Mercuric sulfide: chilinganizo

Mankhwala mankhwala enaake sulphide zinthu m'njira yosiyana otchedwa cinnabar - pawiri poizoni kwambiri. Ndi kwambiri ambiri Mercury mchere. Iwo akhala akugwiritsidwa ntchito kuyambira nthawi zakale colorant a. Koma processing wa mchere izi akhoza kumasula poizoni ndi chifukwa poizoni. Kotero tsopano cinnabar ndi kugwiritsidwa ntchito pa m'zigawo za mankhwala enaake, amene ntchito mafakitale ndi mankhwala.

Maminolo Mercury sulphide

Njirayi imatchedwa cinnabar. Izi mawu amachokera wakale kuphatikiza Perisiya "magazi chinjoka ndi". Umu ndi mmene wakale East mercuric sulfide ndi dzina lake kwa mtundu wofiira. Pa pogawanikana pamawere ndi mwala uwu ndi yowala chokhala ngati dontho la magazi. Mu mlengalenga izo mwamsanga oxidized, kupeza buluu imvi mtundu. pali chosowa kwambiri mchere mu mawonekedwe a mibulu payekha. Kawirikawiri ndi thanthwe kapena zolengeza. Cinnabar opezeka mu mawonekedwe a milozo, crusts ndi inclusions mu miyala ndi dongo miyala.

kusinthidwa wina ndi Mercury sulphide mchere metacinnabarite. ufa wakuda uyu ali osowa kwambiri m'chilengedwe. Ngakhale yosowa kwambiri mchere ku sulphide wa Mercury - ndi Aktaş, gvadalkartsit, opofrit, saukovit ndi ena.

Kufalitsa m'chilengedwe

Mercuric sulfide - ndi mchere ambiri Padziko Lapansi Mercury. Iwo aumbike mwa madipoziti Madziwo pafupi pamwamba. mchere Izi ncho pamodzi ndi khwatsi, galasi, calcite ndi Mitundu ina. Gawo lalikulu kwambiri sulphide mankhwala enaake oopsa, wakhala pansi chitukuko cha zaka zikwi ziwiri, ili mu Spain. Njirayi imatchedwa Almaden, apa limapanga 80% nkhokwe dziko la mankhwala enaake. madipoziti Large imapezekanso mwa Slovenia, Yugoslavia, USA. Ena migodi wakale, anakamba ndipo tsopano ali ku Roma, mu Donbass ku Central Asia, ku Primorye.

katundu

mchere umenewu muli oposa 80% ya mankhwala enaake. Kuti iye ndi ndiwo zitsulo izi. Popeza mankhwala enaake akhala kudziwika ndi ntchito makampani, moti anthu amangonena ntchito mankhwala enaake sulfide. Chilinganizo cha mankhwala HgS, mu china limatchedwanso sulfurous Mercury. mchere mbali ndi katundu thupi ndi mankhwala:

• yowala mtundu wofiira;
• chifukwa tchipisi - kumawala;
• mchere lamellae pafupifupi mandala, amafanana diamondi;
• Ndi osalimba kwambiri;
• Iwo ali osalimba aatali, kotero n'lalikulu kwambiri;
• mosavuta kusungunuka;
• pamene mkangano digiri 200, ndi kutulutsidwa kwa vaporized Mercury nthuzi;
• kusungunuka osakaniza nitric ndi zidulo hydrochloric.

Mbiri ya ntchito

Akukhulupirira kuti cinnabar wakhala kudziwika kwa anthu kwa zaka 15 zikwi zapitazo. Anapeza zaluso thanthwe. Ngakhale Ancient Rome, Egypt ndi Byzantine Mercury sulphide yotengedwa kupeza zitsulo ndi masoka sakhala ofiira. Zidutswa za cinnabar ankagwiritsa ntchito ngakhale kupanga alendo.

The madipoziti wamkulu anapulumuka mpaka lero, pali ku Roma, Gorlovka, mu Fergana Valley mu Uzbekistan, Tajikistan. Iwo anayamba zinthu oipa mtima, ogwira ntchito zambiri anafa poizoni.

Cinnabar ali kwambiri akukonda akale chifukwa cha mtundu ofiira owala. Ndipo anali ncho zaka 500 BC. Komanso, ankagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala enaake. zitsulo Izi chikuzika ndi ntchito ngati mankhwala chosafa. Chifukwa cha katundu wake wapadera wa mankhwala enaake otchedwa madzi siliva ndi kawirikawiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito alchemy. zitsulo uyu anali kudzipatula malo kawirikawiri zatsopano onse.

phwando

Back mu China wakale, anali woyamba akamagwira cinnabar yokumba. Ndi alloying ndi Mercury ndi asayansi sulfure wofiira mercuric sulfide chinapezeka mu 9 atumwi. Ndi amisiri wa Ages Middle mu zojambula wake kale ntchito cinnabar yokumba. Tsopano ntchito njira ziwiri kuti Mercury sulfide: youma ndi yonyowa. Pamene wobala youma wothira Mercury ndi sulfure ndi usavutike. Choncho analandira mankhwala wakuda. lapamwamba kenako condense. A njira yonyowa wayesedwa m'ma 18. Mu Mercury ichi ndi sulfure triturated ndi madzi ndi wothira koloko caustic. Pambuyo mwai zovuta kuwapeza wofiira mercuric sulfide. Koma zochepa kugonjetsedwa ndi kuwala wakuda.

The ndondomeko kupeza cinnabar yokumba choopsa kwambiri kwa anthu, monga limodzi ndi kutuluka kwa mankhwala poizoni mankhwala enaake. Choncho, n'chotheka mu zasayansi zoletsedwa ndi malamulo chitetezo. Komanso, kupanda cinnabar yokumba ndi kuti m'kupita angakhale bluish kapena pafupifupi wakuda hue. Izi zimachitika kale mu utoto wosanjikiza.

Kuopsa kwa mankhwala

Mercury - chitsulo kwambiri poizoni. cinnabar akhoza kuyambitsa poyizoni aakulu akanatha kumasula Mercury nthuzi, ngakhale mu zinthu zachilendo. Ndipo ichi ndi wamphamvu neurotoxic mankhwala. Zingamvekere ubongo, mantha dongosolo, moyipa amakhudza impso ndi chiwindi. Mercury nthuzi ndi odorless ndi inhalation amakhudza mundawo kupuma. Choncho, kuopsa kwa mankhwala enaake limabweretsa kalasi loyamba - mankhwala ambiri woopsawo. Ngati poyizoni anthu zimachitika zopweteka, imfa ya kumverera, ziwalo malo ofunika kwambiri, maganizo a mtima ntchito, kuyerekezera zinthu m'maganizo ndi imfa.

Mercuric sulfide: ntchito

Cinnabar - njira yabwino ya mankhwala enaake. Koma ena kuposa kuti kuyambira kale mchere ili ntchito monga mtundu yowala achilengedwe. Cinnabar ntchito ngati utoto kwa kupenta mafano jambulani zilembo zazikulu mu Baibulo, kupanga kachikumbutso. Mu iconography, monga inki kawirikawiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito lero. Koma kupenta yakale cha m'ma 19 kuti m'malo ndi utoto otetezeka cadmium. Kuwonjezera mankhwala Kutulukira Mercury sulfide anali ntchito ngati mankhwala polimbana ndi chindoko, antiseptic ndi mankhwala ofewetsa tuvi tolimba.

Tsopano Mercury yotengedwa cinnabar, chimagwiritsidwa ntchito makampani:

• mu kupanga thermometers;
• okonza magetsi;
• Kudzaza nyali fulorosenti;
• kwa kupanga barometers;
• pamene zotsimikizira kalirole;
• Brazing zitsulo ambiri ndi migodi golide;
• mu pharmaceutics Mwachitsanzo, chifukwa kuteteza katemera;
• ngakhale mu zaka za m'ma 20 anali mbali ya kumadzazidwa mano;
• Mercury kasakaniza wazitsulo ndi zitsulo zina amagwiritsidwa kwambiri miyala yamtengo wapatali;
• monga fungicide mu ulimi.