Mchere Sakhalin: mafuta, mafuta ndi zitsulo sanali akakhala ndi osowa. mpumulo Sakhalin

Far kum'mawa, 7 zikwi makilomita ku Moscow, ndi chilumba china chachikulu cha Sakhalin. Kodi tikudziwa za iye? Mutawerenga nkhani yathu, mudzaphunzira zinthu zambiri zatsopano ndiponso zosangalatsa za chibadwa, thandizo ndi mchere chuma cha Sakhalin.

Kukumana Sakhalin!

The Japanese kuzitcha izo Karafuto. Kuti ife amadziwika pansi pa dzina la Sakhalin. chilumba lili pati? Ndipo kodi miyeso yake?

Sakhalin Island ili ku gombe kum'mawa kwa Asia. Ndi Chilumba chachikulu la Russia. Ndi mbali ya dera Sakhalin, amene mulinso unyolo wa zilumba kulibe asezare Kurile.

Sakhalin kusamba ndi nyanja ziwiri - Japan ndi Okhotsk. Yochokera kumtunda Russian iwo ankasiyana ndi Chitata Khwalala, ndi pachilumba Japanese wa Hokkaido - La Perouse Khwalala. Sakhalin anatambasula pa 950 kukafika ku mbali meridional. M'lifupi pazipita chilumba - 160 Km.

Chidwi chiyambi cha dzina la chilumbachi. Mawu awa Manchu kale unasankha Amur River, "Sahalyan-ull" kutanthauza "mtsinje wa miyala wakuda." Chifukwa akatswiri olemba mapu cholakwa dzinali anatchulidwa chilumba cha Sakhalin. cholakwa anali sitisintha, nakhazikika pansi. Mu Mabaibulo wotsatira wa mapu Russian mawu "Sakhalin" kale ntchito ngati mutu wa Chilumba chachikulu.

Kotero, ife asanaganize kumene Sakhalin ndi chifukwa chake wotchedwa. Panopa kuphunzira zambiri za mpumulo wake.

General makhalidwe a zimachititsa chilumbachi chilumbacho

Sakhalin thandizo zosiyanasiyana kwambiri. Iwo anapereka ndi mapiri, ndi mapiri ndi zigwa akakhala ndi otsika m'mphepete mwa nyanja otsika. Chapakati (linafalitsidwa kwambiri) gawo la chilumbachi ndi m'mphepete kumadzulo ndi kum'mawa, motero, wa West Sakhalin ndi East Sakhalin Mountains. m'mapiri Awa ndi sing'anga-mu msinkhu.

The chimbuzi wa Sakhalin - phiri Lopatin. Pa boreal nkhalango ake otsetsereka ukuwonjezeka, ndi pamwamba aphimbidwa minda cowberry ndi miyala. kutalika kwa phiri - mamita 1609 chokha.

Gombe la chilumbachi ndi indented pang'ono. Nawa anayi a pachilumbachi ndi kuzungulira kumalo awiri akuluakulu - Aniva ndi kuleza mtima.

Relief Sakhalin: mbali dera

Kumbali ya geomorphology m'gawo chilumba lagawidwa m'zigawo zingapo. Pafupifupi gawo limodzi pa malo ake okwana chimakwirira North Sakhalin kumveka. Ndi m'madera ambiri mu kumpoto kwa chilumba ndi bwino anayamba mtsinje maukonde ndi nsonga munthu wochepa (mamita mpaka 600). Pakuti madera a m'mphepete mwa nyanja zigwa yodziwika ndi mchenga mipiringidzo, milu, ndipo ndithu lalikulu m'madzi lagoon. Mwa njira, apa (komanso pa alumali la nyanja ya Okhotsk) ndi madipoziti waukulu wa mafuta - mchere waukulu Sakhalin.

Mu kumpoto kwambiri kwa chilumbachi ndi kusiyana ndi mtunda ake lamapiri Schmidt Peninsula. m'mphepete mwake ali okuya kwambiri, miyala ndi phompho.

M'madera chapakati ndi kum'mwera kwa chilumbachi chimakhala chogwidwa ndi m'mapiri. M'mphepete mwa nyanja akutambasula kumadzulo kwa West Sakhalin Mountains, ndi pamodzi kum'mawa - East Sakhalin (lomwe pano ndiye phiri Lopatin). Pakati machitidwe awiri mapiri mapiri ndi zina lowe tym-Poranayskaya m'zigwa. Iwo ali ndi chovala pakatikati pa miyala nyanja - sandstone ndi timiyala.

Kum'mwera kwa chilumbachi waima Susunai Ridge, kukuchitika pafupifupi 60 makilomita. Pa phazi lake lagona mzinda wa Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk - likulu la dera Sakhalin. The chimbuzi cha phiri lokwera Susunai Pushkinskaya (1047 m.) Kodi chandamale wotchuka alendo, peshehodnikov.

Mchere waukulu Sakhalin

Chikhalidwe wachuma wa dera? Waukulu zachilengedwe chuma cha Sakhalin ali zimachitika nkhalango, madzi ndipo, ndithudi, mchere ndi zipangizo. osalimba a maukonde mtsinje wa chisumbucho ndi apamwamba kuposa pafupifupi kwa Russia. M'mphepete wolemera kwambiri mu nkhalango (nkhalango chivundikiro index - pa 60%). Kumpoto kwa Sakhalin kukula nkhalango larch, kum'mwera - masamba (mapulo, Mongolian thundu, Manchurian phulusa ndi mitengo ina).

Khumi lalikulu mchere chuma cha Sakhalin chiri motere:

• mafuta;
• gasi;
• chrome miyala;
• germanium;
• Mercury;
• golide;
• khala;
• peat;
• talc;
• zeolites.

Amapangitsa Sakhalin mafuta, gasi, peat

Sakhalin - mwa malo akale Russia ndi mafuta ndi gasi kutulutsa. "Golide Black" pa chilumba wapezeka ndi Akatswiriwa mu 1880. Kwa zaka mazana makumi awiri ndi mafuta ndi gasi nkhokwe m'dera akhala kwambiri zatha, koma 1980s ndi yaikulu minda yatsopano anatulukira. Komanso, chiwerengero nkhokwe Okhotsk alumali akatswiri ayesedwa tonnes pafupifupi 4 biliyoni mafuta.

Yaikulu minda mafuta a Sakhalin ili mu gawo kumpoto kum'mawa kwa chilumba (Ehabinskoe, Paromayskoe, Katangliyskoe ndi ena). Sakhalin mlingo wa "golide wakuda" kupanga wokha kuonjezera chaka chilichonse. Choncho, 2019 izo zakonzedwa kuwonjezera mafuta kupanga pachilumbachi mwa 3.6% ndi gasi - 20%.

Pa Sakhalin, ndi analinso wolemera mkuwa, zomwe amakhala ndi mkulu khalidwe ndi ochititsa otsika sulfure. Ndi ntchito zitsulo, mpweya, komanso mafuta zombo. Chifukwa amapangidwa pa chilumbachi ndi peat. Miyala ya izi gwero mchere anagawira mu North Sakhalin zomveka tym-Poranayskoy otsika.

Non-akakhala, kawirikawiri ndiponso zitsulo zamtengo wapatali Sakhalin

M'chikondi cha chilumba kugona nkhokwe ndithu ores zosiyanasiyana zachitsulo. Pakati pawo - golide, germanium, Mercury, chromium, chitsulo, manganese, tungsten, nthaka, strontium, rhenium ndi ena. Pakati osowa zitsulo Sakhalin chidwi kwambiri ndalama Germany, ndi kwa chiwerengero cha zitsulo sanali akakhala - golide.

Pachilumbachi pali miyala ya onse miyala ndi placer golide. Chogwidwa zapitazi. Makumi placer golide oyenerera mu East Sakhalin Mountains. nkhokwe zawo okwana akuti ndi Akatswiriwa pa matani 59.

Pa Tonino-Anivskom Peninsula anayamba zigawo Novikovskaya munda Ge-wachuma wa malasha ndi mudstone. General nkhokwe germanium m'dera lino pafupifupi tonnes 640.

Posachedwapa, kumpoto kwa Sakhalin (pa Schmidt Peninsula) akhala kuzindikiridwa madipoziti chromite. General nkhokwe m'tsogolo wa ores zofunikazi anali okwana tonnes miliyoni asanu.