Ntchito mpweya pansi isobaric, isothermal ndi njira adiabatic

Pa pachimake pafupifupi injini aliyense kutentha ndi chodabwitsa thermodynamic monga ntchito ndi mpweya pa Kukuza kapena chidule. M'pofunikanso kukumbukira kuti sayansi pa ntchito amatanthauza muyeso kachulukidwe, amakhala ndi machitidwe a mphamvu inayake pa thupi. Malinga ndi gasi ntchito, chofunika kukwaniritsidwa lake kusintha buku lake, palibe koma mankhwala a mavuto kusintha buku lino.

gasi ntchito pa kusintha voliyumu wake ndi khalidwe isobaric ndi isothermal. Komanso, leni ndondomeko kuwonjezeka angakhale, ndiponso umasinthasintha. ntchito mpweya chimene pansi kuwonjezeka isobaric, angapezeke ndi chilinganizo zotsatirazi:

A = pΔV,

momwe tsa - kachulukidwe khalidwe la kuthamanga mpweya, ndi ΔV - kusiyana pakati pa buku koyamba ndi womaliza.

The ndondomeko ya kuwonjezeka aliyense mpweya mu sayansi zambiri ankayimiridwa ngati ndondomeko ya munthu ndondomeko isobaric ndi isochoric. Yotsirizira yodziwika mu mpweya ntchito akalozera ake kachulukidwe ndi ziro chifukwa palibe gulu la pisitoni mu yamphamvu ya. Zikatero, likukhalira kuti ntchito mpweya pa ndondomeko umasinthasintha zimasiyana malinga mwachindunji voliyumu kuchuluka kwa chotengera, imene kayendedwe ka pisitoni lapansi.

Ngati ife tikufanizira ntchito ndi mpweya pa kuwonjezeka ndi psinjika, mwina mwaona kuti pa malangizo yowonjezera vekitala kusamuka kwa pisitoni ndi chikugwirizana ndi vekitala wa mphamvu kuthamanga mpweya uwu wokha, koma mu scalar mpweya mawerengedwe ntchito zabwino ndi mphamvu kunja - negative. Pamene wothinikizidwa mpweya motsogozedwa ambiri a kayendedwe ka yamphamvu ali yemweyo kunja mphamvu vekitala, kotero ntchito zawo ndi zabwino ndi zoipa ntchito mpweya.

Kuphunzira mfundo "akugwira ntchito mpweya" chingakhale chosakwanira ngati sanali kusokoneza ndi njira adiabatic. Pansi chodabwitsa choterechi yopezeka m'zinthu zachilengedwe akunena kuti ndondomeko ya kumene kulibe kuwombola kutentha ndi matupi kwina. N'zotheka Mwachitsanzo, mu nkhani kumene chotengera ndi pisitoni ntchito amaperekedwa ndi zabwino kutchinjiriza matenthedwe. Komanso, psinjika mpweya kapena njira yowonjezera akhoza ukugwira kuti adiabatic ngati kusintha nthawi voliyumu mpweya wochepa kwambiri kuposa nthawi imeneyi imene matenthedwe mgwirizano kumachitika pakati pa mpweya ndi matupi ozungulira.

The zambiri nawo mu tsiku ndi tsiku moyo ndondomeko adiabatic angathe kuonedwa ngati ntchito ya pisitoni mu injini kuyaka mkati. Akamanena za ndondomeko imeneyi ndi izi: monga ife tikudziwa kuchokera ku lamulo loyamba yopezeka m'zinthu zachilengedwe, kusintha mu mphamvu mkati mwa mafuta ndi quantitatively wofanana ndi ogwira ntchito, motsogoleredwa kuchokera kunja. Ntchito imeneyi ndi malangizo ake ndi zabwino, choncho mphamvu mkati mwa mafuta zingawonjezere, ndi kuwuka kutentha yekha. Zikatero koyamba, zikuonekeratu kuti pansi adiabatic ntchito mpweya kuwonjezeka zidzachitika chifukwa kuchepetsa mphamvu yake mkati, motero, kutentha mu ndondomeko adzakhala ndichepe.