzungulira likulu pang'onopang'ono kuyandikira izo. chifukwa zodabwitsazi akuti ndi otsika magazi m'chigawo chapakati. Choncho, ofunda lonyowa mpweya misa akutsatiridwa m'mwamba ndi likuzungulira Chimphepochi (maso) a pakati. Izi zimapangitsa kudzikundikira mitambo mkulu osalimba. Mu ichi zone ponseponse mphepo yamphamvu, liwiro la angafikire 270 km / hr. Mu kumpoto kwa dziko lapansi mpweya kasinthasintha ndi counterclockwise ndi kupindika ena ku Limbe. Mu anticyclones M'malo mwake, mlengalenga wokhota mu mobwerera malangizo. A chimphepochi otentha cha Kumwera kwa dziko lapansi ntchito pafupifupi bwino. Komabe, malamulo anyamata. Mphepo yamkuntho akhoza kufika zamitundu yosiyanasiyana. awiri awo lalikulu kwambiri - mpaka makilomita zikwi zingapo. Mwachitsanzo, chimphepo chachikulu akhoza kuphimba kwathunthu ku Ulaya. Nthawi zambiri zinthu zimenezi mumlengalenga kwaiye mu malo ena m'mayiko ambirimbiri. Mwachitsanzo, chimphepo kum'mwera akubwera ku Ulaya Balkans; akuluakulu a Mediterranean, Black ndi Caspian Pacific.

Chimphepo mapangidwe limagwirira - gawo loyamba

ndi chimphepochi ndipo mmene anapanga chiani? Kutsogolo, i.e. mu mabacteria mgwirizano wa misa ofunda ndi ozizira mpweya uka ndi kukhala zowononga. Iwo anapanga chodabwitsa zachilengedwe pamene misa ozizira mpweya kumalo ozizira wakumana ndi unyinji wa ofunda, lonyowa. Pankhaniyi, ofunda misa mpweya kuthamangira zosiyanasiyana ozizira zimapezeka iwo chinachake monga chinenero. Chimenechi ndicho chiyambi cha kubadwa kwa chimphepochi. Kutsetsereka wachibale wina ndi mzake, izi mitsinje pa kutentha osiyana ndi machulukidwe mpweya kulenga yoweyula padziko kutsogolo, choncho pa mzere ambiri kutsogolo. Likukhalira mapangidwe chokhala ndi Arc concavity akukumana cha misa ofunda mpweya. gawo ake inali kutsogolo kwa kum'mawa kwa chimphepochi, ndi kutsogolo ofunda. Mbali ya kumadzulo umene uli kumbuyo mumlengalenga zochitika ndi ozizira kutsogolo. Mu imeneyi pakati pa iwo mu chimphepo zachilendo wabwino zone nyengo, zomwe zambiri kumatenga maola ochepa okha. Chotero kutsogolo mzere kuchimwa limodzi ndi kuchepa kwa kuthamanga pamwamba pa funde la.

chimphepochi Evolution: yachiwiri

Atmospheric chimphepochi akupitiriza kusintha kwinanso. Maziko yoweyula, kusuntha, monga ulamuliro, kum'mawa, kumpoto kum'mawa kapena kum'mwera chakum'mawa, pang'ono ndi pang'ono olumala. Language mpweya otentha likulowerera kumpoto zina, kupanga bwino chimatanthauza gawo ofunda ya chimphepo. Mu gawo kutsogolo kwa ofunda zithunzi mpweya misa pa chimfine ndi wandiweyani. Pamene kutukula condensation nthunzi komanso mapangidwe amphamvu cumulus mitambo ya mvula yomwe imatsogolera ku mpweya (mvula kapena chipale), amene watha yaitali. M'lifupi woyendera nthambi ya mpweya mazunzo zimachitika m'chilimwe 300 ndipo m'nyengo yozizira - 400 Km. Pa mtunda wa makilomita mazana angapo pamaso kutsogolo ofunda pa updraft pamwamba akafika msinkhu wa makilomita 10 ndipo zambiri, limene chinyezi condensation amapezeka kupanga timibulu ayezi. Awa, kupanga woyera feathery mitambo. Choncho n'zotheka iwo kulosera za njira ya ofunda kutsogolo chimphepochi.

Gawo lachitatu la mapangidwe zochitika mumlengalenga

Komanso mapangidwe a chimphepochi. Lonyowa ofunda mpweya otentha gawo kudutsa padziko yozizira ya Earth, ndipamene magawo otsika cloudiness, chifunga, drizzle. Pambuyo ndime ya kutsogolo ofunda akubwera mitambo ofunda ndi mphepo kum'mwera. Zizindikiro za kawirikawiri ndi maonekedwe a nkhungu ndi Chifunga. Ndiye akuyandikira kutsogolo ozizira. The ozizira mpweya wodutsa izo, amasambira pansi ofunda ndi amatulutsa izo pamwamba. Zimenezi zimabweretsa mapangidwe cumulonimbus. Iwo ndi chifukwa yamvumbi, thunderstorms, limodzi ndi mphepo yamphamvu. M'lifupi kutsogolo zone ozizira mpweya ndi 70 Km. Ndi nthawi abwera m'malo gawo kumbuyo kwa chimphepochi. Umabweretsa mphepo yamphamvu, mitambo cumulus ndi nyengo yozizira. Ndi nthawi, ozizira mpweya amakankhira kum'mawa ofunda. Pambuyo nyengo imene inali bwino.

Monga anapanga zowononga chachinayi gawo

Monga malowedwe a mpweya otentha mu chinenero ozizira a misa, ndi zambiri atazungulira misa ozizira mpweya, ndipo akukakamizidwa oposa. Iwo amalenga pakati pa chimphepochi malo otsika kuthamanga, komwe ozungulira misa mpweya mfulumira. Pamene iwo kutembenukira kauntala mobwerera kumpoto kwa dziko lapansi mchikakamizo cha kasinthasintha Dziko Lapansi. Monga tanena zowononga kum'mwera ndi mbali zosiyana za kasinthasintha wa misa mpweya. Chifukwa chakuti Earth akutembenukira nguli, mphepo si yalunjika likulu la chododometsa mumlengalenga, ndipo tangent kwa mozungulila iye. Mu njira ya chitukuko, ali kuzikonzanso chimphepochi.

Gawo lachisanu wa zamoyo wa chimphepochi

Kuli mpweya pa chodabwitsa mumlengalenga limayenda pa liwiro kuposa ofunda. Choncho, ozizira kutsogolo chimphepochi pang'onopang'ono merges ndi ofunda, kupanga otchedwa occlusion kutsogolo. Pa dziko lapansili pali salinso zone ofunda. Pali yekha ozizira misa mpweya.

mpweya otentha limatuluka oposa, kumene pang'onopang'ono utakhazikika ndi anamasulidwa ku m'matangadza chinyezi yomwe imagwa pansi mu mawonekedwe a mvula kapena chipale chofewa. Kusiyana kutentha pakati mpweya ozizira ndi ofunda pang'onopang'ono kusiyiratu. Choncho chimphepochi akuyamba kutha. Komabe, homogeneity wonse misa izi mpweya satero. Zotsatira zolongosoka chimphepochi pafupi kutsogolo pa Crest wa yoweyula latsopano chachiwiri akuwonekera. Izi zochitika mumlengalenga amachita zino, aliyense zotsatirazi kum'mwera ochepa a munthu m'mbuyomu. Kutalika kwa chimphepochi mmene kanyamaka zambiri kuwafika stratosphere, ndiko kuti, limatuluka ndi kutalika kwa 9-12 Km. Makamaka lalikulu angapezeke pa okwera 20-25 Km.

chimphepochi liwiro

Mphepo yamkuntho pafupifupi nthawi zonse zoyenda. Liwiro gulu akhoza kukhala osiyana kwambiri. Komabe, amachepetsa ndi kukalamba chododometsa mumlengalenga. Nthawi zambiri, iwo kuyenda pa liwiro la za 30-40 Km / h, kwa maola 24 kudutsa mtunda wa makilomita 1000-1500 kapena zambiri. Nthawi zina kuyenda pa liwiro la 70-80 kukafika pa ola napereka zambiri patsiku 1800-2000 Km. Ndi mayendedwe iyi chimphepochi, omwe tsopano othamanga m'dera la England, maola 24 kale kukhala m'dera la Leningrad ndi Belarus, kudzipheralo kusintha lakuthwa mu nyengo. Pa zochitika mumlengalenga kuthamanga imagwera monga likulu chiyerekezo. Pali maina osiyanasiyana zowononga ndi mphepo. Mmodzi wa anthu otchuka kwambiri ndi "Katrina", chimene chinapangitsa kuwononga kwambiri ku United States.

amadzibisa mumlengalenga

Kodi chimphepochi, ife kale anachita nawo. Kenako tikambirana za zigawo zawo structural - ndi amadzibisa mumlengalenga. Kodi amapanga misa yaikulu mpweya chinyezi mu chimphepochi kukwera mmwamba? Kuti tiyankhe funso limeneli, choyamba tifunika kudziŵa chimene chimapanga otchedwa amadzibisa mumlengalenga. Ife tanena kale kuti ofunda otentha mpweya chimachititsanso ku equator kwa mizati ndi njira zake akukumana misa ozizira mpweya wa M'madera a zitunda kotentha. Popeza katundu wa mpweya otentha ndi ozizira ni osiyana kwambili, ndi zachilengedwe owona m'makawundula awo mwina yomweyo kusakaniza. Mu malo ya msonkhano wa misa mpweya pa kutentha osiyana ukapezeka ndi kutchulidwa gulu - zoni kusintha pakati m'mbali kunja ndi katundu osiyana thupi, kumene mu meteorology otchedwa kutsogolo padziko. Zone kulekanitsa mpweya misa kotentha ndi otentha M'madera a zitunda, wotchedwa kutsogolo kumalo ozizira. A kutsogolo padziko pakati M'madera a zitunda lochepa Arctic otchedwa Arctic. Popeza kachulukidwe ku misa ofunda mpweya n'chochepa kuposa kuti kuzizira, kutsogolo ndi ndege okonda chimene nthawizonse akutsamira kwa zosiyanasiyana pansi ozizira ngodya yaing'ono kwambiri pamwamba. The mpweya wozizira kwambiri wandiweyani, pamene anakumana ndi zochangamutsa aukitsa lomaliza. Poganiza kutsogolo pakati pa misa mpweya, iwe uyenera nthawizonse kukumbukira kuti izi - pamwamba kungoganiza, mumbali pamwamba pansi. Mzere mumlengalenga kutsogolo, amene anapanga pa mphambano ya pamwamba ndi dziko lapansi, ndi chizindikiro mapu nyengo.

mkuntho

Ine ndikudabwa ngati alipo mu chikhalidwe cha chinachake chinthu chokongola monga mkuntho wa? Chotsani wopambana kumwamba pa bwino analengedwa ndi swirl amisala wa zigzags chinamulowerera mphezi, makoma Kumwamba awiri mwa phiri la Everest? Komabe, mavuto ambiri kuopseza kuti aliyense amene adzakhala pansi pa chitsime ...

Wochokera ku M'madera a zitunda kunyanja, chimphepo akuuzidwa kumadzulo, kenako (mu kumpoto kwa dziko lapansi) akutembenukira kwa kumpoto chakumadzulo, kumpoto kapena kumpoto kum'mawa. Ngakhale aliyense wa iwo motere chimodzimodzi njira ya kayendedwe ka wina, ambiri a iwo kuyendera ngodya yokhota amene ali ndi mawonekedwe a parabola a. chimphepo mofulumira amayamba malangizo kumpoto. Ngati pafupi equator ndi malangizo kumadzulo imakhudzidwa pa liwiro 17-20 Km / h, ndiye pambuyo ponditembenukira kumpoto liwiro awo angafikire 100 km / hr. Komabe, pali nthawi zina pamene mwadzidzidzi ananamiza Zoneneratu onse ndi ziwerengero, chimphepo chinachake kwathunthu kusiya liwiro misala patsogolo.

diso la mphepo yamkuntho ya

Maso ndi mbale ndi makoma otukukira kunja kwa mtambo umene pali mphepo ndi ofooka kapena mphepo. Thambo ndi bwino kapena pang'ono yokutidwa ndi mitambo. Anzanu nthawi 0,9 phindu yachibadwa. Mkuntho diso akhoza kukhala ndi kukula kwa makilomita 5 200 awiri, malingana siteji ya chitukuko. Achinyamata mphepo yamkuntho diso kukula 35-55 Km, pamene anayamba yafupika 18 Km s0. Chinthu attenuation Mkuntho diso kumawonjezera kachiwiri. The bwino kuti limanenedwa, wamphamvu kwambiri mkuntho. Chonchi mphepo yamkuntho mphepo ndi mphamvu pa malowa. Potseka utuluke onse padziko diso, mphepo kuzungulira pa liwiro mpaka 425 Km / h, pang'onopang'ono liwiro monga mtunda ku likulu.