Kodi pa mapu mtsinje Sukhona? Kodi ukuyenda ndi kumene Sukhona wagwa?

Yaikulu komanso yaitali mtsinje mu dera Vologda ndi Sukhona. Iwo - waukulu zikuluzikulu za madzi pansi pa dzina la kumpoto Dvina. Mtsinje Sukhona, zithunzi zimene pansipa, ali kutalika 558 Km, dziwe ake m'dera kuposa 50 zikwi lalikulu. Km. Dzinali linachokera ku mawu "suhodna" kutanthauza "ziume pansi". Yambani zimatengera ku Kubensky nyanja, kumeneko lagawidwa 2 wamanja: Big Puchkas ndi Sukhona. Mbali yaikulu ndiyakuti zifukwa zachilengedwe, chingasinthe malangizo ake otaya ya masika. R. Sukhona ali akuya 100 m. Kupezeka kwa wochepa pamakomo ndi zilumba miyala.

mbali Hrs

Mtsinje Sukhona Vologda dera motsatizana pafupifupi 560 Km, ukufika kum'mwera kum'mawa malire ake pamwamba, ndiye likukhalira kumpoto ndipo zikugwirizana ndi mtsinje South. Pool zambiri osati mazana a mitsinje 4 ndi 6 zikwi mitsinje. Palinso nyanja, koma ambiri a iwo yaing'ono, dera lomwe sadzachitanso kuposa 0.4 Km. M'dera catchment Tingaone wandiweyani kudzalidwa kwa nkhalango, yomwe zatenga 70% ya malo okwana. Pali komanso zithaphwi. Stoke Kubensky nyanja, kumene mtsinje zimachokera Sukhona, ukulamulidwa ndi anamanga zaka zingapo zapitazo damu a.

A mbiri pang'ono

Sukhona gombe anali ntchito mu V m'ma BC. anthu Russian anabwera padziko lapansi lino zambiri, m'zaka XI. Wasefukira kudzera chapakati Russia ndi Arkhangelsk, amene amaloledwa kunyamula kumalo wina, zinthu zosiyanasiyana. Ngakhale ndi mtsempha wamagazi chofunika kwambiri, zimene zimathandiza ife kukhala makampani ndi malonda. ntchito Hydrological kusintha zinthu navigation, akatswiri anapeza, kumene Sukhona umayenda: la kumpoto Dvina. Mfundo zimenezi amaloledwa kukuza zoyendera mphamvu.

M'zaka za m'ma XIX, malo osiyanasiyana mtsinje anaitanidwa m'njira zosiyanasiyana. Mwachitsanzo, mtunda kuchokera ku nyanja ku Vologda Kubensky otchedwa Rabangoy (dzina kunayambika pambuyo yomanga ya agulupa pa magombe a mtsinje Rabangskogo) kuchokera Vologda kuti Dvinitsa Mtsinje - wotsika Sukhona pambuyo Dvinitsa Mtsinje - Great Sukhona.

ntchito.

Chifukwa cha Kumpoto Dvina mtsinje dongosolo Sukhona zolumikizana ndi Volga. Pa m'gawo lake, ndi waukulu, koma pa chirimwe kayendedwe ka zipangizo imathetsa chifukwa cha kusowa kwa madzi, makamaka malire m'munsi. Kuyambira mu 1990, wodutsa magalimoto anaimitsidwa monga izo zinali zodula ndi opanda pake malonda. Pa mfundo imeneyi view wa zinyalala, ena kwambiri wowonongeka mabacteria mtsinje phenol, kotero kumwa wapampopi madzi ngoletsedwa. Otere amaneneratu zachilengedwe a kamwazi ingafooketse madera ozungulira.

Mtsinje Sukhona Vologda dera pa nthawi n'kofunika kwambiri mtsempha wamagazi wa dziko, ngakhale, ndi kuwongolera ntchito (patsogolo njira kuzama) sali ikuchitika.

hydrology

Chogwidwa ndi chisanu zodyetsedwa. Popeza April, chigumula akuyamba, nchifukwa chake mumapezeka lalikulu (mpaka makilomita angapo) aumbike mwa malire chapamwamba. Sukhona mtsinje amaundana mu November-December, ndipo anatsegula yekha kwa May.

Iwo agawidwa mumaganiza zitatu:

• Chapamwamba (kuti pakamwa). Wolamuliridwa ndi otaya odekha. M'lifupi mwa mtsinje njira si upambana 200 m. Pa gombe nkhalango ndi udzu ili.

• Zikutanthauza (kuchokera mkamwa Tot'ma). Pakuti mofulumira kwambiri wopanikiza. Wood amakhala pafupi ndi mtsinje amadzimadzi. kuya 100 m, m'lifupi njira -. 240 mamita mu dera limodzi, pali shoals ambiri.

• M'munsi (m'munsimu Tot'ma). Forest amadziwa limatuluka madzi. Liwiro osiyana. M'lifupi mwa mtsinje m'madera ena mpaka 400 m. Tizilumba tina kuti zinkaoneka kale, zophimbidwa ndi madzi.

dziko nyama

Sukhona Mtsinje ali 58 nsomba, kuphatikizapo mitundu 3 lampreys. Kugawira zotsatirazi:

• Putin - smelt, smelt;
• sheya - whitefish, whitefish;
• krupnochastikovye - nsomba, bream.

Apa kukhala zachilendo kwambiri ndi kuteteza nyama za m'madzi: nelmushka, mumapezeka nsomba, nsomba, Nsombazi, nyanja gale-.

The zomera nkhalango, yomwe ili pa magombe a mtsinje Sukhona, makamaka osiyanasiyana. Pali pafupipafupi alendo nkhandwe, elks, nguluwe, hares, mimbulu, zimbalangondo. Pang'ono zochepa kotheka kukumana ndi amphaka, marten, otter, mink, racoon, Mfuko, weasel. Iwo chisa malo awa atsekwe, abakha, angathe kupezeka grouse, partridge ndi grouse.

masamba dziko

Dera pafupi ndi zone ya mtsinje lagawidwa subspecies awiri: Forest ndi South Forest. 70% ya gawo lawo ataphimbidwa ndi nkhalango, makamaka spruce. M'chigawo chakum'mawa angapezeke Oil, larch, pine. Mu kum'mwera kumadzulo zimamera pokhapokha ndere paini nkhalango, ngati ochepa zomera ndi chifukwa nthaka yopanda chonde. Kum'mwera - phulusa phiri linden. Kodi wochepetsetsa zimachitika mitengo Aspen ndi nkhalango birch iwo m'malo kugwetsa spruce. Zithaphwi zatenga 10% ya malo okwana. Apa mutha kuona paini nyenyezi yaing'ono, birch. 14% ali meadows ndi olimapo. Madambo chifukwa cha% 7 okha. Chogwidwa ndi udzu, sedges ndipo tidakocheza vlazhnotravnye. Malinga Sukhona Valley kukula krupnoosokovye ndi nkhalango tallgrass.

Muzilemba zonse zosiyanasiyana madzi kutuluka kuchokera ake gwero zake pakamwa izo si zotheka, chifukwa pa mapu mtsinje Sukhona lomwe bwino. Mwachitsanzo, m'dera kuchokera Kubensky nyanja ku mudzi wa Shuya ataima nkhalango birch, nthawi zina kukula Aspen, spruce ndi alder. mosapita m'mbali mothandizidwa ndi imfa yachibadwa pa nyanza, amene tsopano kwa madambo lonse. Kuyambira p. Shumsky Tot'ma pamaso iwo m'malo mwa nkhalango. The mtsinje ndiye, kupanga kukhota kumpoto, kusuntha kuchoka kwa iye kachiwiri. Pafupi ndi gombe la nkhuni ndi yabwino kokha pafupi inflow Tolshma Mtsinje. Mu malo mtsinje adza kwa kamwa, izo zatha mabanki phompho.

zinthu zachilengedwe

Pa nthawi, zinthu zachilengedwe Sukhona sanasangalale. Ngakhale zitakhala lili lignosulfonates, zili umene kuposa nthawi 30. Ofufuzawa inanena kuti mtsinje tsiku lililonse amalandira 180 zikwi. M ³ madzi mafakitale ndi banja munali nkhani organic. Pa mphindi, chifukwa sanali kugwilizana ndi mfundo za khalidwe madzi, akudyetsedwa ku Sukhona amakhalabe pa mlingo wochepa, pamene m'madera ena, boma wafika mfundo yovuta. Pa magombe ake anamanga mbiri nambala ya zomera, zomwe kusokoneza chikhalidwe cha madzi. chakuti mu 2006, atamuopseza osefukira chifukwa kwambiri snowmelt dera likuoneka tsoka zachilengedwe odziwikiratu.

Pa magombe a Sukhona wokwanira mzinda waukulu ndipo malo Santa Claus - Great Ustyug. Apa pali ndalama yaikulu zinthu zomwe mzinda Russian: m'tchalitchi, zingwe, kanyumba, mabelu. Komanso, mudzi mtsinje anamanga Sokol ndi Totma.

Poyamba, madzi ndi ofunika ndi boma, monga zatsimikiziridwa dzina lake Sukhonsky msewu, limene lili mu chimodzi cha zigawo za Moscow. Mwatsoka, madzi watha kuyamikilidwa zinthu zinafika poipa tsiku lililonse likadutsa.