Mitundu ya nthiwatiwa. Kumene akukhala ndi zimene kudya nthiwatiwa? nthiwatiwa dzira

M'nkhani ino tikufuna kulankhula za mbalame lalikulu kwambiri padziko lonse, ngakhale chakuwuluka. Straus - mbalame ndi zosangalatsa ndi zachilendo. Kunena zoona, aliyense zimasokoneza ndi wapadera ndipo ali ndi makhalidwe yake. Nthiwatiwa komanso chidwi makamaka ndi dissimilarity ake kwa ena. Mu dziko lathu, mbalame zokongola Tingaone zambiri, koma chifukwa iwo chidwi kuonera.

Kodi mtundu wa mbalame?

Amakhulupirira kuti mbalame wapadera anaonekera pa dziko zaka 12 miliyoni zapitazo. Mwamtheradi mitundu yonse ya nthiwatiwa amagwira ntchito ratites Division (flightless), iwo amatchedwa kuthamanga. Nthiwatiwa amakhala m'mayiko ofunda, Australia ndipo Africa ankaona malo theka-louma ndi m'tchire.

Izi mbalame wapadera kwambiri ofanana khalidwe kwa anzawo. Choona chidwi n'chakuti yomasulira ku liwu lachigiriki lakuti "Nthiwatiwa 'sichitanthauza kanthu, monga" ngamila mpheta. " Kodi si oseketsa poyerekeza umenewu mbalame yaikulu? Monga pa nthawi yomweyo wina ndi chinthu chomwecho zikhoza kukhala zofanana ndi anthu awiri osiyana kwambiri? Mwina osati kanthu kuti anthu amene ali pothawa mavuto otchulidwa nthiwatiwa. Inde, pali ngakhale mawu otchuka: "m'manda mitu yathu mu mchenga ngati nthiwatiwa ndi." Kodi pali kotero palokha kwenikweni mbalame ndi zimene zikundiyenera zoterezi poyerekeza unflattering?

Iwo likukhalira kuti mu moyo weniweniwo, nthiwatiwa usadzandiike m'manda mwawo. Mu nthawi ya ngozi, akazi zingakhudze mutu wake ndi nthaka kukhala osaonekera. Kotero iye ayesera kupulumutsa mbewu yake. Pa mbali ya zingaoneke kuti mbalame amaika mutu wake mu mchenga, koma zimenezi si choncho. Nyama zakutchire, zambiri mwa adani, mikango, mimbulu, mphungu, afisi, njoka, mbalame zodya nyama, ndi amphaka.

maonekedwe

Palibe mbalame lapansi akhoza kudzitama amenewa chachikulu. Nthiwatiwa ndi mosakayikira mbalame lalikulu kwambiri padziko lonse. Koma nthawi yomweyo mphamvu ndi lalikulu chilli sangathe kuwuluka. Kuti, mfundo, osati zodabwitsa. Kulemera nthiwatiwa ukufika makilogalamu 150, ndipo kutalika - mamita 2.5.

Poyamba zingaoneke kuti mbalame m'malo zosamveka ndi kovuta. Koma si choncho. Monga agogoda dissimilarity wa cholengedwacho kwa mbalame zina zonse. Nthiwatiwa ndi gulu lalikulu, mutu waung'ono, koma khosi lalitali kwambiri. Mbalame ndi maso zachilendo kwambiri kuti kuima mutu ndi thonje ndi akulankhula mokalipa wandiweyani. miyendo Nthiwatiwa ndi yaitali ndi amphamvu.

thupi mbalame ali ndi nthenga pang'ono lopotana ndi lotayirira. mtundu awo zofiirira ndi woyera, wakuda ndi dongosolo woyera (makamaka amuna). Kumasiyanitsa mitundu yonse ya nthiwatiwa kwa mbalame zina, ndi yonena okwana otchedwa muyezo.

mitundu ya nthiwatiwa

Ornithologists kuwerengera nthiwatiwa akuthamanga mbalame, ndiwo banja la anthu anayi: atatu toed cholengedwa didactylism ndi cassowary ndi kiwi komanso (yaing'ono wingless).

Mwina maganizo zofunika kwambiri tinganene kuti ndi nthiwatiwa African. Zinali asayansi wake amatchula ratite lapansi. Dzina lokha amatipatsa chithunzithunzi cha kumene nthiwatiwa moyo. Ndi kunyumba kwa mbalame North ndi Africa East, Somalia ndi Kenya.

Panopa kudziwa subspecies angapo mbalame African: massaysky, Barbary, Chimalaya ndi Chisomali. Mukuvetsa zimenezi onse nthiwatiwa zilipodi.

Ndipo apa ndi ena awiri anakhala pa dziko lapansi, koma tsopano amaonedwa amanena: a South Africa ndipo Arabic. nthumwi zonse African ndi kukula chidwi. N'zovuta kupeza mbalame wina ndi magawo amenewa. Kulemera nthiwatiwa angafikire theka quintals (imeneyi imagwira ntchito kwa amuna), koma akazi ndi kukula kwambiri wodzichepetsa.

Ndi ofunika kukumbukira nanduobraznyh. Ndi tione chachiwiri omwe nthawi zambiri amatchedwa nthiwatiwa. Pamafunikanso nthumwi ziwiri: Nandu Darvina Rhea ndi lalikulu. mbalame amakhala Amazon ndi mapiri ndi zigwa za South America mapiri.

Oimira unit wachitatu (casuariiformes) moyo mu New Guinea ndi kumpoto Australia. Pamafunikanso mabanja awiri: kazuarovye (cassowary muruka wamba cassowary) ndi emus.

Koma mtundu yamasika zikuphatikizapo kiwi. Iwo amakhala ku New Zealand, ndipo ngakhale ndi chophiphiritsa. Kiwis ndi kukula ochepa poyerekeza ndi mbalame zina akuthamanga.

nthiwatiwa African

Nthiwatiwa African, ngakhale ndi mbalame yaikulu pa dziko lapansi, koma sanathe kuwuluka. Koma chikhalidwe wapereka mphamvu yodabwitsa kuthamanga amazipanga kudya.

Mbalame mmodzi zambiri chizindikiro chimene ife otchulidwa - mutu chaching'ono, chimene wafunsira kulankhula kuti nthiwatiwa ndi nzeru zochepa kwambiri.

Pa mapazi a nthiwatiwa African ali zala ziwiri zokha. zodabwitsazi sangathe anakumana ku oimira ena a dziko mbalame. Choona chidwi ndi zala ziwiri izi ndi zosiyana kwambiri. Large kwambiri ngati chiweto, kupatula bwino anayamba zochepa. Komabe, izi samaletsa athamangadi kudya. Ambiri, nthiwatiwa - amphamvu mbalame, sichoncho pafupi kwambiri, chifukwa angathe mufika mphamvu wamphamvu. Akuluakulu mosavuta kusamutsidwa pa munthu nokha. nyama akhoza amati ndi nthawi yaitali, chifukwa zimatha kukhala zaka 60-70.

njira ya moyo

Straus - ndi mitala nyama. Mu chikhalidwe, mu nyengo mating amuna ndi atazunguliridwa ndi gulu la akazi a akazi, Pakati pali zofunika kwambiri. Nthawiyi chimakhala cha March kwa October. Pa nyengo lonse mkazi akhoza kuyika pakati pa mazira 40 ndi 80. Nthiwatiwa dzira ali chachikulu kwambiri. Chigoba choyera kwambiri kunja, zikuoneka kuti unapangidwa zadothi. Komanso, ndi cholimba. Nthiwatiwa dzira ndipo zimalemera magalamu 1100 ndi 1800.

Choona chidwi ndi akazi onse mazira nthiwatiwa anagwetsa mu chisa chimodzi. Amawaumbatira ana ake monga bambo ndi mkazi asankha. Nthiwatiwa mwana wankhuku wabadwa woona ndipo zimalemera pafupifupi kilogalamu a. Iye amasuntha bwino ndipo patapita tsiku akuyamba paokha chakudya chawo.

makamaka mbalame

Mbalame ndi masomphenya zabwino ndi zinthu. Ichi ndi chifukwa zizindikiro zawo structural. Kusintha yaitali khosi ndi makonzedwe apadera diso kupereka mwayi kudzaonerera m'madera ambiri. Mbalame zimatha kuganizira zinthu pa mtunda wautali. Zimenezi zimawachititsa ndi nyama zina kuti msipu kupewa ngozi.

Komanso, mbalame akhoza moyera, pamene osauka liwiro la makilomita 80 pa ola limodzi. Mu malo amenewo kumene moyo nthiwatiwa mu zakutchire wazunguliridwa ndi nambala zosaneneka cha adani. Ndipo chifukwa masomphenya zabwino ndi luso kuthamanga kudya - ndi chabwino kwambiri quality, kuthandiza kupewa ukapolo wa mdani.

Nthiwatiwa aziphedwa?

Monga nyama moyo mu nyengo yotentha, simungathe nthawi zonse mokwanira kudyetsedwa. Ndipo chifukwa iwo ali omnivores. Kumene, waukulu chakudya zomera. Koma nthiwatiwa akhoza kudya mabwinja pambuyo ogwirira pa, tizilombo, nyama zokwawa. Kumbali ya chakudya, iwo kwathunthu wodzichepetsa ndipo m'malo kupirira njala.

Nanda

Mu mapiri a America South anthu rheas. mbalame ofanana nthiwatiwa, koma ali ndi kukula kwambiri wodzichepetsa. Animal akulemera pafupi makumi pogwiritsa, ndi kukula si upambana masentimita zana ndi makumi atatu. Kunja Rhea palibe kukongola osiyana. nthenga zake ndithu unsightly ndi osowa (sadzachitanso chimakwirira thupi lake), ndi nthenga pa mapiko si kwambiri zobiriwira. Nanda miyendo amphamvu ndi zala zitatu. Nyama makamaka kudyetsa zomera, mitengo, mphukira, mbewu.

Pa nyengo kuswana zazikazi kugona pakati pa 13 ndi 30 mazira, omwe akulemera palibe magalamu 700. Yaimuna amakonzekera mazira bwino ndipo iye anakhala hatches awo m'manja tsogolo kudzachitika wa ana.

Mu chikhalidwe pali mitundu iwiri ya Rhea: wamba ndi kumpoto. Mu zaka za m'ma makumi awiri, nyama zimenezi anali ochuluka kwambiri, koma anapezeka okha pafupi kuwonongedwa chifukwa misa awonongedwe. Ndipo chifukwa cha iwo - nyama zokoma ndiponso kusonkhanitsa dzira. Mu chilengedwe Rhea Tingaone kokha mu malo akutali kwambiri. Only kumeneko anatha kupulumuka. Koma Rhea msanga kuwetedwa ndipo anali kumalo osungira.

emu

Emu amayang'ana pang'ono ngati cassowary a. Kutalika kwa mbalame ukufika 150-190 masentimita, ndi kulemera ranges makilogalamu 30-50. Animal amatha imathamanga dongosolo la makilomita 50 pa ola limodzi. Izi ntchito ndi kukhalapo kwa miyendo yaitali kuti athe mbalame kuchitapo kanthu mpaka 280 masentimita.

Pa Emu alibiretu mano komanso kuti chakudya mmimba Kadulidwa, mbalame kumeza miyala, galasi ndi ngakhale tizitsulo. Nyama osati amphamvu kwambiri ndipo anayamba miyendo, komanso pamaso zodabwitsa ndi kumva, amene amawapatsa mphamvu kudziwa ogwirira kale kuposa nthawi kuti aukire.

Features wa emu

Emu akhoza kukhala nthenga osiyana, malingana ndi kumene moyo. Nthenga nyama ndi dongosolo lapadera kwambiri, zomwe zimawalepheretsa kuti overheat. Ichi chizathandiza mbalame ndi moyo wokangalika, ngakhale mu nthawi yotentha kwambiri. Emu bwino zambiri kulekerera kutentha pakati pa madigiri -5 kuti +45. Amuna ndi akazi anthu Zikuoneka asemphana weniweni, koma phokoso iwo zimatulutsa osiyana. Akazi zambiri kufuula mokweza kuposa amuna. Kuthengo, mbalame moyo zaka 10 mpaka 20.

Emus nawo mapiko yaing'ono, kuwala buluu yaitali khosi ndi imvi bulauni nthenga zomwe kuteteza khungu ku cheza ultraviolet. Mbalame diso chivundikiro nictitating Kakhungu kuwateteza ku zinyalala ndi fumbi m'zipululu mphepo ndi louma.

Emu kufalitsa pafupifupi mu Australia ndi Tasmania. Kuchotserapo ndi nkhalango zowirira, louma m'madera ndi mizinda.

Animal zakudya chakudya masamba, zipatso za zitsamba ndi mitengo, zomera, masamba, udzu, mizu. Kawirikawiri kudyetsa m'mawa. iwo kupita pa munda ndipo nthawi zambiri kudya mbewu. Ngakhale emus akhoza kudya tizilombo. Koma nyama kumwa infrequently (kamodzi pa tsiku). Ngati lotsatira pali wambirimbiri madzi akumwa, angathe kangapo patsiku.

Emus ndi kuzunzidwa kaŵirikaŵiri mbalame na pinyama: nkhandwe, dingoes, hawks ndi mphungu. Fox kuba mazira, ndi mbalame zodya nyama amayesetsa kupha.

kubalana emu

Pa mating nyengo akazi kukhala wokongola kwambiri nthenga mtundu. Iwo ali aukali kwambiri maganizo ndipo nthawi zambiri nkhondo wina ndi mzake. A wamwamuna yekhayo angathe intensively nkhondo.

Pa nyengo, emus anagona 10-20 mazira mdima wobiriwira mtundu ndi chipolopolo zokhutala. Aliyense wa iwo umalemera pafupifupi kilogalamu a. Emu kwambiri mitala, koma chifukwa munthu chisa mazira anagwetsa akazi angapo, ndiye amawaumbatira wawo wamwamuna. Aswa fledglings angalemere pafupi mapaundi, ndipo msinkhu wawo ndi 12 masentimita. Pa nthawi imeneyo, pamene amuna ali otanganidwa paketi ana iwo amakalipa kwambiri, choncho ndi bwino kuti Musiyeni.

Mu mbalame zakutchire Australia ndiotetezedwa mwa lamulo, koma ichi changokhala mwambo. Ndipotu, anthu ambiri akhala pafupi kutha. Emu ndi chizindikiro ndi kunyada kwa Africa la Australia.

Mbiri ya ...

Akukhulupirira kuti nthiwatiwa anaonekera pa dziko zaka 12 miliyoni zapitazo. A malonda nthenga nyama kunayamba oyambirira kuteteza Egypt ndi ntchito zaka zikwi zitatu. Ena m'misasa ngakhale pamaso pa chiyambi cha nthawi yathu ino, nyama anali mu ukapolo. Kale Egypt, pa mwambo wa madona kwakukulu uku atakwera nthiwatiwa. Kufunika yaikulu anayamba ntchito cholembera nyama m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chinayi, zimene zinachititsa kuti kuchepetsa kwambiri chiwerengero cha mbalame. Pakati pa zaka za m'ma anayamba nthawi ya chitukuko mofulumira nthiwatiwa. Famu yoyamba Africa, anaonekera mu 1838. Nyama ayipanga kuti sicholinga yodalirika nthenga. Mwachitsanzo, mu South Africa mu nthawi wolowa wa cholembera ndi m'malo wachinayi pambuyo katundu wa golide, diamondi ndi ubweya.

Pang'onopang'ono kukhala nthiwatiwa zimaŵetedwa ku ukapolo ndi m'mayiko ena ndi m'maiko ena: United States, Algeria, Egypt, Australia, Italy, Argentina, New Zealand. Koma panthawi ya nkhondo ziwiri dziko la mtundu uwu wa malonda ndi pafupifupi unatha, ndipo chiwerengero cha minda ali utachepa kwambiri.

m'malo epilogue ndi

nthiwatiwa African, rheas ndi emus mu mabuku Zoological amati ndi suborder akuthamanga mbalame. Komabe, monga takambirana kale, kuti ratite yekha nthiwatiwa African akhoza zimachitika, amene zapamwamba mbalame yaikulu.

Dziko lonse ladzala ndi nyama zachilendo zachilendo. Ndipo ena a iwo akhoza kukhala ankaona nthiwatiwa. Izi wokongola ndi kolakalakika zolengedwa maso aakulu sindingakhoze basi izo. Pakali pano, ngakhale M'madera a zitunda wathu nthiwatiwa zimaŵetedwa ku nyumba kwa nyama wapatali, mazira, nthenga, ndipo monga ziweto zosowa.