Rainforest India: zimaonetsa nyama ndi zomera

Padziko lathuli, pali zambiri zosiyana zachilengedwe. Nkhaniyi itithandiza akhudzidwa ndi nkhani ya nkhalango zotentha za India. Kodi iwo zophweka, makamaka nyama ndi zomera lodzaza iwo?

mawu ochepa A za India

M'pofunikanso kuti dziko lino ndi wapadera. Pa malo ake otsegula mungapeze zomera amenewa, amene sanapezeke kwina kulikonse. zomera India akhoza kugawidwa m'magulu angapo lalikulu. Komanso, aliyense wa mbali ya dziko amakulitsa zomera yake yapadera ndi zomera. Mwina n'chifukwa chake nyama ya India imatengedwa kukhala olemera pa dziko lonse. Chodabwitsa n'chakuti kuli mitundu oposa 20,000 osiyana. mitengo yekha ndi zitsamba akhoza kuziwerenga zoposa zikwi ziwiri!

A pang'ono m'mbuyomu

M'pofunikanso kuti dziko lino lili m'mbuyomu mmodzi mwa amenewa, koma colonizers sankaona kofunika kusunga okongola a nkhalango ndi zonse ntchito India zolinga zake. Pambuyo kulengeza ufulu wa dera Indian funso kuteteza zachilengedwe ananyamuka makamaka yokhudza ufiti. Panthawi imeneyi, mwachangu anabzala shelterbelts pamodzi m'ngalande ulimi misewu, ndi mwachangu Kuchita zinthu zofunika kuteteza kukokololoka kwa nthaka (kuphatikizapo m'madera otentha). Choona chidwi: ngati ambiri a kumayiko a dziko lathuli akudwala kudula mitengo, ndiye India akhoza kudzitama za kuwonjezeka mu malo nkhalango. Pazaka makumi angapo, chivundikiro nkhalango chawonjezeka ndi za 15-20%.

Za mitundu nkhalango

Conventionally nkhalango Indian akhoza kugawidwa mu subgroups zitatu:

1. Rainforest India (chinyezi, mvula ndi yobiriwira). Malawi: The otsetsereka a ku Western Ghats, kum'mwera kum'mawa gawo la Himalaya, Phiri Nilgiri mapiri ndi cardamom.
2. Shola nkhalango, pang'ono ndi pang'ono kutembenukira mu nkhalango yamvula deciduous. Main malo: pamwamba rainforest lapansi.
3. M'tchire nkhalango. Malawi: Punjab, Rajasthan, Gujarat, Deccan Plateau.

About kotentha

Mu kuphunzira nkhaniyi "loteteza nkhalango lotchedwa Rainforest India" ayenera kunena mawu ochepa kwenikweni za nyengo ya malo amenewo. Mwachitsanzo, mu nkhalango zotentha kwambiri kuchuluka chinyezi, nchifukwa chake iwo amatchedwa Nkhalango yobiriwira. Komabe, mfundo imeneyi ntchito "pa dzanja" zomera ndiye nakulitsa zobiriwira kwambiri greenery, chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa kutentha ndi chinyezi - ichi ndi abwino kwa zomera. Monga zinthu kutentha masana mu kotentha ndi otentha kwambiri, ozizira usiku madigiri sikisi eyiti.

makhalidwe

M'pofunikanso kuti nkhalango zotentha za India ali wolemera kwambiri mitundu mtengo wapatali. Ena mwa iwo ndi sallovoe mtengo (ndipamene nthandala woyera, amene ntchito pomanga nyumba ndi chilengedwe musiyane), teak, Cisse, dzhatovoe mtengo. Mu pamwamba sallovom mtengo amakhala lacquer mealybug, amene anapanga shellac - sera, imene chimagwiritsidwa ntchito zosowa wailesi, ndipo posachedwapa mu ntchito zozipakapaka. M'chigawo cha Karnatka kukula chofunika kwambiri sandalwood, miroblan (zipangizo apamwamba yaiwisi kupanga mipando mtengo) ndipo Besi, ntchito kupanga methanol.

mitengo

Kodi wina wolemera nkhalango zotentha za India? Nkofunika kudziwa kuti m'nkhalango yamvula ya nsungwi zimayambira, kumene inu mosavuta yokhotakhota madengu a mosiyanasiyana, amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi anthu a m'dzikolo.

Mbali zina za kumadera otentha kudzazidwa ndi lolimba ndiponso prickly zomera (m'dera la Western Ghats), zomwe anthu am'deralo ntchito mwanzeru kwambiri. zomera zabwino zosiyanasiyana ntchito luso ndi chopezera tannins ndi inki. Chidwi mfundo: ndi Tingafinye ku mthethe catechu India ndi ncho kwambiri lalanje mtundu pigment, yemwe ali mmodzi wa mitundu ya mayiko a dziko. Pa yosanja ya rainforest angapezeke breadfruit ndi Indian wamango. Pali zambiri ndithu mlombwa ndi mitengo ya mchisu.

Palma

Amene Indian chuma ngati asukulu? Kodi wina wolemera nkhalango zotentha za India? 3 kalasi sukulu kale ankakomana pa mbiri zachilengedwe ndi mitengo ya kanjedza. Indian kotentha chifukwa cha m'dera lawo pafupifupi 20 mtundu wawo. Kwambiri kuzindikira asukulu kanjedza - kokonati. Mu mbali ya kum'mwera ya kotentha angapezeke zakutchire kanjedza ndi Kasungu INPE. Mbali ya kumpoto Mgwalangwa rattan wokonzeka kuonetsera ndi yaitali kwambiri ndi woonda mbiya. Shaded zigwembe lonyowa wodzazidwa ndi lalanje, nthochi ndi mandimu mitengo.

zomera

zomera zimene ena akhoza kudzitama rainforest la India? 3 kalasi ya sekondale sukulu, mwatsoka, si koma kuganizira hopeyu melkotsvetnuyu, Cullen mkulu, Vatera ndi dipterocarpus Indian. Sikuti mayina onsewa kuti ndithudi chidwi aang'ono chidwi ndi zomera okha wawapatsa chidwi kwambiri, chifukwa ngati iwo achibale sichingapezeke mu M'madera a zitunda wathu.

nyama

Poganizira nkhani imeneyi, ife ndinkadabwa chimene nyama pano inkakhala m'nkhalango zotentha za India? Choyamba chidwi ayenera kuperekedwa kwa anyani wa - ichi ndi anthu ambiri a m'madera amenewa. Iwo ndi nambala yaikulu ya moyo. Komanso, apa mukhoza kukumana ndi nyani. Wina wokhala lodziwika kwambiri la kotentha - njovu Indian. Iye ali pang'ono kakang'ono kuposa mnzake ake African, koma kusiyana ndi negligible. The peculiarity wa njovu African ndi anthu ake aakazi alibe tusks, T. E. Iwo ali aafupi kwambiri kuti zosaoneka. Elephant ndipo tsopano ntchito zina ntchito yambiri. Odziwika nswala, tikukhala mu nkhalango ya India. Species osiyanasiyana kwambiri: muntjac, sambar (nyanga amene kutalika 100 cm), olamulira (kapena kuwerenga) barasingha (nyanga ndi njira oposa 14).

Akuti olemera zomera la Himalaya. Mu m'dera amakhala otentha nswala musk, Malayan chimbalangondo, phiri nkhosa. Popeza kotentha kukopa herbivores, ena a iwo amakhala ogwirira: nyama, akambuku, akambuku, panthers, nthumwi marten kumuwombera.

mbalame

Otentha nkhalango mu India ndi zonse za mbalame. Pano mukhoza kupeza ankasewera ndi phokoso Zinkhwe (oposa 150 mitundu!) Ndi nthenga yowala ndi zokongola. Amakhala Lane (Indian starling), hawks, akhwangwala ndi m'makosi. Zima mbalame anthu ukuwonjezeka ndi pafupifupi theka, T. Kwa. Imafika kuno yozizira ndi mbalame zambiri kuchokera kumpoto Asia ndi ku Ulaya.

nyama zina nyengo yotentha

Mwa kuphunzira zimene ali ziweto za rainforest ku India, ndi kulabadira tizilombo zokhala zone ichi nyengo. Choncho, poyamba pa zonse mukhoza kukumana kwambiri agulugufe wokondeka. Ndipo kulibe kudabwa; m'gawo la kotentha ndi kunyumba kwa mitundu 700. Kwambiri ngati gulugufe chimphona, amene mapiko aatali mpaka 30 masentimita! Kuli chiwerengero chachikulu cha nyerere osiyana.

Otentha ali kunyumba ndipo kungakhale kwa mitundu yonse ya zokwawa: ng'ona, akamba, njoka ndi abuluzi. N'zochititsa chidwi kuti ena ng'ona kufika mamita khumi m'litali, ndi anaconda njoka akula mamita asanu ndi anayi. N'zochititsa chidwi kuti chilumba chimodzi chokha cha Kalimantan mitundu yosiyanasiyana amphibian mu kasanu kuposa onse a ku Ulaya.