Zotayidwa mtundu: mitundu, katundu ndi ntchito

Lero, zotayidwa ntchito mu pafupifupi onse mafakitale, kuyambira kupanga mbale chakudya, kutsiriza ndi chilengedwe cha fuselages la ndege la. Pakuti izi kapena njira zina opanga ali oyenera sukulu okha ena a zotayidwa amene enieni katundu physicochemical. The katundu waukulu wa zitsulo - mkulu matenthedwe madutsidwe, ductility, ndi plasticity, kukana dzimbiri, kulemera kuwala ndi otsika ohmic kukana. Iwo ali mu chiwerengero mwachindunji kwa anthu zosafunika mu kapangidwe kake, komanso luso kupanga kapena patsogolo. Choncho, lakutali lalikulu mtundu zotayidwa.

mitundu ya zotayidwa

zopangidwa onse achitsulo anafotokoza ndi m'gulu dongosolo limodzi miyezo ya dziko ndi mayiko anazindikira: European EN, American ASTM International ndi ISO. Mu dziko lathu la zotayidwa mtundu chimafotokozera GOST 11069 ndi 4784. Mu zolembedwa zonse zotayidwa ndi kasakaniza wazitsulo ake amaona mosiyana. Pamene zitsulo ili lokha lagawidwa sukulu ndi kasakaniza wazitsulo ndi mwachindunji kumatanthauza zizindikiro.

Malinga ndi mfundo dziko ndi maiko kapena kusiyanitsa mitundu iwiri microstructure unalloyed zotayidwa:

• chiyero mkulu ndi kuchuluka koposa 99,95%;
• kalasi luso, munali 1% zosafunika ndi zina.

Ngati zosafunika chitsulo ndi pakachitsulo mankhwala ankaona zambiri. Mu mayiko ISO muyezo zotayidwa ndi kasakaniza wazitsulo ake allocated kwambiri osiyana.

mtundu zotayidwa

mtundu luso zinthu lagawidwa sukulu ina amene amapatsidwa kwa mfundo lolingana, mwachitsanzo AD0 malinga GOST 4784-97. Mu gulu kumaphatikizapo zitsulo za mafurikwense mkulu Pofuna amasokoneza. mfundo imeneyi imaphatikizapo zopangidwa zotsatirazi:

1. Pulayimale (A5, A95, A7E).
2. Luso (AD1, AD000, Deuteronomo).
3. The deformable (AMg2, D1).
4. Foundry (VAL10M, AK12pch).
5. Pakuti deoxidizing zitsulo (AV86, AV97F).

Komanso kutali ndi ligatures siyana - zotayidwa mankhwala ntchito kubala kasakaniza wazitsulo wa golide, siliva, pulatinamu ndi miyala ina yamtengo wapatali.

zotayidwa chachikulu

Pulayimale zotayidwa (A5 chizindikiro) - Chitsanzo cha gulu limeneli. Chifukwa amapangidwa ndi zawachitikira aluminiyamu. Mu chikhalidwe, zitsulo mu maonekedwe ake angwiro sadzafika chifukwa cha reactivity ake okwezeka. Kulumikiza ndi zinthu zina, ndipamene bauxites, nepheline ndi alunite. Kenako, ores awa aluminiyamu, ndipo kumeneko ndi thandizo la mankhwala komanso njira thupi - wangwiro zotayidwa.

GOST 11069 amakhazikitsa zofunika sukulu ya zotayidwa chachikulu, tisaiwale kuti kutsatira n'kupanga ofukula ndi yopingasa a mitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi atumwiwa. Nkhanizi wapeza ntchito ambiri kumabungwe patsogolo mafakitale, makamaka pamene zopangira amafuna makhalidwe mkulu luso.

zotayidwa luso

Luso otchedwa zinthu zotayidwa ndi kuchuluka nkhani yachilendo ya zosakwana 1%. Nthawi zambiri limatchedwanso undoped. Luso kalasi aluminiyamu GOST 4784-97 mphamvu otsika kwambiri koma zonyamula dzimbiri. Chifukwa sitili mu zikuchokera kwa alloying particles zitsulo padziko lapansi mofulumira anapanga okusayidi filimu zoteteza amene ali m'khola. Stamps osiyana luso zotayidwa ndi bwino matenthedwe ndi magetsi madutsidwe. Mu latisi awo maselo pafupifupi palibe zosafunika zomwe kumwaza ma elekitironi otaya. Chifukwa katundu izi, nkhani ankagwiritsa ntchito zipangizo, kupanga Kutentha ndi kutentha zida kuwombola, kuunikira nkhani.

Mundinyamule zotayidwa

Amatanthauza Mundinyamule zotayidwa zakuthupi, amene pansi otentha ndi ozizira ntchito: pakubwezeretsa, kukanikiza, kujambula ndi zina. Chifukwa, pulasitiki mapindikidwe zace analandira semifinished osiyana gawo kotenga: ndodo zotayidwa, pepala, Mzere, mbale, ndi mbiri za ena. Major mtundu deformable kugwiritsidwa ntchito pa ulimi zoweta zalembedwa mu malamulo: GOST 4784, OCT1 92014-90, OCT1 90048 ndi OCT1 90026. Mbali khalidwe la feedstock olumala ndi njira Chomangika ndi okhutira mkulu wa eutectic - madzi gawo amene ali mgwirizano ndi awiri kapena kuposa boma olimba.

Mbali deformable zotayidwa monga kumene ntchito zotayidwa ndodo, ndi yaikulu kwambiri. Izo ntchito m'madera zofuna mkulu makhalidwe luso nkhani - mu boat- ndi mpweya, ndi pa malo pomanga monga aloyi kuwotcherera.

zotayidwa foundry

Foundry kalasi zotayidwa ntchito yopanga nkhani mphako. Mbali yaikulu ndi osakaniza mphamvu mkulu yeniyeni ndi otsika kachulukidwe, amene amalola kuti aponye zinthu mosiyanasiyana zovuta popanda akulimbana.

Malinga ndi cholinga chake, zizindikiro akuponya anawagawa m'magulu:

1. zipangizo losindikizidwa (AL2, AL9, AL4M).
2. Zida ndi mphamvu yapamwamba ndi kutentha kukana (AL 19, AL5, AL33).
3. Zinthu ndi kukana mkulu dzimbiri.

Nthawi zambiri, ntchito mankhwala opangidwa ndi kuponyera zotayidwa kumapangitsanso zosiyanasiyana kutentha mankhwala.

Deoxidation zotayidwa

Amasokoneza chopangidwa ndi chikoka amene ali ndi thupi katundu wa zotayidwa. Ndipo ntchito zosiyanasiyana otsika kalasi zakuthupi si chilengedwe cha mankhwala wapakatikati. Nthawi zambiri ndi ntchito deoxidation wa zitsulo - kuchotsa mpweya kuchokera chitsulo chosungunuka amene kusungunuka ndi potero timapitiriza mawotchi katundu wa zitsulo. Angagwirire ntchitoyi, zofala kwambiri ntchito kalasi AV86 ndi AV97F.