Kuphulika ng'anjo

m'ng'anjo lakonzedwa kuti yopanga zitsulo nkhumba. choyamba anaonekera kwa zaka za m'ma XV. mu Europe. Mu Russia, woyamba kuphulika ng'anjo inamangidwa 1620 pafupi Tula. Pamenepo mafuta masitovu ngati anatumikira makala. Only patapita zaka (1709), English zatsopano Abraham Derby anakwanitsa kugwira kuphulika m'ng'anjo yadothi, m'malo makala pa coke, mwala ndi malasha.

Old zinachitikira kusintha chipangizo cha kuphulika ng'anjo, ndipo maonekedwe ake chiwembu yokha ironmaking. Koma ndizosowa sizinasinthe. Today kuphulika ng'anjo - dongosolo pafupifupi 30 mamita (kutalika zimasiyanasiyana ± 5 m). Kutalika kwa dongosolo lonse mwina upambana 80 m.

Kodi kuphulika ng'anjo?

Kudzera gawo chapamwamba (pakhosi) potsegula mlandu (agglomerate, pellets, zitsulo, miyala manganese, mafuta ndi fluxes). M'munsimu wanga, mbali yaikulu ya kuphulika ng'anjo, umene ndi phirilo flaring. Chifukwa Kukula n'kosavuta kupita pansi zipangizo olimba kuonjezera mphamvu mkangano. Ndi pansi pa kutsinde pafupi bosh (lonse, cylindrical). Chinali kusungunuka mlandu. Pakuti steamed, pansipa imakonzedwa mapewa anapangidwa mu mawonekedwe a chulucho truncated ndi pansi yafupika m'munsi. Chotero gawo mtanda ndi abwino kwambiri kucheperachepera voliyumu chifukwa limatsogolera zipangizo.

Mu nyanga cylindrical, mbali pansi pa mbiri ndi kuyaka wa coke ndi mankhwala madzi ati yadothi.

Horn kugawidwa m'magulu awiri: chapamwamba zone (tuyere) ndi kutsikira (metalopriemschik, mmene anasonkhana maphatikizidwe mankhwala). Moto otchedwa mmunsi mwa ng'anjo.

Zoni tuyere anakonza tuyere misonkhano, zimene zimalowa ndi kuphulika ng'anjo kuphulika (preheated mpweya). Ndi dera limeneli ndi udindo kuyatsa coke, kutentha pano kukula kwa makhalidwe awo pazipita - madigiri 2000. Pamwamba ng'anjo pamwamba kutentha n'chozama (mpaka madigiri 350).

Mu mmunsi mwa phiri wamangidwa chitsulo mphako, kujomba limatsogolera mankhwala - slag ndi chitsulo.

Poyamba ntchito slag wapampopi dzenje, koma mchitidwe wa zaka zotsiriza taonetsa kuti ndi bwino kuti kudutsa slag ndi chitsulo chosungunula mphako zitsulo, ndi kugawikana patsogolo mu ngalande yaikulu pafupi ndi ng'anjo.

Ndi uvuni abuts otchedwa kuponya nyumba kumene zipangizo ili disclosing taphole ndi kutseka pambuyo amasulidwe slag ndi chitsulo. Apa pali m'ngalande ndi ngalande, atsogoleri kusungunuka mankhwala mu ndowa.

Anamasulidwa uvuni mankhwala imatumizidwa wothamanga chachikulu, mmene chitsulo ndi wosiyana slag (kachulukidwe kusiyana). Kuchokera m'ngalande achoke ngalande ziwiri. Anamutumiza kuti slag, pa zina - chitsulo. Osewera chitsulo anazitsanulira mwa mitundu mosalekeza kusuntha (mtundu conveyor), pambuyo yozizira ndi njira zina kugubuduza chitsulo anatumiza kale mu magalimoto. Slag udzathiridwa mu dziwe, madzi utakhazikika ndi pelletized.

Aliyense kutalika ng'anjo limafanana ndi kutentha zina, ndendende chifukwa cha chitsulo ichi kusintha kwa ores ndi utuluke.

Mu mmunsi mwa ng'anjo kuyaka umaperekedwa okwanira kuchuluka kwa mpweya coke. Coke yoyaka yokonza mu carbon dioxide, amene amachitira ndi coke ndi kale akatembenuka mu mpweya monoxide. Komanso pali anachita pakati mpweya monoxide ndi oxides chitsulo. Kuchira amapezeka kuti zitsulo. Iron ladzala ndi mpweya ndi chitsulo analandira. Kupatula peresenti itatu kapena inayi ya mpweya mu aloyi ndi kupezeka kufanana zazing'ono manganese ndi pakachitsulo, sulfure ndi phosphorous.

Makamaka, kuphulika ng'anjo, mfundo ya omwe akufotokozedwa pano, tinganene kuti monga kupanga sanali zinyalala. Ndi-mankhwala zimachitika ndondomeko kupanga, izo ntchito kwa mpanda wa mafakitale kwa yopanga zitsulo nkhumba. The slag anawonjezera kuti simenti, oyenera nyumba (as tsopano inafalitsidwa cinder chipika) ndi kuphulika ng'anjo mafuta ndi mafuta abwino, preheated mpweya aperekedwe ku kuphulika ng'anjo.