Kumpoto Dvina Mtsinje: malo ndi makhalidwe ambiri

Mtsinje North Dvina - ndi waterway lofunika kwambiri la Russian North. Kodi izo zinachokera, pamene wasefukira ndi zimene amalowa nyanja? Mayankho a mafunso amenewa amapezeka mu pepala ili woyera.

General makhalidwe a mtsinje kumpoto Dvina

Ndi kutalika makilomita 744, mtsinje amatenga madzi kuchokera yaikulu m'dera, ndilo 357 000 makilomita lalikulu. Administratively izo Arkhangelsk ndi Vologda dera la Russia. Ndipo ngati inu kuganizira mtsinje Sukhona ndi Vychegda, kutalika kwa waterway izi lidzafika makilomita 1800!

Mtsinje North Dvina zimatengera pa njira zambiri mitsinje ina, mitsinje ndi madzi. Hydrography kungowerengedwa za zana lachiwiri kuti makhwawa a dongosolo mtsinje. Ndiko kuti, izi ndi mitsinje omwe amatuluka mwachindunji mu kumpoto Dvina. Ena mwa iwo ndi makhwawa yaikulu ndi: Vaga, Vychegda, Pinega ndi Yumizh.

Pa magombe a kumpoto Dvina Mtsinje ili asanu mizinda ya ku Russia. Iwo (malangizo kuchokera ku gwero kuti m'kamwa): Great Ustyug, Krasavino, Kotlas, Solvychegodsk, Novodvinsk, Arkhangelsk ndi Severodvinsk.

Makamaka boma madzi

Mtsinje North Dvina osiyana ochiritsira kumpoto madzi boma. Chakudya - makamaka anasungunuka chisanu, pazipita otaya mlingo anati mu May ndi June (15 000 mamita ³ / s).

The mtsinje wayamba amaundana kumapeto kwa October, ndipo anatsegula padziko pakati pa April. Choncho, kumpoto Dvina "mu ayezi" ndi pafupifupi theka la chaka. Dziwani kuti pa ayezi kulowerera pa Wapambana mtsinje amakhala olimbikira. Nthawi zambiri pali chotipinga.

The etymology wa dzina la malo

Chifukwa kumpoto Dvina wotchedwa choncho? Pa chifukwa ofufuza akhala kutanthauzira angapo, koma iwo onse wiritsani pansi pafupifupi chimodzimodzi. Izi gidrotoponim ikuimira "mtsinje wapawiri". kutanthauzira umenewu umatipatsa m'mabuku ake olemba angapo. chakuti mtsinje Severnaya Dvina Mtsinje aumbike mwa pophatikizana a madzi ena awiri, kotero etymology ofanana n'zomveka ndithu ndi wololera.

Tikumbukenso kuti ofufuza ena (makamaka Matveev) ndinawona mu chiyambi cha dzina mizu Baltic. Choncho, Matveyev amakhulupirira kuti dzina malo amachokera ku mawu Chilituyaniya "dvynai" kutanthauza "wachiphamaso."

N'zochititsa chidwi kumpoto Dvina kuwonetsedwa ntchito zambiri mabuku ndi ndakatulo. Mwachitsanzo, mzinda zopeka mu buku ndi Kiri Bulychev ili pa kungoganiza mtsinje Goose, limene likutengera madzi ake ali kumpoto Dvina.

Long njira nyanja ...

Kodi kumpoto Dvina mtsinje? Yankho ndi yosavuta, ngati inu mutayang'ana pa mapu mwatsatanetsatane lawolawo. Zikuonetseratu kuti gwero la kumpoto Dvina Mtsinje ili kumene South ndipo kuphatikiza pamodzi Sukhona. Izi zimachitika mu wakale Russian mzinda wa Veliky Ustyug, anayambitsa m'zaka za m'ma XII.

Kenako, kumpoto Dvina Mtsinje amanyamula madzi ake kumpoto, ndipo posakhalitsa amalandira Vychegda mtsinje. Izi zimachitika pafupi ndi tauni ya Kotlas. Tisaiwale mfundo zosangalatsa: mu nthawi ya pophatikizana Vychegda ndi zonse loyenda mtsinje kuposa kumpoto Dvina.

Komanso, waterway chathu njira yake kwa nyanja, pang'onopang'ono kusintha malangizo kumpoto kumpoto. Kukhala ndithu mtunda wautali, kumpoto Dvina Mtsinje amalandira madzi a mtsinje wina lalikulu - Pinega. Pambuyo pake kale kuyambira kutenga mawonekedwe m'dera ake yaikulu ankadziwana wathu mtsinje.

Chidwi ndi mbiriyakale kuti gwero la kumpoto Dvina Mtsinje anafotokoza mwatsatanetsatane otchedwa Ustyug amafotokoza. Limafotokoza kuti "Sukhona ndi kum'mwera kwa mtsinje, amene ophatikizidwa, anadzipanga yekha mtsinje wachitatu ...".

The estuary ya kumpoto Dvina

The hydrology wa estuary lotchedwa malo mtsinje ukuyenda mu nyanja, nyanja, nyanja kapena thupi zina za madzi. Pankhaniyi, kumpoto Dvina Mtsinje amalowa White Nyanja, kapena kukhala enieni kwambiri, mu Dvina Bay. Pankhaniyi pakamwa ali mawonekedwe Delta yaikulu, amene m'dera zikhoza kugwirizana ndi dera Volgograd. Ndi pafupifupi 900 makilomita lalikulu.

The ankadziwana ya kumpoto Dvina ndi dongosolo la yaing'ono ritsa hoses, pokhala ndi zilumba. M'lifupi mwa chigwa mtsinjewu kuchuluka kwa makilomita 18.

Dvina Bay - Bay yaikulu ya White Nyanja, mu mbali kum'mwera kum'mawa. Kuzama - mkati mamita 120 (zikutanthauza mtengo - pafupi twente mamita). Mu Dvina Bay akuthamanga oposa khumi ndi mitsinje, kuphatikizapo kumpoto Dvina. Dziwani kuti ali - malo otchulidwa mu zonse Nyanja North. The madzi mu Bay a Dvina yotentha umafunda mpaka +10 ... + 12 madigiri.

Kutumiza pa kumpoto Dvina

Kutumiza n'zotheka pamodzi kutalika lonse la mtsinje. Komabe, n'zovuta kwambiri mu mzinda wa dera Arkhangelsk. Mwachitsanzo, sitima zazikulu sindingakhoze kupita mwakuya mu kamwa. Monga ulamuliro, iwo serviced mu ndalama doko. Chopambana zolinga kwa kukhathamiritsa wa navigation mu ankadziwana ya kumpoto Dvina anayamba m'zaka za m'ma XIX, koma iwo sanali akuyendera bwino. Muzochitika mu estuary ndi zovuta chifukwa chakuti mtsinje pa "madzi mkulu" pano akupanga ndalama yaikulu mchenga ndi zinyalala, kuti yekha complicates Ndime ya sitima.

Ndi ofunika ponena kuti mtsinje akadali akuthamanga Sitima "N. V. Gogol" - wamkulu wa iwo amene adakali mu ntchito mu dziko. Linamangidwa kumbuyo mu 1911.

Kotero inu mukudziwa za zinthu ndi malo a waterway yofunika ya Russian North - kumpoto Dvina Mtsinje.