Matenda a maluwa: momwe mungachitire?

Ngati mwasankha kubzala maluwa ku dacha, mungathe kuyamikiridwa. Izi ndi zabwino, maluwa ndi okongola modabwitsa. Koma musanayambe kubzala, muyenera kudziwa zambiri za matenda omwe amakhudzidwa ndi maluwa komanso tizirombo. Kuyenera kuwonjezeredwa kuti matenda ena amachokera ku chisamaliro chosayenera.

Kodi maluwa akuvutika ndi chiyani?

Mmodzi mwa owopsya komanso wamba amatha kutchedwa matenda a fungal a maluwa. Botritis, kapena kuvunda kwa imvi, ndi matenda aakulu kwambiri. Ndizoopsa chifukwa matendawa amakula mofulumira kwambiri pa mbande zonse. Pamakhala chinyezi, nkhungu zingathe kupha chomera masiku angapo chabe. Choyamba, masamba aang'ono otsika amakhudzidwa, ndiye matendawa amafalikira mpaka tsinde ndi masamba. Chipale chofewa chamadzi a maluwa amakhala otchuka kwambiri ndi botrytis.

Fusarium - matendawa amachititsa kuvunda kwa bulusi, pang'onopang'ono matendawa amaphimba ndi kuwononga zonsezo. Matendawa amapezeka kudzera ku maonekedwe a minofu (kutengedwa, monga lamulo, ndi mawotchi amatanthauza). Mafangayi angathe kulowa mkati mwa feteleza, pamodzi ndi manyowa osakonzedwa bwino. Pazirombo zabwino (chinyezi chakuda cha nthaka), bowa amatha kukhala pansi kwa zaka zingapo.

Zikuoneka kuti n'zosatheka kudziwa matendawa. Chomera chikupitiriza kukula ndikukula bwino. Mababu amenewa amafa m'nyengo yozizira, amawombera ndi kugwa.

Mtundu wa Fitium ndi wa buluu ndiwo matenda a maluwa, omwe amawonetseredwa mu kuvunda kwa mababu ndi mizu.

Mukawona kuti chomeracho chimayamba kuthamanga, mtundu wa masamba, maluwa amasintha, ndipo kakombo palokha satha kuyang'ana monga kukongoletsera monga kale, ndiye kuti maluwawo ali ndi matenda a tizilombo. Matenda a tizilombo a maluwa amakhudza maonekedwe a maluwa: pamasamba omwe amawonekera mawanga kapena mitsinje, chomeracho chimauma ndipo chimasiya kuphulika. Ngakhale zomvetsa chisoni zingakhale zomveka, mavairasi sangathe kuchiritsidwa, choncho zomera zoterezi ziyenera kuwonongedwa mwamsanga kuti zisawonongeke kufalikira kwa zikhalidwe zina.

Matenda a maluwa angabwere chifukwa cha kusowa kwazing'ono, madzi osakanikira m'nthaka, zomwe zimachititsa kuti mizu ikhale yovunda, ndipo zomera sichilandira zakudya zoyenera.

Zinthu zosasangalatsa za kukula kwa zomera zimakhudza maonekedwe awo. Kusintha mtundu wa masamba, dysplasia, chitukuko cha zomera - zonsezi ndi matenda a kakombo (zithunzi amawonetsedwa), zomwe zingathetsedwe ndikuthandiza zomera.

Tizilombo

Tizilombo toopsa, zomwe sizingaphonye mpata wowononga maonekedwe okongola a kakombo, ndithudi. Pali tizilombo zingapo za mtundu wina. Mwachitsanzo, kachilomboka kakombo ndi kofiira kwambiri kamene kamadya masamba a zomera. Mphutsi ya kachilomboka kamatha kuchoka kakombo pafupi ndi iwo.

Ntchentche zimakhala zoopsa chifukwa mphutsi zimayikidwa, ndipo zimalowa mu babu, zomwe zimachokera ku chiwonongekocho.

Lilia ikuuluka - mphutsi za tizilomboti, timakonda kudya mbali zochepa za masamba, ndipo zotsatira za zochita za tizirombozi zimawonekera pamene duwa likuphulika.

Ndipo, ndithudi, nsabwe za m'masamba, zomwe ndizoopsa chifukwa zimanyamula mavairasi omwe amachititsa matenda.

Nyongolotsi zonse za maluwa, ndi zinyama, zambiri zomwe sizingathetse mimba yawo ndi mababu okoma - zinthu zonsezi zimayenera kutetezedwa ndi zomera.

Pofuna kuteteza zomera kuti zisadwale, nthawi zonse ankawoneka zokongoletsera, ndikofunikira kusamalira zinthu zotere monga feteleza ndi kukonzekera kofunikira kuti athe kuchipatala ndi chitetezo.